Jht RURAL NEW-YORKER 
289 
Farm Mechanics 
By Robert H. Smith 
Developing Water System 
I am going to build a water reservoir 
about 200 ft. from bouse and outbuild¬ 
ings, and desire information about what 
size it would need be in case of fire, if it 
would be drawn from the reservoir for 
about three hours. 
I expect to build size 10x10, 5 ft. deep, 
with a 2-in. main for water hydrant. 
The reservoir will be built about 31 ft. 
from the water hydrant (this means the 
elevation), so the reservoir will be the 
same height of the uppermost part of the 
barn, which is the highest building. 
The inflow will only be from %-in. pipe 
continuously from a spring, which will 
give above 52,000 gals, of water a year. 
I intend to use small water motor and, 
if practical, one five-horsepower. These 
motors will be used only occasionally. 
Could I get sufficient pressure from a 
2-in. main to run a 30-in. crosscut saw? 
New York. w. A. c. 
Y’ou have neglected to state the dis¬ 
tance that the reservoir is to be from the 
buildings, simply giving the fall, 31 ft. 
Assuming that the reservoir is 200 ft. 
distant from the buildings and 31 ft. 
above them, you could expect a discharge 
of approximately 70 gals, per minute 
from a 2-in. pipe. This would empty a 
reservoir 10x10x5 ft. in about one hour, 
and you would need a tank of three times 
this capacity to secure a three-hour con¬ 
tinuous discharge. 
However, I would not advise attempt¬ 
ing to build a water system for fire-fight¬ 
ing purposes. The cost is too great if 
anything like adequate protection is as¬ 
sured. In your case water could not be 
thrown over the buildings because the 
reservoir is not high enough and the pres¬ 
sure would be low in the upper parts of 
the building as well. 
It is not advisable to use pipe as small 
as %-in. for a feed pipe. It may be 
capable of carrying the water when in¬ 
stalled, but it soon gets encrusted inside 
with rust and water growths, and the 
bore is .so small that discharge is choked. 
It is seldom advisable to lay anything 
smaller than %-in. diameter. 
As to the water power from the above 
arrangement, enough power might be se¬ 
cured to drive a sewing machine, grind¬ 
stone, knife grinder or buffing wheel, but 
nothing to the extent that you seem to 
expect. Water does work by reason of 
its weight and position, and you must 
have 33,000 lbs. of it falling through a 
distance of 1 ft. every minute, or its 
equivalent, to equal one horsepower. In 
your case this would mean more than 
one-half ton of water per minute. A 30- 
in. cordwood saw should have around five 
horsepower to drive it up to capacity, 
making the use of this water for this pur¬ 
pose out of the question. 
In the basement of my house I have 
a spring running about three gallons per 
minute all the year round, from which 
I supply the house with water by an elec¬ 
tric pump with a capacity of 160 gal¬ 
lons per hour, and automatic switch to 
same. I have a tank of 120 gallons 
capacity in connection with this pump, 
working under the usual pneumatic sys¬ 
tem. On a side hill, 30 ft. above and 
60 ft. from the house is a small cottage 
which I wish to supply also with water 
from this water system. To do so, I 
am thinking of building a reservoir higher 
up the hill and pumping water direct to 
the reservoir, using gravity to supply 
both houses, doing away with tank and 
pneumatic system, and getting a bigger 
reserve of water. Can I use same pipe 
I pump water to reservoir to supply 
the houses, or must I use another pipe? 
The supply pipe from pneumatic tank to 
house is half inch. g. b. h. 
Auburn, N. Y. 
A gravity system can be installed as 
you suggest by the use of a buried supply 
tank at or near the top of the hill. A 
single pipe line can be used both for 
supply to the tank and service to the 
houses, but it would need to be larger 
than half inch. A half-inch pipe of this 
length would cause considerable friction 
and back pressure upon the pump, and 
in addition would furnish but a meager 
flow from the gravity tank. I would sug¬ 
gest that the pipe line be made 1 inch 
at least. 
A cheaper installation would be to use 
your pump and pressure tank as now 
installed and to pipe direct from this to 
the cottage above the house. Three- 
quarter-inch pipe could be used for this 
purpose. 
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