The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 
Ailing Aminals 
Answered by Dr. A. S. Alexander 
Lice; Ticks 
What can I do for lice and ticks on 
sheep? Can I feed them something with 
grain or salt ? p. j. f. 
New York. 
In Winter it is most difficult to rid 
sheep of lice and ticks, as they cannot be 
dipped unless it is possible to keep them 
in an artificially heated place until dry. 
Even doing that is scarcely safe, for 
sheep readily contract pneumonia when 
wet and chilled. It is best, therefore, to 
dip sheep after shearing, and again, if 
necessary, before Winter arrives and the 
weather has not become too cold. Also 
dip lambs after shearing the ewes, as the 
ticks migrate to them at that time. Some 
sheepmen think it sufficient to dip the 
lambs after shearing the ewes, and that 
may suffice at that time, but the ewes 
and lambs may also need dipping before 
entering Winter quarters. During Win¬ 
ter some good may be done by dusting in¬ 
fested parts of the skin with a mixture 
of one part of Persian or pyrethrum pow¬ 
der, two parts of powdered sabadilla and 
five parts of flowers of sulphur. Repeat 
the dusting when seen to be necessary. It 
has often been advised by certain stock- 
men that the feeding of sulphur along 
with salt to sheep tends to keep them 
free from vermin, but to give the sheep 
enough sulphur to accomplish that is per- 
germs, such as staphylococci and coli 
bacillus, the infection then being mixed 
and is so called. 
The hi ilk from germ-infected quarters 
of an udder is unfit for use by people or 
animals and especially infants and young 
animals. Before using the milk from the 
apparently sound quarters of an udder 
that has one quarter, or more, affected a 
sample should have been tested by a bac- 
terologist and found free from germs. 
Otherwise children or even adults will be 
likely to be sickened by the milk. Further¬ 
more it may be advised that the first step 
when any cow has anything go wrong 
with her udder is to isolate the animal, 
have her milked by one who does not 
attend to the other cows, or at least 
milked last, and the milk should be caught 
in a pail containing a disinfecting solution 
and afterward be thrown out in a place 
to which cows have not access. 
In simple mammitis strip the quarter 
clean every hour, during the day and in 
the evening rub in a mixture of one part 
each of pure turpentine and fluid extract 
of poke root and eight parts of unsalted 
lard or sweet oil. A little kerosene in 
lard or oil is also useful. If the udder is 
very painful bathe it persistently with 
hot water or poultice it with hot anti- 
phlogistine in which mix a little turpen¬ 
tine and spirits of camphor. In all severe, 
vise a plan of applying the sulphur fume 
treatment, that would be effective. It is 
unlikely, however, that this can be man¬ 
aged. We should therefore advise you 
to clip the horse, wash and scrub him 
with a 1 to 50 solution of coal tar dip, 
and then apply, ,as needed, 2 oz. of flow¬ 
ers of sulphur. % oz. each of oil of tar 
and coal tar dip and 1 pt. of cottonseed 
oil or sweet oil to the worst affected 
parts, at intervals of three days. In ad¬ 
dition, give internally % oz. of Fowler’s 
solution of arsenic night and morning un¬ 
til the skin disease clears up ; then grad¬ 
ually discontinue the medicine, taking at 
least 10 days to the process. 
2. If there are no growths in the teats 
and the difficult milking seems to be due 
to small openings in the teats and to tight 
sphincter muscles in the feat walls, we 
should advise you to let the heifer nurse 
a calf until the milk secretion diminishes 
and she has to be dried off. That will be 
likely to relax the parts so that she may 
milk readily when she calves again. If 
you do not care to do that, sterilized di¬ 
lators or teat plugs may be used under 
the direction of a veterinarian and may 
accomplish the desired result. They will 
be very liable to cause infection and gar¬ 
get, however, unless care is taken to boil 
tlie instrument and smear carbolized vas¬ 
eline each time before insertion in the 
teats. 
3. If the weather permits and you can 
house the dog for a time so that he will 
not catch cold, lie may be tubbed in a 
warm solution of coal tar dip made ac- 
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Dept. 62, 333-7th Avc., New York,N. Y. 
haps detrimental to the health. Dipping 
in Summer and Autumn and dusting with 
insect powders in Winter is much the bet¬ 
ter treatment. The quarters for sheep 
should also he got into sanitary condition 
by cleansing, disinfecting and whitewash¬ 
ing before housing the animals, and it is 
then important to keep the stable clean 
and perfectly ventilated. Vermin always 
pester animals most in dark, damp, dirty 
and badly ventilated stables. 
Garget or Mammitis 
I have a young cow that is affected 
with garget and would like your advice 
as to treatment. R. A. 11 . 
Essex Co., N. Y, 
When applying to this department for 
advice regarding a sick animal, it is neces¬ 
sary to furnish a detailed description of 
the symptoms present and to add all other 
particulars that may help the veterinarian 
to determine the exact nature of the con¬ 
dition so that appropriate treatment may 
be prescribed. Garget, technically termed 
mammitis or mastitis, which means in- 
flamation of the mammary or milk secret¬ 
ing glands of the udder, occurs in several 
different forms and may become chronic. 
Simple attacks, not due to germs, are 
caused by chill, bruise, coming in heat, 
change of feed, prolonged feeding of ex¬ 
cessively rich protein rations, change of 
milkers, irregular, incomplete or rough 
milking, running by dogs, etc. In all 
severe eases, where the cow loses ap¬ 
petite, has fever, is stiff or lame and 
shows great swelling, heat, pain and red¬ 
ness of the udder in one quarter or all of 
it, and the milk is much changed in ap¬ 
pearance, consistency and quality, germ 
infection is the cause. The germs most 
commonly responsible for such an attack 
are streptococci and severe mammitis is 
therefore termed streptococcic and infec¬ 
tious. In the chronic form of mammitis 
streptococci may be associated with other 
germ-eaused cases, employ a veterinarian 
at once. He should try hypodermic 
treatment with mastitis baeterin for 
streptococcic infection and the mixed 
baeterin in chronic cases. Irrigation of 
the udder with a mild boric acid solution 
may help, or it may be inflated with 
ether volatilized by a special apparatus. 
Hot bathing or poulticing will be in order. 
Twice daily rub in a mixture of equal 
quantities of carbolized oil, camphorated 
oil and compound soap liniment, or 
campho-phenique, iodine ointment or 
mercurial ointment may be used at the 
discretion of the veterinarian. Few 
severe streptococcic attacks are perfectly 
recovered from, the attacked quarter 
usually being left affected with chronic 
mammitis so that the milk is dangerous 
and the infection may spread from such 
a cow to healthy cows. 
Mange: Hand Milking; Fleas 
1. One of my horses lias what I believe 
.to be the mange. I have treated with 
dips according to directions thoroughly 
and repeatedly. But to no avail. What 
can be done? 2. A three-year-old heifer 
which has just freshened for the first 
time milks very hard, though her teats 
and udder are well formed. Will any¬ 
thing except surgery help? 3. My shep¬ 
herd dog has fleas. Her inner coat of 
very, fine short hairs makes it nearly im¬ 
possible to use a powder effectively. Is 
there something I could give her a bath 
in that would kill fleas? h. d. r. 
New York. 
1. True parasitic mange fortunately is not 
very common in horses that are not kept 
in a large stable. It was common in the 
army horses during the late war and was 
successfully treated by exposure of the 
clipped animal to the fumes of burning 
sulphur conducted into a tight box in 
which the horse was secured, with his 
head and neck protruding. The latter 
parts are treated afterward by local ap¬ 
plication. If it is certain that your horse 
has mange and your veterinarian can de¬ 
in truth, the sheep keep him. 
cording to directions given by (he manu¬ 
facturer. Freshly powdered pyrethrum 
worked into the fur and then blanketing 
the animal for 15 or 20 minutes, to be 
followed by a thorough brushing and 
combing should get rid of the fleas. 
Sprinkling spirits of camphor freely upon 
the blanket or large wrapping towel may 
also help. 
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Many city people form their opinion of 
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