524 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 22, 1924 
FARQUHAR 
“Quiver Shake” 
Threshers 
are not surpassed for 
clean, fast threshing. The 
“Quiver Shaking Shoe” 
has no side shake or long 
end shake, but does a 
perfect job of cleaning. 
Ask for complete de¬ 
scription and be your own 
judge as to its dependable 
service. 
A. B. FARQUHAR, CO. Limited 
Manufacturers of 
Steam Engines, Boilers, Sawmills, 
Cider Presses, Implements 
Box 630, York, Pa. 
and Metal Corn Crib 
T HOUSANDS of farmers have paid 
for their farms on money made by 
storing their silage in Indiana Silos. 
More than 80,000 are now in use. They 
pay for themselves in a short time — 
and build up your soil. 
Save your dry grain and mature corn 
in an Indiana Metal crib. Strong¬ 
ly built, thoroughly ventilated— 
it is a permanent improvement 
on the farm. Write today for our 
special low prjce early buyers’ 
proposition. Just a few 
^Agencies left. 
The Indiana Silo 
& Tractor Co. 
Anderson, Ind. 
“Dept 43 
INDIANA 
1ANA 
IP 
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or Shoulder, Knee, Ankle. Hoof orTendon Disease. 
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IR0T CHEMICAL CO., 324 State St„ Binghamton, N. Y. 
At Druggists and Dealers 
With Signed Contract or sent prepaid. 
THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST 
Especially when it costs no more than the other 
and there is great satisfaction in having one 
thing better than your neighbors. When they 
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BOND STEEL POST CO.. 38 East Maumee Si., Adrian, Mich. 
FARM PROFIT LEAKS 
may be stopped by practical 
co-operation. The new book : 
“Organized Co-operation” 
by John J. Dillon tells how. 
Price, One Dollar. For sale by 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th Street New York 
Another Team of Working Cattle 
We seem to be long on pictures of 
working cattle this season. Through¬ 
out New England there is undoubtedly 
a comeback ou the part of the working 
ox. Just what this means we do not 
know, but some of these old-time farm¬ 
ers refer to oxen as their hide-tractors, 
and sucli a tractor works well when 
one knows how to drive oxen properly 
to get great work out of them. The 
oxen here shown work on what is 
known as Orchard Farm, owned by 
Frank Savage, Somerset Co., Me. He 
says this is the kind of a tractor to 
work among the stones. These cattle 
are worked on the farm in the Summer 
and in Winter they go into the woods to 
haul logs, and at both jobs they are ex¬ 
perts. Mr. Savage says that he has 
driven oxen for 50 years, and he never 
saw the pair that could trim these fel¬ 
lows on a stone-drag, and what he 
means by trimming is to haul a heavier 
load. Mr. Savage says that when they 
get down to business and lift their 
shoulders under the yoke they make 
that chain twang like the low tones on 
a banjo, and anything that can bring 
music out of a chain in that way is cer¬ 
tainly full of power. 
Various Live Stock Questions 
1. Is it harmful to give chickens 
warm water on cold days? I am inex¬ 
perienced and was told warm water is 
harmful. 2. How many times a day 
should I water cows in the Winter 
months? 3. I am giving my cows corn¬ 
stalks and what remains they leave I use 
for bedding. Will this make a fertilizer 
and how? 4. How many times a week 
should I give my cows salt? 5. Will it 
pay me to raise my own calves or sell 
them, as I do not keep a dairy? 
New York. M. I. K. 
1. I do not see how warmed water can 
harm fowls; probably it is of no greater 
value than water with the chill taken off 
in very cold weather. 
2. Twice daily. 
3. It will make fertilizer when rotted. 
Unrotted stalks are a nuisance when 
handling manure, but they finally make 
good plant food. 
4. Better give a little salt daily, or 
several times a week, than to let the 
animals get so hungry for it that they 
eat it as they could cornmeal when it 
is given. 
5. Whether it will pay or not depends 
upon circumstances. Unless so situated 
that you can raise calves without using 
much purchased food, it is a question 
whether it is an economical practice from 
a purely money standpoint. It is a lot 
of fun, however, and you stand a fair 
chance of raising a better cow than you 
can buy at the same cost, if you can 
use a purebred hull. More than that, 
an animal raised upon the place is a 
source of satisfaction, if a good one, that 
a purchased animal never is. If you have 
plenty of skim-milk, raising a calf is not 
a burdensome matter. If I kept three 
cows. I should want to raise a calf from 
the best one every year or two, if only 
for the satisfaction of seeing it grow up 
into a mature cow. M. b. d. 
Pig Lame From Rickets 
Can you tell me what is the matter 
with my pig six months old ? It was 
doing fine but seems to be stiff in all the 
legs. He is on a board floor covered with 
litter and has had no chance to catch 
cold. j. A. S. 
Rhode Island 
It is quite evident that your pig is 
afflicted with rickets, a disease similar to 
bowed legs in a child. It is common in 
young growing animals under certain ad¬ 
verse or aggravating circumstances and 
conditions which are now better under¬ 
stood than was the case a short time 
ago. It has been found by the research 
scientists in nutrition that when young 
rats are kept in a box covered with glass 
and fed on an ordinary or average sup¬ 
porting ration they become afflicted with 
rickets, fail to develop and do not re¬ 
produce. Rats of like age and fed in the 
same way but kept in a box open to the 
direct rays of the sun do not contract 
rickets, grow normally and reproduce 
naturally. What then is the cause? That 
was a puzzle for a time, but it was dis¬ 
covered and proved that the ultra-violet 
rays of the sun do not penetrate glass 
and that when kept out rickets develops 
in growing animals. It was further 
proved that when ricket-affected rats 
were exposed to the direct unimpeded 
rays of the sun, rickets subsided. This 
led to the discovery that the ultra-violet 
rays cause the depositing of lime salts in 
the bones and of phosphorus in the blood, 
both of which effects prevent and also 
remedy rickets. The same truths apply 
to the growth and full development of 
other young animals and of children. 
The direct sunlight must be permitted to 
perform its beneficent functions if they 
are to thrive and grow into perfect de¬ 
velopment. 
Adequate feeding of complete rations is 
also imperative and cod liver oil is still 
a sovereign remedy for rickets and also 
prevents it, as it contains vitamines 
which have that effect. We feel sure 
that the condition of your pig is due to 
lack of direct sunshine and to incomplete 
feeding and lack of exercise. At once 
move it into a place where it can be ex¬ 
posed daily to sunlight that is not filtered 
through glass There feed it a tablespoon 
of cod liver oil twice daily and increase 
Tie amount if that is found necessary. 
Also supply skim-milk as a drink, allow 
free access to Alfalfa or clover hay and 
feed mixed feed, such as wheat middlings, 
ground corn or barley and a little bran 
and oilmeal or digester tankage The two 
last mentioned feeds are particularly nec¬ 
essary if skim-milk and Alfalfa hay can¬ 
not be fed. Also allow the pig to help 
itself to salt, air-slaked lime, and wood- 
ashes or steamed bone meal. 
Raw or Pasteurized Milk 
I have built up a nice milk route, 
about 500 quarts. I am buying pure 
clean Guernsey milk. I could buy 
tuberculin-tested milk, but it is not 
clean and does not keep. A new man 
bought out a route here in town of about 
000 quarts, and he is selling pasteurized 
milk. How much better is pasteurized 
milk than pure whole Guernsey milk that 
is milked at night, and delivered in time 
for breakfast next morning? J. A. s. 
Pasteurization of milk, when properly 
done, is the best safeguard the consumer 
has against disease spread. The only 
kind of milk that approaches safety is 
certified raw milk and, in a less degree, 
milk from tuberculin-tested cows. It is 
to be regretted that often milk is misused 
during or after pasteurization. In such 
event it becomes a menace to public 
health. It is up to the citizens of any 
community to insist on proper supervision 
and control of milk plants so that they 
may be reasonably sure the milk is safe. 
Clean, raw milk is commendable as 
compared to dirty, contaminated milk of 
any kind, but when the question of safety 
arises and one seeks to protect the con¬ 
sumer against the spread of disease, then 
he must resort to the best known methods 
of securing safety. Pasteurization is the 
best method now known. Other methods 
may some day be devised. Certified milk, 
because of the strict supervision over its 
production, is considered safe. Milk from 
tuberculin-tested cows should provide a 
factor of safety against the spread of 
tuberculosis. Ordinary raw milk should 
not be considered as good as the others 
when looked at in the light of safety. All 
milk should be clean and wholesome, and 
when all milk is thus placed on the same 
basis ordinary raw milk is considered less 
desirable by the health authorities of our 
municipalities than properly pasteurized 
milk. j. w. b. 
Countrywide Produce Situation 
POTATOES MOVING WELL; EARLY CROP 
WILL BE LARGE; MORE ASPARAGUS TO 
COME ; APPLE MARKET STANDS HARD 
TEST. 
The potato situation is working out as 
well as could be expected. The city mar¬ 
kets are using about 1,000 cars daily. 
The price has held at about the same 
level all the month, although at times 
shov ing the pressure of heavy supply. 
Prices at city markets range from $1.50 
to $2 per 100 lbs., and in the country 
from 75c to $1.50. In the Northeast, 
that is, mostly New York, Pennsylvania 
and Maine, the farmers have been re¬ 
ceiving a little margin over the cost of 
production and have in some districts 
made a start on cleaning up old bills 
which were the result of three unprofit¬ 
able potato seasons preceding. It looks 
as if the crop would just about clean out 
if the demand continues good. 
MORE SOUTHERN POTATOES 
There will be a little southern compe¬ 
tition soon, and more later. Florida has 
planted more potatoes than ever before 
and will ship some in April. The other 
Southern States are not increasing much, 
except \ irginia which plants about half 
the entile southern early potato acreage 
and is slightly exceeding past records so 
far as can be learned from early reports. 
Virginia comes too late to compete with 
the old crop, but Louisiana and the Caro- 
linas sometimes obligingly assist in the 
disposal of the last of the old stock by 
coming along a little late and sparingly 
with the new crop. Whether they will do 
so this year will depend upon the weather. 
The southern potato acreage, as it looks 
now, is the largest for many years except 
in 1922. Growers of early potatoes in 
the North will be taking some chances. 
There will be plenty of competition in 
July and August if all goes well in the 
South. 
CUTTING THE STRAWBERRY ACREAGE 
The situation is otherwise with straw¬ 
berries. After half a dozen years of in¬ 
creased planting, the acreage shows the 
first recent decrease. There is some loss 
in area planted in all important sections, 
but last season’s drouth in the 'South¬ 
west may be responsible for the great fall¬ 
ing off in Tennessee, Kentucky and Ar¬ 
kansas. 
Asparagus is still gaining. The coun¬ 
try’s acreage has increased 40 per cent 
since 1920, gaining some every year. It 
has more than doubled in California, 
Georgia and South Carolina. It shows a 
steady gain also in the northern aspara¬ 
gus States, New Jersey, Illinois and 
Massachusetts. 'California raises more 
asparagus than the other States com¬ 
bined, but three-fourths of it goes into 
cans. California south of San Francisco 
is short of water this season for irri¬ 
gation and power and may not be able to 
ship its tremendous quota of asparagus, 
cantaloupes, onions, peaches, oranges and 
the rest. 
The eastern apple market has had a 
severe test this year and has stood it 
very well considering the shipments of 
(something like 120.000 carloads, with 
more to come. Probatdy only the light 
crop of Winter apples in New York saved 
the market and it is noi cut of the w y oods 
yet, with more apples still in cold stor¬ 
age than are usually on hand the first 
part of the season. G. B. F. 
Whittier, Cal., was settled by Quak¬ 
ers, and there are still a good many of 
that denomination left. The usual other 
churches are not lacking, however, and 
one of these claims the following inci¬ 
dent : Sunday school had been in progress 
half an hour when a wiry small boy came 
in dragging behind him a slightly larger 
girl, red-faced and expostulating. “Why, 
Gordon!” asked his teacher, hurrying 
toward them. “Doesn’t the little girl 
want to come?” “No, ma’am, she’d 
rather go to her own Sunday school; 
but you said each one of us was to bring 
a Friend today and this was the only one 
I could get.”—Everybody’s Magazine. 
