The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
589 
Apple Maggot 
»«■ 
My Baldwin apples have lots of small 
brown spots (apparently first stages of 
decay) distributed throughout the flesh, 
though the skin may seem normal. Could 
you tell me what the trouble is. and its 
prevention? w. n. w. 
Towanda, N. Y. 
We are reminded of apple maggot by 
your description. The work of this insect 
varies from large tunnels to small thread¬ 
like burrows—neither visible from the 
outside appearance of the fruit excepting 
from occasional sunken areas where the 
flesh has given way or growth has been 
checked. Recommendations for control 
consist in spraying with arsenate of lead, 
4 lbs. to 100 gals, of water, about the 
first week in July. Ordinarily clean cul¬ 
tivation and systematic spraying for the 
codling moth will hold this insect m 
check. h. b. t. 
An Uncommon Fungus on Apple Shoots 
1. What is the matter with my fruit 
trees, now six years old? I am inclosing 
a twig from one which is representative of 
a number both pear and apple, but prin¬ 
cipally grafts put in two years ago. These 
grew very rapidly, and in some cases it 
looks as if they actually split, they grew 
so fast. The next stage after the sample 
sent, is the peeling off of the dead bark 
and the cambium layer healing just like 
any wound. This is a great hiding place 
for lice and the downy scale. A great 
many of the tips of my little limbs have 
died also. These were three-year-old 
trees when I set them out, and I followed 
all directions as laid down in the pamph¬ 
lets got out by the State. I fertilize with 
hen manure and have put from time to 
time, coal ashes around them, also wood 
ashes as I have had them. 2. What is 
your opinion of oil sprays for a dormant 
spray? 3. Is it all right to peel off the 
tent-caterpillar eggs where you do not 
wish to cut the twig? N. F. M. 
Hingham, Mass. 
1. If it is any satisfaction to N. F. M. 
to know that the twigs which he sent were 
affected with a very uncommon—almost 
rare—trouble, then we will tell him that 
such is the case. The organism responsi¬ 
ble has been described only within the 
last two or three years, one of the cyti- 
sporas, recognizable under the microscope 
as having curved, elliptical spores. The 
twigs that were sent were dotted with 
small black dot-like fruiting bodies which 
had pushed their way through the split 
and peeling bark. All that is known re¬ 
garding this trouble is that it occurs most 
frequently where Winter injury has been 
experienced, or where the twigs are in a 
devitalized condition. Since the growth 
of the trees would indicate no lack of 
vigor we should suggest attention to guard 
against Winter injury. Excessive fertil¬ 
izer applications will promote a growth 
liable to Winter injury while the use of 
a cover crop will help to ripen the wood 
so as to put it into better condition for 
W inter. 
2. Oil sprays are successfully used for 
dormant sprays. 
3. If for some reason or other it is not 
feasible to cut the twig on which is lo¬ 
cated the egg mass of the tent caterpillar 
there is no objection to removing the eggs 
and destroying them in some other way. 
H. B. T. 
Raising Onions and Tomatoes 
I want to raise onions from seeds. 
The soil is black and rich as I consider 
it. What kind of onion would you select? 
1 have plenty of stable manure and wood 
ashes. Is that good for onions? How 
should I use it and when is the best time 
to sow the seed? I also would like to 
know how to .«et tomato plants in the 
open. v. B. 
Connecticut. 
If the soil is rich I would not advise 
V. R. to use any manure on onion ground 
as it makes the ground very weedy. Sow 
the wood ashes broadcast after plowing 
and harrow in. If the onions are wanted 
for Fall or early Winter market I would 
sow Prizetaker, as it is larger than most 
sorts. If to keep through Winter South- 
port Yellow Globe. Sow the seed as 
soon as the ground is dry enough to plow. 
Sow tomato seed in hotbed, eight rows 
under a 3xG sash. As soon as plants are 
large enough transplant in cold frame, 
about 150 plants under each sash. When 
days are warm strip sash off so as grad¬ 
ually to harden off, and .set plants in 
open ground May 15 to 20. 3 1 / 2 ft. apart 
in rows, and rows 4 ft. apart. 
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RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th Street New York City 
