Ihe RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
691 
The hay is of excellent feeding value, being equal or 
superior to any. For hay the crop may be grown 
solid or in rows. If the land is of good average 
fertility and not foul with weeds, a better yield of 
hay will usually be obtained by drilling with ordi¬ 
nary grain drill or broadcasting, using about five to 
seven pecks per acre of seed. Drilling is better, as 
the seed is more uniformly distributed, and better 
covered. On light soils or fields which are weedy, 
better results are obtained by drilling in 28-in. rows 
and cultivating as for potatoes or beans. Under 
dry conditions the row system does better than the 
solid method. Soy beans may be planted in 28-iu. 
rows with the grain drill, by leaving open the sec¬ 
ond. sixth and tenth hole. The beans should be 
dropped about 3 to 4 in. apart in the row. Soy beans 
Soy Beans a Sure Hay Crop 
L OW COST HAY.—Increase in acreage of Soy 
beans, 300 per cent—such is the record of corn- 
belt farmers. The increase is largest in Illinois 
and Indiana, where it reaches in some sections 500 
per cent. Look over the farms growing Soy beans 
and you will find they are considerably above aver¬ 
age. They are operated by men who do not rush 
into untried things, or fake crops, but are quick to 
adapt to their own advantage a proven fact. The 
Soy bean crop lias a place in the East, and should 
receive more consideration when planning our 1921 
cropping system. Soy beans are easy to grow, and 
produce a hay of high protein content. I would not 
advocate doing away with crops of Alfalfa or Red 
clover, 'but Soy beans often make good growth on 
soils that are too low in organic matter to produce 
Alfalfa and clover. Soy bean hay is more nutritious 
than millet hay, and could well be used in place of 
millets, except on low, wet soils, where the millets 
will undoubtedly do better. I surely would recom¬ 
mend the use of Soy beans before seeding with 
South American Alfalfa or European clover seed, 
which are not hardy enough to withstand well the 
Winters and Springs of the North. 
PUTTING IN THE CROP.—Soy beans grow on 
all types of well-drained soils. Although they make 
considerable growth on soils which are somewhat 
acid, they do better if soil is well supplied with lime. 
If the soil is thin and impoverished, 200 to 300 lbs. 
of acid phosphate per acre will normally show bene¬ 
ficial results, but on our average New York soils no 
fertilizer other than stable manure is necessary, al¬ 
though 150 lbs. acid phosphate usually helps. For a 
good crop the young plants must be coming through 
the ground within four to seven days from planting. 
This means a good seed bed. shallow planting, 
ground friable, soil free of crusts. The seed must be 
strong and quick growing; old slow germinating 
seed, or seed which does not produce sturdy sprouts, 
will not produce satisfactory crops. The ground 
should be carefully fitted, much the same as for po¬ 
tatoes or corn, making a clean, deep and mellow 
seed bed. If not plowed in the Fall the land should 
be plowed as early in the Spring as possible, and 
harrowed regularly up to planting time. 
SHALLOW SEEDING.—It is very important to 
plant shallow, or a poor stand will result, for the 
Soy beau seedling has not the power to push itself 
through a deep covering of soil; iy> to 2 in. is best 
depth. In light soils seed sometimes is not wed 
covered. A good rolling, especially with a corru¬ 
gated roller, will usually correct this trouble. Should 
a hard crust form on the surface before the seed¬ 
lings come through, a weeder or smoothing harrow 
should be immediately used, or the crust will reduce 
the stand. As a rule the 
best time to plant Soy 
beans is right after 
c o r n planting time. 
From May 20 to June 
20 is usually satisfac¬ 
tory for hay in our 
more northern terri¬ 
tories, but in warmer 
sections planting may 
be done somewhat 
earlier. 
I NOG U L AT I ON.—Ia- 
oculation will pay well 
for the little extra time 
and expense involved. 
Not only is the yield in¬ 
creased, but the num¬ 
ber of the nitrogenous- 
gathering bacteria is 
increased, which per- , 
mits greater drawing of 
free nitrogen from the 
air. On poor soil it is 
more than likely the 
growth will be poor if 
seed is not inoculated; Field Dag For 
however, on good rich 
soil the Soy beans will usually make a good growth 
without inoculation, but it is robbing the soil of 
nitrogen instead of building up the nitrogen content 
of the soil. It is thus apparent that in either case it 
will pay to inoculate before seeding. Good inoculat¬ 
ing material is obtainable at small cost, and it is 
readily applied in a few minutes. 
GROWING AND MAKING HAY.—Two tons of 
air-dry leguminous hay is a good average yield, al¬ 
though yields of three tons are not uncommon. On 
poor soils, especially if they are inclined to be acid, 
one' should be satisfied with V/> tons of hay. 
Soy bean-Sudan grass mixture is commonly seeded 
at the rate of about five pecks of Soy to 12 to 15 lbs. 
Sudan grass, broadcasting the crop and slightly cov¬ 
ering the seed with moist soil. There are some in¬ 
stances in New York State where Soy beans and 
millets are mixed, but this does not seem to be a 
feasible plan. In the first place, millets are better 
adapted to moist soils, and do not do welt on dry 
soil, while the Soy beans do especially well on light 
soils, and are not particularly well adapted to wet 
soils. A. L. BIBBIN8. 
Mrs. Annie Pike Greenwood—“the Sagebrush School- 
ma’am,” whose notes from Idaho have been greatly 
appreciated by our people. 
should be cut for hay when the pods are well 
formed and seeds somewhat developed, but before 
the leaves turn yellow. If left much later the stems 
harden and leaves drop, leaving a hay of lower pro¬ 
tein content and one poorer in quality. The crop 
should be mowed after the dew is off. After it is 
well wilted it may be raked to cure in windrow and 
cock. Should rain fall the cocks should be turned 
Transplanting Evergreens 
I have two beautiful Ivoster blue spruce about 12 ft. 
high. What is the best time and way to transplant 
in the neighboring lot about 100 ft. away? What seed¬ 
lings are used for grafting small branches of these two 
Colorado blue spruces, and how is this done and at 
what time of the year? e. j. it. 
E VERGREENS can be transplanted at any time 
of the year excepting when they are in full leaf 
in midsummer. The best success is attendant upon 
transplanting in the Spring just when the buds be¬ 
gin to swell. Another favorable time is from the 
end of August to the middle of September, provided 
the ground is wet and there is plenty of rain. The 
main thing to keep in mind with evergreens is that 
the roots are very susceptible to injury from drying 
out, and that therefore they must be kept covered 
and moist while the tree is being transplanted. By 
far the easiest time to move the trees is in the 
•Winter when the ground is frozen. A trench should 
be dug about 3 ft. wider than the ball of earth 
which is to be taken with the roots, the roots cut 
off on the outside of the trench, and the dirt care¬ 
fully excavated from between the roots back to the 
ball that is to remain and either bent around the 
ball or cut off. A canvas covering should then be 
slipped over the ball as much as possible, the tap 
roots being cut off from under with a saw. A plat¬ 
form can then be run under the tree from one side 
when the tree is bent over, lashed to the platform, 
and transported to its new resting place. For a 
tree 8 to 10 ft. high a ball of earth 3 ft. in diameter 
should be left, while for a tree 15 ft. in height a 
ball 4% ft. in diameter is desirable. Since the foli¬ 
age of evergreens offers much resistance to the wind, 
the tree should be guyed in place until it is firmly 
established. 
The Norway spruce, Picea Abies, is commonly 
used as a stock for spruce. The stock is potted one 
year before it is to be used, if possible, and the 
grafting is done as near the root as possible just 
when the plants show' young roots. The veneer 
graft is used in grafting evergreens, in which the 
bark of both stock and scion is removed for about 
an inch and the two placed tightly together and 
bound firmly. In four 
to six weeks, when the 
graft begins to grow 
out, the string should 
be loosened so as not to 
constrict the growth, 
yet it should not lie re¬ 
moved entirely. When 
the graft is growing 
well, the stock should 
be cut back to within 
0 in. of the ground, yet 
leaving enough side 
shoots to keep the stock 
growing, h. is. tukey. 
Simple Facts About 
Chicken Manure 
ode. District No. 13 Osivegatchie, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. Fig. 245 
over and opened up a bit, and in a couple of hours 
the hay will be found in good condition. 
‘SOY BEANS AND SUDAN GRASS.—In the vicin¬ 
ity of Deposit, N. Y., which lies just east of Bing- 
hamton, it is reported that some farmers have ex¬ 
perienced success in growing a combination of Soy 
beans and Sudan grass. The idea is to get a greater 
yield of hay by the mixture, and from the fact that 
the Soy beans are a legume the feeding value of the 
hay is better than straight Sudan grass would be. 
This system is coming into vogue in the corn licit, 
and gives promise of having considerable merit. The 
N spite of all that we 
can do it seems im¬ 
possible to get our read¬ 
ers to remember the 
facts about using chic¬ 
ken manure. We re¬ 
ceive hurried calls or 
even telegrams asking 
for information which 
we have given at least a dozen times in The It. N.-Y. 
Good chicken manure is the most valuable of all the 
animal manures, especially when the pure article is 
used, without too much litter or trash. The chief 
reason for this superiority is the fact that the liquids 
of the fowl are not voided separate from the solids, 
but together, and. as we all know, the most valuable 
part of any animal manure is found in the liquids. 
In order to retain the full value of chicken manure 
it must be promptly dried, as when moist consider¬ 
able of the ammonia will be passed away in the 
form of a gas. The best plan is to dry out the ma- 
