vni t VVYTTT Published Weekly by The Rural Publishing Co.. 
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NEW YORK. MAY 10, 1024 
Entered as Second-Class Matter, June 20, 
Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of 
Post 
1870. 
NO. 4704 
= 
Culture of Dwarf Apple Trees 
OUCIN AND PARADISE STOCK.—Having re¬ 
cently received a number of inquiries in rela¬ 
tion to this class of trees, will reply through The R. 
X.-Y. Having had a long experience with these 
trees, I should be able to give some definite informa¬ 
tion upon the subject. Dwarf tree* are the result of 
a class that naturally is smaller because of a smaller 
growth of roots. There are two types, the Paradise, 
which makes a low growth of tree, usually not above 
to or 12 ft., and the Doucin, a half dwarf that will 
ground, with many of the roots exposed. It did not 
take long to decide that there was no value in com¬ 
mercial culture of that class of trees, thus planted. 
However, the experiment was not given up. The 
trees were straightened up, four heavy furrows were 
plowed against them, and the earth banked against 
the bodies 18 in. up. The trees made strong growth, 
while the apples developed to unusual size, and very 
fine quality. The closer I studied the growth of 
those tree* the more I became convinced the Euro- 
for American apples ever sold in the English mar¬ 
ket.’’ While this apple does not reach above 2)4 
in. size in England for the largest, we packed 2% 
in. size. The apples were thinned, taking oft' 00 per 
cent of the crop set. 
OBJECTIONS TO DWARF TREES.—The gen¬ 
eral advice from our scientific authorities has been 
that commercial planting of dwarf trees is not de¬ 
sirable for the following reasons: That trees do not 
thrive; too high cost, for culture; too much cost for 
giffe 
A Holstem-Frie&ian Herd in Chautauqua County, N. Y. Fiy. 272 
grow to somewhat over 20 ft- in height, it having a 
larger development of roots. 
EXPERIENCE WITH RED ASTRACH AX.—Over 
40 years ago I received from Washington a quantity 
of Doucin trees of the Astrachan variety, to test 
their value for commercial planting. Excellent soil 
was selected, limestone gravel loam; the rrees were 
planted after the European method of placing the 
union of the stocks close to the surface of the soil. 
The trees made excellent growth, and came into lib- 
" oral bearing the fourth year. Following a terrific 
rain and wind storm in the night, I went in the 
morning to see it injury had been done to these 
rrees, when I found every tree lying flat on the 
pean system of shallow planting of dwarf trees 
was not suited to our climate. 
COX’S ORANGE PIPPIN.—Another piece of land 
was prepared, and 100 trees of Cox’s Orange Pippin 
(a rare English apple) were imported from England. 
The trees were propagated on Doucin roots, and in 
planting the union of the stocks was put down 5 in. 
below the surface and the soil put well iqi on the 
bodies. These trees made exceedingly .strong growth 
and,when the fruit was sufficient in quantity for box 
shipment, it was shipped to London 1 and Liverpool, 
where it is best known and highly prized. After the 
sale of this first shipment, the firm that sold the 
fruit sent the following cable: “The highest price 
keeping out sucker growth from roots; too small 
yield of fruit. The reason that dwarf trees have 
not thrived in our country is because of following 
methods not suited to our climate. Excessive cost 
for cutting out of sucker growth is evidence that the 
roots of the trees have been injured by our cold 
Winters and often hot. dry Summers. Root injury, 
from any cause, always results in sucker growth, in 
effort of the tree to save itself. 
DISTANCE AND DEPTH OF PLANTING.— 
Many nursery catalogues advise to plant dwarf trees 
8 to 1G ft. apart, when- 30 to 40 ft. is necessary with 
Paradise, planted in the rows one way only. Most 
scientific authorities have advised that deep planting 
