The RURAL NF. W - YORKER 
887 
Horticultural Notes 
The Apple Maggot 
When we ask a station entomologist 
how we can save our apple crops from 
the railroad maggot, he tells us to pick 
up the fallen fruit, but you know very 
well there are miles of apple trees stand¬ 
ing alongside of stone walls; that these 
places are inaccessible; that the fruit 
falls among the stones, form a perpetual 
paradise for the maggot. The situation 
is serious, and growing more so each 
year, and will soon, at present rate, 
spread all over New England, destroying 
many thousands of orchards. Spraying 
is useless, as the insect lays its eggs un¬ 
der the skin. I wish you would take this 
matter up with Prof. Herrick and ask 
him if there is a parasite. F. c. C. 
Bridgton, Me. 
The apple maggot is remarkably free 
from parasites. So far as the writer 
knows, but one species of parasite has 
ever been bred from the maggots and 
one from the egg. The former is appar¬ 
ently rare, while the latter seems to be 
in some regions, at least, rather abund¬ 
ant and effective. We do not believe, 
however, that it is feasible or practicable 
to attempt to control this insect with 
parasites; at least, not without perhaps 
years of further study and experiment. 
Our hope of control lies for the present 
in spraying and cultivation. 
Experiments extending over several 
years in New York State, and in Nova 
Scotia and Ontario, Canada, demonstrate 
that the apple maggot can be controlled 
by spraying the infested trees with a 
poison bait. The poison consists of ar¬ 
senate of lead, 2V2 lbs. of the powdered 
or 5 lbs. of the paste form, to 100 gallons 
of water. In general, two applications 
should be made, the first during the last 
days of June or the very first days of 
July, and the second about two weeks 
thereafter. 
The spraying should be done rather 
thoroughly, although there appears to be 
no need of coating the tree as completely 
as one would when spraying for the cod¬ 
ling moth, for example. The applications 
can be made more quickly and with less 
material than in usual spraying opera¬ 
tions. All apple trees on the farm, espe¬ 
cially those about the house and harn. 
should be sprayed to prevent the maggot 
from breeding undisturbed on such trees. 
If there is an infested orchard near by, 
the owner should be induced if possible 
to spray it as a matter of protection. 
In addition to the spraying it would be 
advisable to cultivate the orchard rather 
thoroughly, at least during the first two 
or three years while the maggot is being 
brought under control. It seems prob¬ 
able, from the experience of practical 
fruit growers, that after the maggot has 
once been brought under control, the or¬ 
dinary codling moth sprays given after 
the petals fall and again three weeks 
later, would suffice to control the flies. 
GLENN W. HERRICK. 
Countrywide Produce Situation 
APPLES CLOSING OUT SLOWLY—WHAT IS 
THE LEADING KIND?—WINESAP GAIN¬ 
ING-POPULAR NEWCOMERS ■— PEAK OF 
THE STRAWBERRY SEASON. 
Apples are coming to market a few 
hundred carloads per week, mostly from 
Western New York and Washington. 
The price holds as for some time past. 
Few Baldwins bring more than $3.50 per 
bbl., and standard kinds of Western ap¬ 
ples sell at $2 to $2.50 per box. It has 
been a tremendous season for apples. 
The total shipments will be close to 135,- 
000 carloads. Few previous seasons have 
exceeded 100,000. These carlot ship¬ 
ments comprise about four-fifths of the 
apple supply of the large city markets. 
They are made up chiefly of about a doz¬ 
en standard varieties. The apple books 
list about 7,000 varieties, but few of them 
appear in the market to any important 
extent. 
Not long ago the statement was made 
by a correspondent of The R. N.-Y. that 
the McIntosh stands next to the Baldwin 
in popularity. The assertion seems mis¬ 
leading in any general sense. The McIn¬ 
tosh is little known except in a few large 
markets of the Northeast, especially in 
New Y T ork and Boston. It is grown only 
on the northern side of the apple belt and 
chiefly in Eastern New York, New Eng¬ 
land. Michigan, Wisconsin, the Bitter 
Root Valley in Montana and in the prov¬ 
inces of British Columbia and Ontario in 
Canada. In 1923 over 60.000 McIntosh 
trees were set in Canadian orchards, 
where it led all varieties in this respect, 
but the commercial apple crop of Can¬ 
ada is only one-sixth that of the United 
States, and the McIntosh trees are. many 
of them, below bearing age. In the Unit¬ 
ed States at least half a dozen or prob¬ 
ably a dozen kinds exceed the McIntosh 
in production. 
SIX LEADING APPLES 
The first six are the Baldwin, Ben 
Davis, Winesap. York, Greening and 
Jonathan. All these are long-keepers ex¬ 
cept the Jonathan. A variety which 
keeps well in cold storage until only the 
first of the year is hardly likely to ap¬ 
proach the Baldwin in popularity because 
there is not time enough to consume a 
very heavy production. Even in the Mc¬ 
Intosh season and territory the Duchess 
of Oldenburg and the Wealthy are far 
better known and more extensively grown 
than the McIntosh and are more reliable 
and productive, although far below in 
quality and appearance. The McIntosh 
may be fairly considered one of the most 
popular of the newcomers, competing at 
quite even pace with the Delicious and 
Stayman, which are gaining very fast in 
the Northwest and the South, just as the 
McIntosh is gaining in the North. 
BALDWINS NOT SECURE 
Speaking of the most popular apples, 
even the Baldwin and Ben Davis are by 
no means secure in their commercial 
leadership. It appears that about as 
many care of Winesaps were shipped the 
past season as of either Baldwin or Ben 
Davis. Two little sections of the State 
of Washington, the Wenatchee and Yaki¬ 
ma Valleys, shipped about 12,000 cars of 
the Winesap, compared with about 12.000 
cars of the Baldwin from New York, 
New England and Michigan, the great 
Baldwin strongholds. Shipments of the 
two kinds from other sections probably 
nearly balance. Virginia and West Vir¬ 
ginia ship about 25 per cent Winesap, 
and there are a great many raised in the 
Middle West. There are some Baldwins 
also in the Middle West and many in 
Pennsylvania and various other States. 
The Winesap and its promising relative, 
the Stayman, are being heavily planted in 
the South and the Northwest. In the 
Shenandoah Valley in May the writer 
rode through miles of orchard in a solid 
block of not less than 50.000 trees, mostly 
Winesap, York and Stayman. The trees 
are filled with fruit, for these kinds ave 
usually annual bearers, which gives them 
an advantage over the Baldwin and 
Greening. No such extensive planting 
has been done in the Baldwin territory of 
late years. Virginia had over 8,000 ap¬ 
ple trees not yet of bearing age in the 
year of the census. Most Northern sec¬ 
tions the past 10 years have been plant¬ 
ing hardly fast enough to replace the old 
orchards. Most Baldwin orchards are 
old and becoming older year by yeax\ 
This variety seems likely to stay at. the 
head in quantity produced in the North, 
but probably not when all the apple re¬ 
gions are considered together. 
OTHER ORCHARD LEADERS 
The Ben Davis has been losing ground 
in the Middle West because of blister, 
canker, freezing, low prices, and neglect. 
It occupies a space in the West like the 
Baldwin in the East in such States as 
Missouri, Arkansas, Illinois, Nebraska 
and Kansas, and is next to the York in 
West Virginia and possibly in Virginia ; 
but the total commercial production i« 
far below the Baldwin. It cannot be said 
that the Baldwin takes second place. Pro¬ 
portions of the commercial varieties vary 
from season to season. Last season was 
a Winesap year. This season is more 
likely to be a Baldwin year because of 
frosts in the Northwest, and because it 
is the heavy bearing year in the East. 
There are more Baldwins than Winesaps 
sold in email lots, and dried, canned, or 
pressed for cider. 
The York is not grown much except in 
the Southeast. It is inferior to the Bald¬ 
win except that it is more inclined to 
bear every year. The Greening about 
holds its own in New York State, but is 
not extending. The Jonathan is popular 
in the Middle West as well as in the 
Western box apple region, and is nearer 
the general in production than commonly 
realized. Such varieties as the Northern 
Spy, Grimes, Spitzenberg and Tompkins 
King are first-class sellers in the market 
when well grown, but are considered 
rather hard to raise. The green kinds 
have been going out of fashion. Sweet 
apples never had much standing in a com¬ 
mercial way, and the Russets have lost 
ground greatly since cold storage has. en¬ 
abled dealers to hold the choicer kinds 
for the late markets. It is the Winesap’s 
greater adaptability to holding for late 
market that has given that variety its 
strengthening hold on popularity the past 
10 years. 
The business of raising peas for can¬ 
ning seems to be moving to the Great 
Lakes region. Wisconsin has planted 
over 100.000 acres, or almost half the 
year’s total. New York and Michigan 
have planted about half the rest. Acreage 
of peas gains rapidly, doubling every five 
years or so, but most of the recent in¬ 
crease is" in the northern line of States. 
G. B. F. 
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| Is Your Old Binder Good 
I for Another Season’s Wbrk? 
Will it go into the harvest this 
season and tie all of the bundles 
and waste no grain or time? 
Will it cut the crop with the 
minimum of labor? Will it 
give you good service with¬ 
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If it will do these things, you 
don’t need a new binder; but 
if its performance is doubtful, 
it is well to remember that a 
new, improved McCormick 
or Deering binder gives the 
best possible service and costs 
little considering the many 
years it will serve you. 
Here are Some of the Many Improvements in Grain 
Binder Construction in the Last Twenty Years 
1. Outside reel support. Strengthens 
reel and keeps reel bats parallel to 
cutter bar at all points. 
2. Floating elevator. Makes it possi¬ 
ble to cut a full swath of heavy or 
light grain without fear of clogging 
elevators. Results in increased cutting 
capacity and eliminates delays. 
3. Improved hinder and knotter. In¬ 
sures every bundle being perfectly 
bound, eliminates losses and delays. 
4. Tongue truck. Relieves horses of neck 
weight and conserves their strength. 
Keeps binder running straight, saving 
grain and delays. 
5. Improved bundle carrier. Works as 
well going up and down hills as on the 
level. Saves grain and time of shockers. 
6. Improved hevel gears and chains. 
Eliminates delays and expense on ac¬ 
count of repairs. Fully as important as 
an improvement that increases capacity. 
Both McCormick and Deering binders offer you the best possible construction, 
highest grade materials, and long-lived wearing parts. Any McCormick-Deering dealer 
will point out the above improvements on the binder he has on display. 
BINDER TWINE-Now is the time to arrange for your 
harvest time requirements of twine. Ask the McCormick- 
Deering dealer to reserve your supply of McCormick, Deering, 
or International twine. It is wound in convenient “Big-Balls.” 
International Harvester Company 
606 So. Michigan Ave. 
OF AMERICA 
(Incorporated) 
Chicago, Ill. 
McCormick - Deering Line | 
BINDERS « HEADERS * PUSH BINDERS « HARVESTER-THRESHERS - THRESHERS • TWINE 
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