1034 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
July 26, 1924 
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THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th Street, New York 
Live Stock and Dairy 
Oxen and Other Power 
For years my husband went over the 
hills of Sullivan County, N. Y., thrash¬ 
ing grain, filling silos and buzzing wood ; 
the oxen drawing the machinery besides 
furnishing the power to propel said ma¬ 
chines while working, patiently treading, 
mile after mile, yet still remaining in 
the same place. One of them is shown 
treading the power at the left in the 
lower picture. 
Oats were thrashed for three cents per 
bushel; buckwheat, five cents, and rye, 
seven cents. He was sometimes accom¬ 
panied by his little daughter (seen in 
extreme right of same picture), or her 
sister, two years her senior, who meas¬ 
ured and sacked the grain equal to any 
during the Spring and Summer when 
they did all the team work on our 60- 
acre farm with the help of the horse. 
AN OLD SUBSCRIBER. 
Sullivan Co., N. Y. 
Feeding Under Summer 
Conditions 
Please give me a grain ration for milk 
cows on pasture. m. j. m. 
Pennsylvania. 
Dairy cows should be fed grain in 
proportion to their daily production of 
milk. A grain ration that serves for 
pasture conditions during the early sea¬ 
son is not suitable for use during the 
months of July and August when an¬ 
noyance from flies is encountered and 
Faithful Oxen, Owned by a Sullivan Co., N. Y., Reader 
From Ox-power to Gasoline Engine 
man. Silos were filled for $4 per day 
(not less than 10 hours), and wood was 
cut or buzzed for 20 cents per cord. 
As the business increased, and silos 
became more numerous, my husband 
purchased a more up-to-date rig and also 
a horse, (see central figure in photo), 
which trod alternately with the oxen, 
and also helped draw the machinery 
from place to place. After working 
three or four years with this outfit his 
business increased to such an extent he 
was compelled to purchase au equipment 
more speedy, if not more trusty, than old 
Stub aud Larry, the oxen. He got a 
gasoline engine, one of the first of the 
kind brought into this section and was 
looked upon with suspicion by some of 
the farmers for whom he worked. But 
as nothing happened, the engine con¬ 
tinued to explode gas without blowing 
up or setting fire to their barns, their 
suspicions gave way to admiration that 
his work was in such demand that he 
was often compelled to move from one 
farm to another during the late evening, 
often arriving at his destination at 10 or 
11 p. m. in order to be on time. 
The oxen, as they were by that time 
getting well along in years, were used 
only to haul the machinery from one 
place to another and could rest while 
the engine was doing the work, except 
the succulence in the forage has dis¬ 
appeared. 
During early Spring a simple combi¬ 
nation of seven parts of corn or hominy 
meal, two parts of cottonseed meal, and 
one part of gluten feed will serve effi¬ 
ciently. During July and August, and 
also on to September, unless pasture con¬ 
ditions improve, an added amount of pro¬ 
tein should be incorporated aud the mix¬ 
ture should be changed to six parts of 
hominy meal, two parts of cottonseed 
meal, and two parts of gluten feed. 
The gluten feed will run about 25 per 
cent of protein. If the cows, however, 
produce more than 40 lbs. of milk per 
day, it would be advisable to substitute 
the gluten meal for gluten feed, which 
would bring the protein content of this 
combination up to about 24 per cent. 
Ordinarily, it is necessary to feed a ra¬ 
tion carrying quite as much protein dur¬ 
ing the months of July and August as 
under Winter conditions and when the 
cows are restricted to a roughage con¬ 
sisting of silage and a good grade of 
mixed hay. In determining the amount 
for each cow, it is safe during the Sum¬ 
mer to allow 1 lb. of grain for each 4 lbs. 
of milk produced for each cow per day. 
In other words, if a cow would produce 
40 lbs. of 3 Y 2 per cent milk per day and 
had access to fairly good pasture, it 
would be judicious to allow her as much 
as 10 lbs. of grain per day, same to be 
fed in two equal portions morning and 
evening. 
We have repeatedly emphasized the 
importance of feeding dairy cows during 
the Summer a mineral mixture consisting 
of equal parts of salt and bone meal in 
order that they may store up a sufficient 
amount of mineral matter to carry them 
through the Winter. It is a fact that the 
minerals are assimilated easier during 
the Summer months, when cows are on 
grass, than during the Winter when cows 
are on dry feed. This is why cows that 
have access to pasture (luring the Sum¬ 
mer months hold up during lactation and 
flow to milk more satisfactorily during 
the Winter. f. c. m. 
Grain With Poor Pasture 
What will be best grain to feed my 
cows, while in pasture? They are Jer¬ 
seys and Guernseys. I am making but¬ 
ter. The pasture is not particularly 
good. Since January 1 they have been 
making, on average, about 9 lbs. per 
cow per week. I am feeding cottonseed 
meal, ground oats, bran, and bonemeal 
while in barn. f. m. g. 
Maine. 
Assuming that it is your desire to use 
the ingredients that you have available 
and that you have been feeding, it is pro¬ 
posed that they be combined in the fol¬ 
lowing proportions. This mixture is cal¬ 
culated with the understanding that pas¬ 
ture conditions are poor, that your cows 
are thin in flesh, and that the milk from 
the Guernsey and Jersey herds is used 
exclusively for the manufacture of butter: 
Oornmeal, 450 lbs.; gluten meal, 150 lbs.; 
cottonseed meal, 200 lbs.; ground oats, 
100 lbs.; wheat bran, 100 lbs. 
If you have Alfalfa hay or clover, this 
can substitute for the bran, in which 
event it will be highly desirable to in¬ 
crease the amount of oats to 200 lbs. Or¬ 
dinarily, it is not necessary to feed bran 
or linseed meal to cows that have access 
to pasture. However, this ration could 
be improved by replacing 50 lbs. of glu¬ 
ten meal with 50 lbs. of linseed meal, and, 
of course you realize that it is the part 
of wisdom to feed the linseed meal in 
proportion to their daily production 
rather than to allow so many pounds of 
grain to each cow, irrespective of the 
amount of milk they are producing and 
without giving consideration to the stage 
of their lactation. 
As cows advance in their lactation per¬ 
iod, the percentage of butterfat increases 
and the flow of milk decreases, and in 
order to maintain a desired flow of milk 
it is often times necessary to feed a 
larger amount or a modified mixture of 
grain. In too many instances cows have 
a tendency to put on flesh during their 
dry period, and for this reason it often 
times is desirable to feed a ration carry¬ 
ing more protein during the later stages 
of the lactation period. F. c. M. 
Ration Lacks Protein 
My 21 cows are all in fairly good con¬ 
dition, have access to good pasture and 
receive about three quarts of feed daily 
consisting of the following mixture : 100 
lbs. gluten feed. 24 per cent protein; 100 
lbs. hominy, and 100 lbs. ground oats. I 
am now receiving about 528 lbs. daily but 
cows seem to be shrinking, have shrunk 
nearly 25 quarts in one week. I think 
perhaps the ration is faulty. Could you 
suggest a ration that would increase the 
milk production but not raise feed bill 
too much? d. v. N. 
New York. 
It is easy to diagnose your trouble and 
to explain why your herd of 21 cows are 
not yielding more than 528 lbs. of milk 
per day. A mixture consisting of 100 lbs. 
gluten feed, 100 lbs. hominy meal, 100 
lbs. ground oats, would carry less than 
15 per cent of crude protein. This amount 
fed in the amounts supplied is not suffi¬ 
cient to enable cows to produce even 25 
lbs. of milk a day. Then again, this com¬ 
bination lacks variety and you have ob¬ 
tained all of your protein from one 
source. 
It is suggested, therefore, that you add 
to your mixture the following ingredients 
and that you bring its protein content 
up to 20 per cent. The proposed mix¬ 
ture follows: 200 lbs. gluten feed; 200 
lbs. wheat bran, 400 lbs. hominy meal, 
100 lbs. cottonseed meal, 100 lbs. gluten 
meal. 
This combination will carry approxi¬ 
mately 20 per cent of protein and it 
