1256 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
all the fancy trimmings. Price is not and should 
not be the determining factor in purchasing a radio 
set. It is the ability that it has to give you that 
which you want and expect that determines the 
value. The mechanically inclined man or boy can 
build a receiving set in a few hours that will get 
tis much as one purchased, and have the added pleas¬ 
ure of knowing that he built it. In buying, buy only 
from dealers and manufacturers who are reliable 
and whose guarantee is good. Exaggerated claims 
have sold many sets and have caused as many dis¬ 
appointments. J. H. F. 
Essential Features of the New York Apple 
Grading Law 
S OME growers are not familiar with the provis¬ 
ions of the New York apple grading law as 
amended by the Legislature of 1922, and I there¬ 
fore present a brief review of the essential features 
of the law. Perhaps the most important change is 
iu making the bushel basket a “closed” package, 
and subject to the same regulations as the barrel. 
For years it has been the practice to dump unclas¬ 
sified or poor-grade fruit on the market in bushel 
baskets. When barrels soared sky-high a few years 
ago growers sought relief through packing in bushels, 
but they found that the bushel, not being a closed 
package and long the carrier of poor fruit, had been 
discriminated against. This new rule elevates the 
bushel basket and makes it the package of good 
fruit. 
Furthermore, in the adoption of this change the 
apple law has struck sharply at the practice of pour¬ 
ing poor fruit-into the market. If there is any one 
thing that does more to harm the fruit business 
than sending cull stuff to market, I do not know 
what it is. The grower far from market is actually 
assisted through the high transportation charges 
that he pays by virtue of the fact that he can only 
afford to ship his best product. A surplus of poor 
(fruit in a market tends to lower the tone of the 
entire market. The bushel basket must now be 
stamped with variety, size, and grade of fruit just 
as the barrel, though of course, the stencil is smaller. 
The second change lies in the grades of apples. 
The “fancy” and “A” grades are lowered slightly in 
regard to color, “fancy” requiring only 50 per cent 
color for such varieties as Baldwin, McIntosh, and 
Wealthy and 33 1/3 per cent for such varieties as 
Hubbardston, Oldenburg, and Rome Beauty. The 
inspectors are instructed to insist upon high and 
attractive color and not to permit shades of green 
<>]• brown to pass where red is the characteristic 
shade, so that though it would appear that the color 
standard has been somewhat reduced, yet the in¬ 
terpretation of shade makes the operation of the 
law about as high as it formerly was, so far as 
color is concerned. 
“B” grade is permitted to contain anything which 
will not affect the keeping quality of the fruit. 
Limb rubs, russet markings, and such injuries are 
allowed, though stippen, cracks, or any malforma¬ 
tions that will injure keeping quality are barrel. 
Moreover, there are no color requirements. The re¬ 
sult of the change in grading, in short, is to make 
the “B” grade into a good grade of cooking apple 
and to afford an outlet for sound fruit that was 
formerly thrown into the unclassified grades with 
the wormy and poorer stuff. h. b. t. 
Cheaper Roughage for Dairy Cows 
We are in a section where we can grow Alfalfa hay, 
cut it and put it in the barn, at a cost not to exceed 
$8 per ton. We can grow 
corn and put it in the silo 
at a cost not to exceed $4 
per ton, and I do not be¬ 
lieve that we can secure 
a grain ration where the 
cost of the feed will be as 
low as we can secure it 
by growing Alfalfa and 
corn silage. H. I. 
Belding, Mich. 
T about the same 
time this message 
reached us from Michi¬ 
gan there came a letter 
from Connecticut where 
a dairyman was paying 
$35 a ton for Alfalfa 
hay. He was selling 
Timothy hay at $25 and 
buying the Alfalfa. Now 
how is it possible for 
this New E ngland 
dairyman to pay $35 
and compete with the 
Michigan man’s $S Al¬ 
falfa? Methods of ship¬ 
ping liquid milk or dairy products are being con¬ 
stantly developed. That means keener competition 
and wider difference in feed cost. The New Eng¬ 
land man must receive twice as much for his milk 
and grow Soy beans and Alsike and Sweet clover iu 
order to keep in the ring, and there are other things 
besides Alfalfa which we must consider. We must 
make use of new crops as well as new ideas. This 
year we cut a crop of grass, plowed the sod, and at 
the middle of June planted a variety of flint corn. 
It has been a poor growing season yet the last week 
in September this corn averaged nine feet high, with 
many ears matured. With frost holding off until 
the average date we shall have a crop of grain. We 
can seed rye with vetch or clover in the corn, and 
repeat the same performance next year. We may 
well come to the plan of manuring convenient land 
heavily and crowding it hard with fodder crops— 
leaving the back lands to pasture or meadow. We 
figure that we have saved at least a month’s labor 
this year by following this plan. Another thing; 
we feel that Sudan grass is well worth a trial by 
eastern farmers. We have it side by side with Japa¬ 
nese millet this year—yielding about twice the total 
crop and of a finer quality. We may help greatly 
by improving the cows, but we must also improve 
the system by finding new crops and methods. 
Raising a Barn Roof 
I have a barn 10x20 ft., 12 ft. high. It has a nearly 
flat roof, which gives me little chance to put in hay. 
How high could I build a saddle roof on this barn with¬ 
out danger of the wind taking it over? That is, how 
long would the rafters be? I want it as high as pos¬ 
sible to be safe. a. e. e. 
Burlington, Yt. 
A BOUT the 'best shape for a gambrel roof is to 
build it with rafters of equal length, and with 
the ridge half the width of the building above the 
Plate line, as shown in the sketch. With a building 
10 ft. in width this would require.rafters 5 ft. 10 in. 
in length, and cut to the angle shown. The capacity 
of your barn can be further increased by extending 
the side walls above the existing plates some 4 to 6 
ft. and putting on a new plate. If this is done, diag¬ 
onal tie braces should be placed in the middle to 
keep the barn from spreading. r. h. s. 
Peddling Eggs in New York City 
FARMER living in Columbia Co., N. Y., has a 
good supply of eggs, and like many other en¬ 
terprising men is looking for a special market. His 
idea is to drive to New York City once a week in a 
light truck and peddle the eggs—taking orders 
ahead and delivering weekly. He wants to know 
what he must do in order to operate in this way. 
He is probably too far away to make such a trade 
possible, and the trade of this great city is hedged 
in and protected in every way for the benefit of 
dealers and peddlers who live here. We asked the 
October 4, 1924 
Department of Public Markets about this case, and 
the following reply has been made: 
For your information, I state below, Section 130 of 
Article 10, from the Code of Ordinances of the City of 
New York : 
“Any person hawking, peddling, vending or selling 
merchandise in the streets of the city shall be deemed 
to be a peddler and shall be classified as follows: A 
peddler using a motor driven vehicle; a peddler using 
a horse and wagon; a peddler using a pushcart; a 
peddler personally carrying merchandise. 
“Any person, owning or operating a farm in the city 
and selling, in the streets, produce raised on such farm, 
shall not be deemed a peddler within the meaning of 
this article. Any such person may make application 
to the commissioner, and upon affidavit setting fortn 
sufficient facts to entitle him to this exemption, he shall 
thereupon receive a certificate thereof.” 
The farmer whose letter you forwarded to us, will 
require a permit to sell his eggs in the city of New 
York. In order to obtain same, application is to be 
made at this Department, Room 2337, Municipal Build¬ 
ing. The annual license fee is $10. An application 
blank was this day mailed to him to be properly filled 
out and filed with this department before permit can 
be issued. jouk j. delaney, Deputy Commissioner. 
The Cemetary Law of New York 
E have bad numberless questions about the 
old cemeteries so often seen in the rural dis¬ 
tricts of New York. Some of them were once pub¬ 
lic burial places, while others are private enclos¬ 
ures, located sometimes on abandoned farms. There 
are always kindly people who desire to clean and 
beautify these enclosures—not only to show respect 
for the dead, but to beautify the locality. In many 
cases women 'of the Grange or of the church or some 
patriotic society have endeavored to do this "work, 
and there is a desire to know what if any duty the 
law imposes on the locality or the town regarding 
these places. 
Recently in Berkshire, N. Y., a local branch of 
Daughters of the American Revolution unveiled a 
monument to Beulah Patterson Brown, widow of a 
Revolutionary captain. In accepting the gift for 
the cemetery association, Hon. D. P. Witter read 
extracts from the State law. We give them below 
for the benefit of many who have asked for informa¬ 
tion. There are hundreds of these neglected ceme¬ 
teries which should be taken in hand and improved : 
The title of every lot or piece of land which shall 
have been used by the inhabitants of any town in this 
State as a cemetery or burial ground for the space of 
14 years shall be deemed to be vested in such town, 
and shall be subject in the same manner as other cor¬ 
porate property of towns, to the government and direc¬ 
tion of the electors in town meeting. 
The electors of any town may, at a biennial town 
meeting, choose three persons to act as a board of 
trustees of any burial grounds within the limits of and 
belonging to the town, as such electors may designate, 
and direct the supervisor of the town to convey by deed 
to such board of trustees, and their successors in office, 
for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, the lands al¬ 
ready composing such grounds. 
The town board of any town must also provide for 
the removal of grass and weeds at least twice in each 
year from any cemetery or burial ground, by whom¬ 
soever owned, in such town, where such control is not 
vested by other provisions of law in the town or in 
trustees or other corporate body and provide for the 
preservation, care and fencing of any such cemetery, 
ali at a cost not to exceed one hundred dollars in any 
one year, unless authorized by a majority vote of such 
town, and such duties shall be performed under the 
supervision of the superintendent of highways of the 
town, or a person whom the town board may designate. 
Fruit at New York State Fair 
W E believe in candid criticism when it is war¬ 
ranted, and in unrestricted praise when it is 
justified. Accordingly last year we said “There 
might have been a very good fruit exhibit at the 
State Fair. As it was. the display was far from the 
caliber of what New York State is capable of doing.” 
And we especially criticized the arrangement, the 
judges, and the manage¬ 
ment, declaring that 
the general arrange¬ 
ment was as poor as we 
had seen at a New York 
State Fair in years. 
This year the horti¬ 
cultural exhibit was one 
of the best that has 
ever been seen there. In 
the first place, the en¬ 
tire building formerly 
occupied in part by the 
horticultural exhibits 
was turned over to 
fruits and farm prod¬ 
ucts. The noise, con¬ 
fusion, and congestion 
that was always notice¬ 
able at the other end of 
the hall was thereby en¬ 
tirely removed. And 
added to this, the fine 
(Cont. on Page 1258) 
The Wayne Comity Exhibit at New YorJc State Fair. Fig. 526 
