1403 
for all practical purposes. For a cow that gives 
40 lbs. of a 4-per-cent milk the following proportions 
would be about right: 
Twelve pounds of a legume bay, 35 lbs. silage. 12 
lbs. peas, barley and oats, 1 lb. oilmeal (or cotton¬ 
seed) ; total 60 lbs. for a day’s ration. 
It is evident that out of every 60 lbs. fed to a 
dairy cow the owner only has to purchase 1 lb. of 
either oilmeal or cottonseed, or 34 lbs. to a ton. 
Compare that with the fact that if a man does not 
have this grain mixture, merely having the legume 
hay and the silage, he has to purchase S00 lbs. out 
of every ton fed, and moreover these purchased 
feeds will be largely in the high concentrate group. 
EARLY BARLEY AND LATE OATS—This year 
most of the sowings were made of a peck of Cana¬ 
dian field peas, an early maturing barley one bushel, 
and one bushel of a late maturing oat. By having 
the barley of an early type and the oats of a late, 
opportunity • is given for the harvesting of the crop 
at a time when the peas are not advanced enough 
in ripening to shell with handling, while at the same 
time the other grains will be matured enough. 
Where weather conditions during the past year did 
not become the limiting factor in preventing of a 
crop, failures can be traced to the failure to use the 
proper oats and barley. The oats must be of a 
late variety and have a straw that will resist lodg¬ 
ing. The barley must be early, and for this reason 
the two-row type is far better than the six-row. 
The best perhaps that there is today is what is 
known as the Alpha strain. In many cases, too, the 
peas must be inoculated before sowing. This is an 
inexpensive and very simple process, and is well 
worth the effort in the crop insurance that it gives. 
It might not be advisable to try to increase the 
amounts of peas in the sowing until one has had op¬ 
portunity to judge just what the crop will do on 
their own particular type of soil. In many cases, 
however, the amount of peas may be materially in¬ 
creased with profit, as any increase in the pea con¬ 
tent of the resultant mixture will mean a higher 
percentage of protein. There are many types of 
soil that probably would take a half bushel of peas 
ir. the sowing without any difficulty in the crop 
going down. 
The mixture after the addition of the oil or cot¬ 
tonseed meal together with a legume hay and silage 
represents a 1-5-5 mixture which may be considered 
ideal from the standpoint of the dairy cows. Some 
men have mixed water, molasses and salt with the 
mixture last season with very good results, d. u. e. 
Will Goats Defend Children or Sheep? 
EGARDING the ability of a goat to protect 
children from strange dogs. I have had talks 
with goat breeders around here, and three of them 
claim to have bucks which do not hesitate an in¬ 
stant to charge any dog that comes within their 
range, and most dogs, regardless of size or fighting 
ability, take their leave at once. I have heard from 
various sources that most goats are devoid of fear, 
that they will face any enemy and defend them¬ 
selves in preference to running away. Recently I 
lead an account of a moving picture company, in 
showing a film in which timber wolves figured, in¬ 
tending to “sacrifice” a goat, by having a wolf kill 
Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
one for a meal, as in nature. When the set was 
ready, the two animals were released before the 
camera, and the wolf, true to his habits, did his part 
at once, but the goat refused to be sacrificed. He 
met every spring of the wolf with his sharp horns 
and drove them in at every opportunity, and the 
wolf, after several encounters, was much the worse 
of the two, and would have been the one killed 
Continuous Nest. Fig. 585. See page 1405. 
eventually instead of the goat. He drew so much 
admiration of his courage from the film people that 
he was sent to a ranch owned by one of them, and 
they decided that in future goats would not readily 
lend themselves as “sacrifices.” Possibly it might 
also have shown them that a lone wolf killing a 
full-grown billygoat probably never existed in na¬ 
ture. any more than lots of other stuff shown in 
films does. 
In regard to turning goats out with a flock of 
sheep to protect them against enemies, I distinctly 
Urging Beans with Straw Rain Shed. Fig. 586. 
remember reading of it in some farm paper, and 
feel finite sure it was yours. b. a. d. 
R. N.-Y.—We have had varied reports about goats 
and dogs. In a few cases people tell us that goats 
have actually driven dogs away from sheep. There 
are also reports of cases where flocks of goats have 
been raided and scattered by dogs. As for goats 
protecting children—well, we want to know about it. 
The Field Bean Crop in New Jersey 
I notice the Buffalo market reports for beans, and 
they indicate a good acre income from this crop. Why 
would not this be a good crop for Monmouth Co., N. J.V 
We have good soil, good farmers and good markets. 
F. E. N. 
HE field bean is produced in a commercial way 
only in California. Michigan and New York. In 
each of these three sections conditions are finite dif¬ 
ferent from those of New Jersey. In the California 
section, where the Lima bean is grown, the rainfall 
is but 10 to 15 in. In New York State the field crop 
is grown principally on strong limestone land and 
under climatic conditions, of course, which are quite 
different from ours. It is true that beans are grown 
in a small way in gardens in practically all parts of 
the country, but they have never proved to be a suc¬ 
cessful commercial crop outside of the areas men¬ 
tioned. It is believed that this is primarily due to 
the influence of climate on the various pests of the 
bean, particularly the weevil, although an important 
factor is doubtless the land value in the various sec¬ 
tions. 
In New York State, cost account records show 
that the field bean gave yields of 14,3, 15.3, 4.4, 7 
and S.l bushels per acre over the five successive 
years, 1014-1S. For the same years the profits were 
$2.93, $13.05, $12.97, $14.82, $24.35. The charges for 
the use of the land, including interest and taxes, 
averaged about $6 per acre. The corresponding item 
in Central New Jersey would be at least $10 more 
per acre. This would increase the cost of growing 
the crop, as would also the necessity for larger ap¬ 
plications of lime to the land, since these soils are 
not of limestone origin and many of them, in fact, 
have had applications of sulphur for the control of 
potato scab. 
The labor charges in this State would be fully as 
great as those in New York State, while none of the 
advantages due to nearness to market which accrue 
from a production of bulky or perishable crops, 
would occur with the bean. In New Jersey, without 
doubt, we have unusual conditions in regard to mar¬ 
ket for perishable and bulky products which are dif¬ 
ficult to transport, but a study of the trend of agri¬ 
culture in the State indicates that non-perishables 
and non-bulky products, such as wheat, oats, butter, 
barley, etc., are either very rapidly decreasing or 
already have disappeared from the normal produc¬ 
tion of our farms. 
It would appear that the field bean is not espe¬ 
cially adapted to our soil or climate, production 
charges would be greater than in competing areas, 
while returns would not be correspondingly greater, 
and the crop may be considered to belong in the same 
group with those other commodities which have al¬ 
ready proved to be economically unsuited to our con¬ 
ditions. G. w. M. 
One of our readers has been told that if church and 
Sunday school are held in the schoolhouse tbe district 
will lose its public money. That is not so. Such meet¬ 
ings will not lose the money. The schoolhouse ought to 
be a rural center for all useful meetings. 
On a recent Sunday in a Massachusetts town six 
auto hogs were caught and fined $37.50. The law was 
read to them—the law which makes them liable to a 
fine of $500, jail for three years and license revoked. 
That half dozen ought to go light on stealing fruit here¬ 
after. 
