lb* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
J 
1457 
Chemistry of Autumn 
Coloring 
Those of us who delight in watching 
the changing colors of Autumn leaves 
usually attribute this nature painting to 
frost work. Prof. H. C. Young of the 
Ohio Experiment Station thus explains 
the chemistry of this painting: 
These pigments are green or chloro¬ 
phyll. red or xanthophyll, and yellow or 
carotin. 
The green pigment is formed only. at 
Summer temperatures and is responsible 
for the manufacture of all the foods used 
and stored by the plant. As cooler tem¬ 
perature prevails in the Fall the green 
pigment is no longer formed and instead 
the red and yellow pigments develop in 
greater abundance. 
The red and yellow pigments tend to 
raise the temperature which facilitates 
the transfer of food from the leaves to 
the storage regions of the plant. This is 
Nature’s way of preparing for Winter in 
the shortest possible time. 
Thus the extreme variations of color 
are brought about by the plant adjusting 
itself to Winter and dormant conditions. 
Temperature and moisture are factors in¬ 
fluencing these changes. Color production 
in leaves is not dependent upon frost. In 
fact, more beautiful colors are produced 
where temperatures do not quite reach 
the freezing point during this period. 
An early frost prevents the formation 
of the special layer of cells, called the 
abscission layer, formed at the base of 
the petiole of the leaf, which cuts off the 
leaf and at the same time heals the 
wound. When factors are favorable for 
the early and quick development of the 
abscission layer, more sugars are held in 
the leaves and go to form even more bril¬ 
liant colors. 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK 
DOMESTIC.—Florida has ratified the 
constitutional amendment proposed by 
the Legislature which forever* prohibits 
the levying of income taxes or inheritance 
taxes in the State. The measure was 
brought up in the Legislature of 1923, 
Florida having 'biennial sessions, and 
after considerable discussion and some lit¬ 
tle opposition was adopted by both 
houses, the vote being decisive, and the 
resolution then going to the people for 
ratification, which makes it a part of the 
constitution. In addition to the prohi¬ 
bition regarding income and inheritance 
raxes, the amendment also provides for 
the exemption from taxation of personal 
property to the value of $500 for the head 
of a family. Leading newspapers and 
citizens generally have strongly support¬ 
ed the amendment. The vote in favor of 
it was probably 10 to one. That the 
amendment will result in the coming of 
new capital to Florida seems certain. 
One of its admitted objects is to cause 
wealthy men to take up their permanent 
residence in the State. 
Fort Worth, Tex., Ivu Klux Klan Hall, 
recently completed at a cost of about 
$50,000, was destroyed by fire Nov. 6. 
The structure was of brick. Efforts are 
being made to determine the cause of the 
fire. Two men, living near the scene, re¬ 
ported hearing two explosions just before 
the building burst into flames. 
Plans for the erection of a $10,000,000 
52-story building at the entrance to 
Schenley Park, to house a major part of 
the activities of the University of Pitts¬ 
burgh, were announced Nov. 6 by Chan¬ 
cellor John G. Bowman. The new struc¬ 
ture, to be known as “The Cathedral of 
Learning,” will accommodate 12,000 stu¬ 
dents. Chancellor Bowman explained 
the plans in detail at a banquet of the 
trustees of the university and members 
of the faculty and a citizens’ committee of 
120 prominent business men. The build¬ 
ing will be Gothic in style in white Ken¬ 
tucky limestone, and will stand upon a 
14-acre tract of land facing the park. It 
will be 360 ft. long, 260 ft. wide and 680 
ft. high. It will have four entrances, 16 
high-speed elevators, and classrooms, li¬ 
braries, shops and laboratories. Con¬ 
struction work will begin next year. 
An airplane carrying passengers and 
charging fare for it is not a common car¬ 
rier, according to a decision handed down 
at Anniston, Ala., by Federal Judge W. 
I. Grubb in a case involving damages for 
the death of a passenger of a plane. . 
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge died at 
Cambridge, Mass., Nov. 9, in his seventy- 
fifth year. Senator Lodge had four years 
still to serve in the Senate, where he had 
represented his State continuously for 31 
vears. His place will he filled by appoint¬ 
ment, Gov. Cox having authority under a 
legislative act passed two years ago to 
name a successor until the next general 
election. That will not take place until 
1926. 
Three persons were fatally burned, and 
one seriously, all members of the same 
family, when a tank containing 4,000 gal¬ 
lons of gasoline exploded Nov. 9 at the 
plant of the Pure Oil Company, 20 miles 
from Sistersville, 'W. Ya. The victims were 
Everett Scott, superintendent of the 
plant; his wife, and Pauline, an 11-year- 
old daughter. A son, Harold, 12, has but 
a slight chance to recover, physicians de- 
clared. , , 
Nearly 200 claimants to much of the 
land in South Jersey and the sites of the I 
Woolworth Building, Trinity Church and 
City Hall in Manhattan, met at Atlantic 
City, N. J., Nov. 9, to discuss “means to 
take over their property rights.” They 
are known as the Martin, Stellman, Ad¬ 
ams, Smith heirs. Their claims, based on 
a grant made by Queen Anne of England 
in 1695, total about one trillion dollars in 
value. Charles €. Frazier of Pleasant- 
ville, N. J., chairman of the “heirs’ ” ex¬ 
ecutive committee, announced: “We are 
offering to give clear title to the present 
illegal occupants of our ground for one- 
fifth of its present valuation.” 
Fire early Nov. 9 swept through the 
business section of Windsor, Nova Scotia, 
destroying 30 buildings, causing loss esti¬ 
mated'at $350,000 and making 42 families 
homeless. 
Nov. 8 the village of Weirs, on Lake 
Winnepesaukee, N. H., was almost to¬ 
tally destroyed by fire. The loss is put 
at $70,000. 
Nine residents of the Elks’ National 
Home at Bedford, Va., are dead and 27 
ill from the effects of arsenic poisoning 
caused from drinking cider served at 
luncheon Nov. 10. The cider was pur¬ 
chased from a merchant in the county and 
was brought to the home in kegs. The 
poison appears to have been in only one 
of the containers, as the test showed ar¬ 
senic only in the cider drawn from one 
keg. 
Ben Newmark, Chicago, Assistant 
State Fire Marshal, who was jailed on a 
charge of contempt in connection with 
the trial, two years ago, of Governor Len 
Small, was sought Nov. 11 by Federal 
agents on warrants charging counterfeit¬ 
ing Liberty bonds and Treasury savings 
stamps. With him were named 10 others, 
two of them women. Seventy other Chi¬ 
cagoans, several prominent politicians, 
were said by Federal agents to be in¬ 
volved. The alleged operations affected 
banks there, in New York and as far west 
as Omaha. The counterfeiting, Federal 
agents said, was of a $5 war revenue 
stamp. More than $500,000 worth of the 
stamps have been cashed, secret service 
men estimated. 
Use of narcotic drugs in the United 
States is growing at an alarming rate, 
and even is extending into the public 
schools, delegates to the annual conven¬ 
tion of the New York State Conference of 
Charities and Corrections were told at 
the opening sessions at Syracuse Nov. 11 
by Frederick A. Wallis, Commissioner of 
Corrections of New York City. In one 
high school, he declared, 20 boys were 
found whose individual needs for drugs 
required the expenditure of $5 each every 
day. Government supervision of the pro¬ 
duction and sale of drugs, Commissioner 
Wallis believed to be the only method of 
curing the evil, which has placed this 
country at the 'head of drug-using nations 
of the world. 
FARM AND GARDEN. — President 
Coolidge announced Nov. 7 the personnel 
of the commission which he proposed in 
his speech accepting the Republican nom¬ 
ination for President should be appointed 
to inquire into agricultural conditions, 
with a view to determining a program for 
permanent improvement of the industry 
through legislation and otherwise. Rob¬ 
ert D. Carey of Careyhurst, Wyo., a for¬ 
mer Governor of that State, was named 
chairman of the voluntary commission, 
which includes seven other farm leaders 
from varioi^g sections of the country. Addi¬ 
tional appointments may be made later, it 
was said. The appointments announced 
Nov. 7 are: O. E. Bradfute, president of 
the American Farm Bureau Federation, 
of Chicago ; Charles S. Barrett, chairman 
of the National Board of Farm Organi¬ 
zations, of Union City, Ga. ; Louis J. 
Taber, Master of the National Grange, of 
Columbus, O.; Ralph P. Merritt, of Fres¬ 
no, Cal., president of the Sun-Maid 
Raisin Growers; R. W. Thatcher, direc¬ 
tor of the New York Experiment Station, 
of Geneva, N. Y.; W. C. Coffey, dean of 
the College of Agriculture and director of 
the experiment station of the University 
of Minnesota, and Fred H. Bixby, presi¬ 
dent of the American National Live Stock 
Association, of Long Beach, Cal. Some 
consideration to the personnel of the com¬ 
mission was given by the President dur¬ 
ing the Summer, but at the suggestion of 
farm leaders appointment -was deferred 
until after the elections lest its work be¬ 
come involved in politics. Now that it 
has been named it is intended that there 
shall be no delay in its operation, it being 
the present plan for the commission to 
meet in Washington for a conference 
about the middle of the month. The men 
selected are believed at the White House 
to be representative of farmers generally 
and well acquainted with agricultural 
conditions. As a result it is believed that 
a program may be outlined by them with¬ 
out undue delay and probably in time for 
action upon any proposals requiring legis¬ 
lative action at the short session of the 
present Congress, which will convene next 
month. Meanwhile, it is believed that 
President Coolidge will retain Howard M. 
Gore as acting Secretary of Agriculture, 
and not select a successor to the late Sec¬ 
retary Wallace until March 4. when a 
partial reorganization of the Cabinet is 
regarded as a possibility. Mr. Gore will 
assume the office of Governor of West 
Virginia on March 4. 
Those who have few things to attenc 
to are great babblers; for the less men 
think the more they talk.—Montesquieu. 
Get This Pipeless Furnace 
And Enjoy “Florida Weather” 
In YOUR Home This Winter 
E. Arlington, Vt., Jan. 28, 1923. 
0 
Fuller & Warren Co., Troy, N. Y. 
Gentlemen: —“We have had five continuous days of 
weather when the thermometer registered from 22 to 27° 
below, and during that time your furnace put Florida into 
our home. You were fortunate in getting such a good 
dealer, as the installation was perfect. No gas, no smoke, 
in fact, all we get from the STEWART Pipeless is HEAT, 
at very little cost. We burn less than a ton of coal a 
month in the coldest weather.” 
Sincerely yours, GEO. H. JEPSON. 
YOU, too, will be highly pleased with a STEWART 
Pipeless. They are extra heavy, well-made Fur¬ 
naces, built with 92 years of experience. They 
are truly wonderful heaters and fuel-savers. Burn 
wood or coal. Easy to operate. Easy to buy. Sold 
and installed by experienced dealers who know 
heating requirements and just WHERE to locate 
and HOW to install furnace for finest results. 
SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET and NEAREST DEALER’S NAME 
FULLER ft WARREN CO.,TROY. N.Y. 
Since linkers if STEWART Stoves.RanqesJumaces 
Horse 
Power 
Hercules 
Cheapest Way 
to Clear Land 
My new reduced prices on the improved 
1925 Model Hercules makes it easy and 
cheap for you to remove every stump—to 
clear every acre on your farm as clean as a 
whistle. No stump or hedge too big or 
stubborn for the Hercules, all-steel, triple 
power stump puller. It yanks ’em out in 
less time and with less effort than any other 
method. Make big money pulling stumps for 
your neighbors. Pull stumps for fuel. 1 make 
both horse and hand power machines. Lat¬ 
est, most up-to-the-minute improvements. Send 
e\ _ _ today for catalog and 
^ ftOO special folder. 
B. A. FULLER, 
Pres. 
Hercules Mfg. Co. 
730 29th St., 
Centerville, Iowa 
SPECIAL TRIAL OFFER £ 
Gillies Famous Broken. ^ 
Coffee 
*|od 
POSTPAID 
UAthin 300 miter 
FRESH FROM THE 
WHOLESALE ROASTER H ^ . 
Here's a real tasty, smooth, rich mel- f lf/lt/Fl/i 
low coffee, favorite of NewYorkera for 
40 years. Composed of small and broken 
beans of our finest coffees, blended to perfection. 
This trial offer Is to secure new customers. 
Order today. Save retailer's profit and learn of a 
new treat in coffee. 
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR MONEY BACK 
Send Cash , Check or Money Order. 
GILLIES COFFEE CO. 
233-0 Washington St. New York City 
Eat. 8J» Years 
FARMS Sunny SouthernJersey 
Many bargains. Catalog JUST OUT. COPY 
FREE. Stocked and e Quipped. Some require 
only $500 cash. Income producing homes. 
D. M. JOSEPH FARM AGENCY. 1502-18 Wideoer Bldg., Phila., Pa. 
All Uinni VADki FOR SHE. From manufacturer. 
ALL VTUUL I Him 75c U $7 per lb. Free samples 
II. A. BARTLETT -I- HARMONY, MAINE 
When you zvrite advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
