More About November Milk Prices 
_ . Jwish to call your attention to the article on page 
p . °t The R. N.-Y., under the title “November Milk 
1 rices. In it you say that the net cash pool price for 
k. eptember was $1,745, or $1,845 including certificate. 
1 he price I received from the pool was $2,045, or $2,145, 
a difference of 30 cents. My neighbor received $2,295 
from .Sheffield 1 arms as stated by you. Please make 
tk® correction if you care to be accurate in what you 
publish. The above appears prejudicial to the pool. 
Connecticut. r. k . avoodavard. 
T HE figures quoted were the basic price for 3 per 
cent milk in the 201-210-miHe zone. The returns to 
individual patrons are modified by differentials for 
fat test, freight charges and sometimes for cartage. 
The difference of 30 cents to which Mr. Woodward 
refers is undoubtedly due to adjustments of freight 
charges and extra for fat test. 
The $2,295 return to patrons of Sheffield Farms 
was for 3 per cent milk in the 201-210-mile zone. 
Extra allowances are made for fat test, and freight 
charges are adjusted above and below the 201-210- 
mile late on the same basis as the pool adjustments. 
The price would indicate that Mr. Woodward’s neigh¬ 
bor received a return for just 3 per cent milk. If he 
had a higher test and less than 201-210-mile shipping 
distance he was entitled to more. There is, there- 
foie, no correction, as far as we are concerned, in the 
pievious quotations. We think everyone understands 
by this time that the quotations are always based on 
3 per cent milk in the 201-210-mile zone, and that 
the individual returns vary with the fat test and the 
shipping distance. 
The R. N.-Y. is too much of an institution to have 
any prejudices against anyone or anything, much 
less against its own friends. It is not immune from 
an occasional typographical error, or an occasional 
misunderstanding, but its constant purpose is truth 
and reliable information, and we think it no vanity 
to say that its policy has been fixed in the public 
mind as the ideal standard of journalism. Its repu¬ 
tation and standing never was and never could be 
established on a policy of petty prejudices. 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Is this fair play by the industrial concerns to the 
citizens of Buffalo, many taxpayers, who are refused 
employment while the farmers are taken on as fast as 
they apply? fair play. 
We must leave that to our farm readers in West¬ 
ern New York. How many farmers do you know 
who can shut off the farm work in Winter and get a 
cash job in the city, where they can save all or most 
of their wages? Are there many of such happy men? 
Tn New England we have seen hundreds of cars 
parked around some great factory. They were owned 
by people who have little places in the country, and 
they drive back and forth each day to work. As a 
rule, the factory owners will hire the most efficient 
men they can get, whether they live in city or coun¬ 
try. Henry Ford sees in the future a state of society 
where manufacturing will be carried on at central 
points in little towns—with workmen driving in and 
out from farm homes each day. That would be a 
far better plan than our present system of crowding 
workmen together in the city, like flocks of sheep. 
• 1461 
who have boys to bring up in different surroundings and 
environments from that in which you and I were 
trained, to bring them up with that sense of thrift 
economy, perseverance and industry that was bred into 
US j , . our ex I )e rienees and surroundings. That ” he 
said, “is a problem.” 
The education of a boy or girl which does not include 
work real work—-physical labor—within reasonable 
limits, is sadly deficient. The It. N.-Y. is doing a splen- 
[ id service to the boys and girls of our country in oppos¬ 
ing the ratification of this amendment. Israel t. deyo. 
Traps Put On Posted Land 
I have recently purchased a farm on Long Island, 
this farm has not been cultivated for some years, is in 
a wild, wooded section, and is consequently overrun 
with foxes, weasels, etc. They have managed to kill a 
number of my . poultry, and in order to protect myself I 
have, among other measures, set a number of steel traps 
outside the poultry fencing, but within the boundaries of 
my property. The property is posted according to law, 
■warning all persons against trespassing, shooting or 
fishing. 
Yesterday, while running a fox, a man and his dog 
came on my property and the dog was caught in two of 
the traps. He was, fortunately, not injured to any 
extent, but his owner, who was running him at the time, 
stated that my traps were dangerous and would have to 
be taken up, as he was coming back again ! 
I have read the New York conservation law, but can 
find no reference to a situation such as I have outlined 
above. AV ould you let me know what are our respective 
rights in the matter? It is my impression that the 
owner of the dog thinks he is protected by reason of 
his having bought a license for him, and has conse¬ 
quently paid a tax on him. c T 
Forest Tree Planting in New York 
r 'S!' e . we , re distributed from the State Conservation 
Commission s forest nurseries for planting during the 
Spring and hall seasons of 1924, 9,245,090 trees. This 
is the largest distribution of trees for reforestation pur¬ 
poses in the history of the commission, and would have 
been larger by upwards of 800,000 trees had not the pro¬ 
tracted spell of extremely dry weather shortened the 
e all season. 
More orders for trees were received from farmers and 
private land owners than from any other class of plalit¬ 
ers, and they called for a larger total of trees. From 
, there were 833 orders, calling for a total of 
4,037,550 trees, showing the widespread interest in the 
retorestmg movement among persons having idle land 
latMwvQ 1 ?® tleeS ' The increas e in this class alone 
was 1,480,598 trees. 
The next largest increase came from industrial con¬ 
cerns who are interested in the reforesting movement 
to furnish them with a supply of raw material. This 
planted 1, <32 500 trees, which is an increase of 
New Jersey Potato on Trial 
'T'HE following statement of a mock trial of Mr. 
* Potato is received from the New Jersey Board 
of Agriculture. As is well known, potato growing 
in Central New Jersey is suffering just now from 
over-production and competition, and many growers 
are seriously considering finding a new crop. This 
plan of holding a mock trial to see Avhether the 
trouble lies with the crop or the cropper is a good 
way to interest people. 
A large audience interested in potato production in 
the western part of Monmouth County listened to the 
presentation of a public trial of the potato at Clarks¬ 
burg. This public- trial, sponsored by the State Potato 
Improvement Committee, presented with unusual and 
novel force the case of the potato as a crop in Mon- 
n u OUt xr C° unt y- The prosecution endeavored to show 
that N. J. Potato, represented in person at the trial by 
a masked party, was an undesirable inhabitant and 
should be deported. This side of the case also brought 
out that serious losses had been sustained in Monmouth 
County by growing the potato in large acreages, and 
summoned a banker, Henry Wicoff, cashier of the 
Hightstown Trust Company, and a County Agent, Mr. 
Douglass, to prove that the potato was undesirable aud 
should be eliminated. 
The defense called several growers and a dealer, Ed¬ 
ward Rooney of Englishtown, to prove that the potato 
itself was not guilty of these losses, but that specula¬ 
tion in the crop and poor methods of production and 
marketing together with over-production, had given the 
defendant a bad reputation. 
A jury of men and women called from the audience 
listened attentively to the case, and after deliberation 
brought in a verdict of not guilty, at the same time 
recommending that methods of production and market¬ 
ing be improved and acreage reduced. Many important 
new points and a great deal of data were brought out 
in this trial in a highly interesting and novel way The 
trial will be presented again at the Allentown Farmers’ 
Institute on the evening of November 20, where a large 
crowd is expected to hear the arguments presented on 
this important problem. 
T HIS question was submitted to the Conservation 
Commissioner and the following reply is made: 
The conservation law permits the posting of lands 
and prohibits the taking of any game on property posted 
in accordance with the law. Weasels and foxes are not 
protected, and there is no violation of the conservation 
law in their being taken with traps set as described in 
tfie letter. If the traps should catch any protected ani¬ 
mal, that would be a violation of the law. If the land is 
legally posted, no one has a right to hunt or fish there¬ 
on without the owner’s written permission. As to any 
damage or injury that might be received by a person or 
dog crossing such land and getting into a trap set 
thereon, that is a matter that is not covered by the con¬ 
servation law. 
Neither the dog nor his owner has any right on 
posted land. They would be regarded as trespassers. 
The question of damage to a dog caught as this one 
was would be a question for a jury. The outcome 
would probably depend on the sentiment of the com¬ 
munity. % 
Avhicli was nearly double the number planted by this 
class of organizations a year ago. 
initial bbinting in a 100-acre forest to be known 
as the Women s Federation Forest was made in October 
by, officers of the New York State Federation of Wom- 
C on a tract of land a few miles south of Glens 
I alls; .>2,0()() trees were planted on this tract in <)<•- 
tobei, and 68,000 more will be planted next Spring. The 
starting of this forest marks a new phase in reforest¬ 
ing work, and already plans are under consideration 
*°. 1 \ th ® starting of other forests in other parts of the 
'State by organizations of women who are interested in 
the reclamation of idle land. 
Ihe village of Warsaw, Wyoming County, started a 
municipal forest this Fall with 20,(MX) trees, and will 
add to this from season to season until a considerable 
area ot bare Avatershed has been reforested. 
Farmers and City Winter Work 
A READER Avho lives near Buffalo, N. Y., sends 
us the following, printed in a Buffalo paper. 
Our friend wants to know if this is not a good sam¬ 
ple of “bunk”: 
Editor Evening News: 
W hy is it that our local factories first give work to 
farmers instead of residents here in Buffalo, who live 
here, pay rents or own homes, and who must work in 
this city? 
Why should the farmers, when their season is over, 
or they want to fix themselves for the Winter, be given 
employment, and city men, most of them with families, 
be turned down? 
The farmers as a rule have their cellars filled Avith 
food supplies for the Winter and they are not up 
against the high prices for butter, eggs, milk, etc., which 
the men in the city must face all Winter. The city 
worker cannot deposit his pay in a bank every week, as 
does the farmer—and I knoAV what I am talking about 
—for there are just such farmers who have come in 
early and who have good jobs in some local factories. 
They don’t have to spend much, so they can salt away 
their weekly pay in the bank. 
Against The Child Labor Amendment 
I want to thank The R. N.-Y. for its. attitude and 
splendid editorials on the child labor amendment to the 
Federal Constitution, now pending before the Legis¬ 
latures of the several States for ratification. 
To invest the Congress of the United States with the 
power to prohibit any boy or girl under 18 years of 
age from earning an honest dollar by honest labor, 
would be a very serious mistake. It would likely result 
in closing the surest avenue now open to young folks 
for their highest mental, moral and physical improve¬ 
ment, and the attainment of the sturdy qualities which 
make for business success, good citizenship and well- 
rounded manhood and womanhood. 
If the amendment should be adopted there is no doubt 
that Congress would go the limit. The tendency of 
Congress is to exercise all the power entrusted to it 
Avithin the limits of the Constitution, and sometimes 
more. More boys and girls go to the “demnition bow¬ 
wows” because they were not brought up to work than 
because they were brought up to work. It is the poor 
boy, trained in habits of thrift and industry, Avho makes 
good. We have wasted too much sympathy on the poor 
boy. The poor boy who has been brought up to work 
and save, and has pounded into him the fact that he 
must work out his own salvation through his own 
efforts, is not the boy who starts off in life with a han¬ 
dicap. It is the other fellow who is handicapped ; the 
boy brought up in the midst of surroundings where 
every wish is gratified without effort on his part; the 
boy who gets the idea that success comes without effort; 
that is the boy who starts off in life with a handicap— 
a fearful handicap—and only a miracle can save him 
from falling by the wayside. The chances are heavily 
against him. 
Not long since I was talking w« v h a lawyer who has 
attained eminence in his profession on both sides of the 
Atlantic. He was in a reminiscent mood. He told me 
how he had worked and struggled in his boyhood days. 
Then he said : “That early experience and training has 
been of inestimable value to me throughout my profes¬ 
sional life.” Then he added: “It is a problem fo>* us 
Does it Pay to Grade Apples Closely? 
• Is ifc * P^ tica l and ,loes i(; P fl y to pack two or three 
sizes ot A grade apples, or does the market want them 
all packed together? If the latter is true, it is much to 
my surprise. A few days ago a speculator came into a 
packing-house in which I was working, to buy some 
apples, which he accordingly did. The owner was mak- 
i."g t™ grades or sizes, namely, 3-in„ 2%-in. and 244- 
in. Ihe speculator immediately instructed the latter 
he was packing his apples wrong, and that it did not 
pay to make more than one grade, namely, 244-in. 
minimum. I do not believe and do not think it practical 
to pack a 2%-m. apple, which is surprisingly small 
Wl,h a large apple that in most varieties would meas¬ 
ure d/j in. or more. Certainly the package is unsightly 
and unattractive as compared with a truly uniform 
grade. R T M 
Red Hook, N. Y. ’ 
An experience of this kind is nothing new in the apple 
game. It is one of the many discouragements met with 
in each attempt to better the grading and packing of 
^ 18 the . self-satisfied, unprogressive attitude— 
afraid of anything new—that characterizes too many 
follower of the old selling methods. Eventually they 
will be forced to bow to improvements, as, of course 
doin“ 0re progressive handlers of fruit are constantly 
• s . a ys that he does not believe in packing 244 - 
ln. and 3%-in, apples together, and I must agree. Yet 
in the old school of ‘‘the face sells the pack,” the 3*4- 
m. apples were used to face the barrel and the 244-in. 
apples filled it up. When marked “2%-in. A Grade” 
and placed alongside a barrel of similar grade, but. 
which was faced with a representative 2 1 /r>-in. face the 
advantage was obviously with the barrel with the larger- 
sized face. This is one reason why the buyers prefer 
apples graded “2% in. and up,” or “2% in. and up”— 
expecting of course, that any especially large ones will 
be used for facers and so give the package better ap¬ 
pearance. 
In past years there is no question but that cash re- 
™ ri ? 8 .would have borne out the speculator’s statement 
that it did not pay to grade closely. Yet every year 
sees the drift moving more and more the other wav 
though even now it does not always pay to - grade too 
closely I or those growers whose fruit is put onto the 
market to sell by the face, a few over-size apples help 
to move the fruit and are well worth including. And 
furthermore, there are many growers whose methods of 
handling fruit in the orchard without close grading 
meets their needs with a better money return than 
would close sizing in a packing shed. For them the 
nail-inch sizes are close enough. 
On the other hand, where co-operative organizations 
or individuals are interested in developing a certain 
brand and grade of fruit of their own, then they take 
upon themselves the task of educating the market to an 
appreciation of their product—often an expensive 
schooling for an unwilling pupil. And in this long up¬ 
hill educative process some have felt that the task was 
too great, and have returned to the old “2y a -in. and up” 
standard. It is at this point of standardization and 
giading that the co-operative organizations are exertinir 
tiemendous influence for good, and are blazing the way ■ 
at their own expense for the rest of folks to follow 
when once it has been proven the profitable way. 
,, new York apple grading law requires that 
the face represent the pack. This is another construc¬ 
tive step towards better sizing. The introduction of the 
box and carton packs has demanded close sizing in order 
to have fruit that will fit the containers—still another 
step forward. Better packages and better fruit always 
mean better sizing and better grading, as the Western 
fruit growers will testify. All signs on the Eastern 
horizon point towards better fruit, and with it is com¬ 
ing the really profitable way to handle good fruit— 
namely, closely sized and well graded, it. b, tukey. 
