1568 
< Ph RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 20, 1924 
ENGLISH ARMY 
Blankets 
CHOICE .OF l 
GRAY or BROWN' 
ALL WOOL 
EXTRA HEAVY 
A practical household necessity use¬ 
ful for chilly nights. Makes a 
wonderful laprobe. Take advan¬ 
tage of this exceptional offer. 
TRIANGLE ARMY STORE 
132-186 Flatbush Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y, 
Send 15c Extra for Parcel Post 
FREE 
to early ..... 
chick W4[Ue Legforii 
buyers CHJCKS 
Our monthly bulletins on feeding, 
housing, culling and care of prultry. 
Send name, address. No obligation. 
RURAL POULTRY FARM 
Box 103 Zeeland, Mich. 
AG ENTS ileii Standard LO-GLO Electric 
WANTED Incubators and Brooders,only 
system using light. Can be used with any voltage—32 to 
250. Liberal commissions. STAN IfaAKII ELECT I. IO 
INOU ISATOIt CO., Inc., 76-R, Greenwich St., New York 
YAMA FARMS barred AS rocks 
Minorcas lay tho largest and whitest lien’s eggs known. 
Fulletc, 5 to « lbs., #2.76 ; lbs., #2 ; 344 and 4 lbs , #1.50 
each. Cockerels and cocks, 5 and * lbs., #4 ; 7 and 8 lb. 
hens. #2.25. One good type large cockerel included with 
10 hens. Yams Harms and Cash strain barred Rocks. 
Pullets, March and April batch, #2.50; May and June, 
#1.75. July 1st pullets, extra well bred, no culls, 314 to 4 
lbs., #1.60 each. A good type, well bred cockerel in¬ 
cluded with 12 pullets. All stock descended from Madison 
Square winners, free from disease and in good condition. 
E. B. Taylor l ama 1'arrai Napunorb, Dakar Co., N. T, 
LACK OF ROOM COMPELS ME TO SELL 
50 S. C White Leghorn Yearling Hens 
50 large June hatched Pullets at #1 each. Also 35 S. C. 
White Leghorn Cockerels at *1.50 each or two for #8. 
C. W. HORAN R. D. 1 Norfolk, N. Y. 
Pullets and Cockerels 
Range raised. Tested for B, W. Diarrhoea. Park’s 
Barred Rock, Wyckoff’s and Hollywood S.O. White 
Leghorns, Vibert’s S. C. R. I. Reds. Free from 
disease. Satisfaction Guaranteed. 
A. H. FINGAR Sunnybrook Poultry Farm Elizaville, N Y. 
Northern Grown *. t Red Chicks 
State Certified free from White Diarrhoea. Our hardy 
Jan. and Feb. hatched chicks are naturally adapted to 
Winter brooding and pay big profits as early broilers. 
Catalog free. Maple Hill Farms, Walpole, Now Hampshire 
25 R. I. RED PULLETS 
25 B Plymouth Rock Pullets, ready to lay, 82 ea. 
100 June hatched S. O, W. L. Pullets, 81.50 each. 
A. H. Penny Mattituck, L. I., N. Y. 
For Sale-50 White Wyandotte Pullets 
Ready to lay, 83 each. 100 S. O. W. Leghorn pul¬ 
lets. nearly ready to lay, 81.50 each. 
H. L. GASKILL Lockport, N. Y. R. 8 
COCKERELS, $3 ; Pullets, $2. Winners, 
Cleveland, Chicago. Egg Bred. Cata- 
hile Wyandotte Specialist, Mansfield, Ohio 
B UFF WYANDOTTE cockerels. April hatched. Carefully se¬ 
lected. Miss Minnie M. Jones, Potlslown, Pa. Slar Route 
★ ★ 
George Phillips’ White Leghorn Chicks 
$22 per 100 March and April if ordered now; 
safe delivery guaranteed; from stock I have 
pedigreed seven years, producing my pens that 
won 2d at Farmingdale, N. Y., contest two years 
and 2d for six coldest months one year at both 
Storrs, Conn., and Vineland, N. J. contests, with 
individual yearly records up to 204 eggs. Foun¬ 
dation Barron stock with introductions of high 
record Hollywood. My greatest weekly output 
is never over 1,800 chicks, so order early. 
I'aaLoi'oIc Straight Hollywood (also Barron- 
wOCKcicId Hollywood) pleasing birds, full of 
life, $6 for one; additional ones, $4. Must please 
or your money back. 
GEORGE PHILLIPS, R. 25, North Haven, Conn. 
S. C. Wh. Leghorns Exclusively slgJiSIs 
Principal winners at N. Y. State Fair and N. Y. State 
Production Siiow, Ithaca, N. Y. Why! We breed for 
eggs with Standard Qualities always in mind. Founda¬ 
tion Stock. Certified males. Write us for further infor¬ 
mation. CLOVEROAI.E POULTRY FARM 
F. J. DeHart, Prop. It. V. li. No. 1 Cortland, N.Y. 
Wanted-2-Yr.-Old Hen Turkeys Holland 
breed. 2-yr. old game hens. State prices. Book on 
Pheasant raising. John Kick, West Leesport, Pa. 
D-J from prize winners. Pure bred. 
bourbon Red lurkeys Young and old stock for sale. 
Mrs. D. M SMITH - Rodman, New York 
White Holland Turkeys Ownlamf Firm, Bex 497, Hammond N.Y. 
White Wyandotte 
logue. Bowdon, Vt 
Mammoth BronzeTurkeysmut brook FARM^^pa^Mj 
Tiirbauo Wild and 44 wild stock. Over year hens and 
lurneys toms. Ve ry fine. Mrs. J. C. LUKENS, Oxford, l’a. 
Wonlorl_buff Cochin bantam females, White Fantail 
nanicu Pigeons, Peafowl, especially females, Laven¬ 
der and White Guinea fowl, White Silkie females. Dark 
Corni-h Indian Games, Black Minorca pullets. Old breed¬ 
ing trios White and Brown Chinese, Toulouse and Embden 
Geese. Indian Runner Ducks, Bronze and White turkey 
hens. Wood ducks, Reeve’s pheasants. When writing state 
variety, number, sex, age, condition and price. 
Q. D. TILLEY - Darien, Conn. 
Buff Orpington Hens w . y. 
ANPAIIAO Sheppard Strain. Cockerels, pullets, hens, 
HllwlMIHd $o .*3 each. <5. SIMMS llox Y I,afar, N. Y. 
Horning’s Bourbon Reds FLORA HORNING Onr-fo, N, Y, 
INCUBATOR BARGAlNS c aYdYe-^Y I s p H HE°Ri 
RHOODER8 used Newtown, Xls, §22.50. New Sim¬ 
plex H off list. Justa Poultry Fa^n, Southampton, N.Y. 
The Henyard 
Questions About Capons 
Last Summer we had about 90 roosters 
caponized, and now we find that about 
two-thirds of them are slips. Some peo¬ 
ple tell us we feed them too much and 
they have grown too fast, while others 
say incisions should have been made on 
both sides, as it is impossible to make a 
good job of it by making only one open¬ 
ing. Can you give us the reason we have 
so many slips? Is it true that the capon 
market does not open until February, 
and, if so, the reason for it? Our capons 
weigh seven or eight pounds now, and are 
poor in flesh, but we could fatten them 
in a short time, and wish to dispose of 
them as soon as prices are right, j. w. 
New York. 
No doubt the reason for such a large 
percentage of slips in your flock is that 
they were too old and large when the 
operation was performed, which makes it 
very difficult to avoid a large proportion 
of slips. It is not necessary to make an 
opening on both sides if you have the 
proper instruments and know how to 
use them. 
The best market for capons is usually 
in February, but they may be sold earlier 
or later. I do not know any reason for 
this except that the biggest rush of live 
fowls, broilers and roasters, is over at 
this time, and the capons fill a demand 
for fresh stock before the next broiler 
season opens. However, the dealers al¬ 
ways have several million pounds of poul¬ 
try in storage to draw from in case of 
need. Nearly all dealers in live and 
dressed poultry handle capons. 
C. S. GREENE. 
Soft-shelled Eggs 
What can I do for my pullets? They 
lay eggs with a soft shell, and some of 
them without shell. MRS. B. 
See that these pullets have lime enough 
in their ration; crushed oyster shells, to 
be obtained from any feed store, supply 
this, and it should be kept before the 
flock. Give green food also, and see that 
the quarters in which the birds are kept 
obtain all the sunshine that it is possible 
to admit. If you have clover hay, put a 
small forkful of that into the pen daily 
for the birds to scratch over and eat. If 
conditions are right, the laying of soft- 
Shelled eggs should not be more than a 
temporary matter. M. b. d. 
Chickenpox, Diphtheria 
or Roup 
I have a large flock of young hens 
which have large blotches on the right 
side of their combs; also on their bills. 
They have a thick white coating on their 
tongues that fills their throats so that 
they cannot shut their mouths. They die 
very quickly with it. They are kept in a 
clean house with plenty of straw and 
gravel. Sunshine comes through the win¬ 
dows, so they get all the light they need. 
The henhouse is fumigated every so often. 
Another flock has paralyzed legs, and lie 
on side so they cannot stand up to eat. 
The pens are warm where both flocks are 
kept. Would you give me some advice? 
What can I do to help the hens? A. w. 
I am afraid that you have chickenpox, 
bird diphtheria or roup in these flocks, or 
all combined, for there seems to be but 
little distinction between these diseases 
as they often exist in fowls. If your hens 
die quickly after showing this disease, it 
must be present in severe form. Sick 
birds should be removed from the flock 
and placed by themselves. Painting the 
eruption upon the comb and beak and the 
patches within the mouth with tincture 
of iodine, and repeating after a few 
hours, if necessary, will probably remove 
them. Treatment of severe cases of roup 
is not very satisfactory, but among well- 
recommended measures are, in addition to 
the above, washing out the nostrils, eyes 
and mouth with a solution of boric acid 
in water—a strong solution may be made, 
as this remedy is not irritating—then 
dipping the fowl’s head for an instant 
into a solution of corrosive sublimate in 
water of the strength of l-to-1.000. The 
same substance may be used in the drink¬ 
ing water, but only in the strength of 1- 
to-10,000. This is a poison and should 
be used carefully ; your druggist or phys¬ 
ician can furnish you with tablets for 
convenient making of the required solu¬ 
tions and tell you what amount of water 
to use with each tablet. In milder cases 
the fowl’s head may be dipped beneath 
the surface of a bucket of water covered 
with kerosene or coal oil. Houses should 
be kept dry and clean and well ventilated. 
Fumigation is of little or no value. Win¬ 
dows should be kept open upon one side 
of the house, so that it will not become 
damp in cold weather. It is impossible 
to keep a closed house dry. A damp, 
dark house favors the quick spread of this 
disease, which is very contagious and 
may be carried upon utensils used in 
feeding a flock or upon the hands or feet 
of caretakers who go from one flock to 
another. Partly cured fowls may carry 
the disease over from one season to an¬ 
other, and it is often a question whether 
it is not better to kill and bury a hen 
with roup than to attempt to cure it, 
with very possible only partial success 
and subsequent trouble from a condition 
which becomes chronic and makes the 
fowl a carrier of the disease to other and 
healthy ones. m. b. d. 
Hens with Eye Trouble 
I keep about GO head of poultry. About 
three weeks ago I noticed one hen with 
one eye closed. As she ate well and did 
not appear sick, I took it for a mechan¬ 
ical injury of some kind. Now five others 
have the same thing. Some of them you 
can open the eye socket and see that 
there is no eye there. These birds do not 
appear sick; combs bright, the opposite 
eye clear and bright; most of them in 
good flesh; no discharge from nostrils or 
mouth, as in roup. In every case only 
one eye is affected, the other being nor¬ 
mal. In one or two there are a few hard, 
small, dark spots -on the comb. Can you 
suggest what this might he? If any dis¬ 
ease, isn’t it strange that it only takes 
one eye? The last one to be attacked has 
a frothy appearance of the eye, which is 
not yet closed. a. n. s. 
Roup may affect but one eye and de¬ 
stroy it by the resulting inflammation. It 
is strange that, with the freedom of com¬ 
munication with the other eye that is 
present, only one should be affected. The 
frothiness that you speak of is one of the 
first symptoms of the inflammation pres¬ 
ent ; careful observation would doubtless 
reveal others. The hard, dark spots upon 
the comb are often found in connection 
with roup, and may be of the same forma¬ 
tion as those found in chickenpox. The 
sick birds should be removed from the 
flock and treated or disposed of, since 
roup in any of its manifestations is trans- 
mittable to healthy fowls. M. b. d. 
Poultry Manure; Henhouse 
Windows 
1. I want to know of a good cash crop 
that will grow in a field that is partly 
shaded in the morning. I have a field, 
about two acres, that is very fertile, but 
trees at the end of it shade it in the morn¬ 
ing. I had cabbage in it this year, and 
the part that was shaded barely grew. 
Would poultry manure an inch thick all 
over the field be good for it? 2. I have 
just built a new henhouse 50x20 ft., 7 ft. 
in front and 5% ft. in rear. I boarded 
up 8 ft. from the bottom, leaving six 
window spaces 34x34 in. The next 3 fr. 
are entirely open, with muslin curtains to 
be used in stormy weather. The last foot 
is boarded up. This coop is single-board¬ 
ed (boards close together), covered with 
three-ply tar paper. What do you think 
of this plan? 3. My pullets were laying 
about 70 eggs per day. They went without 
mash two days and dropped to 11 eggs. 
After two weeks they are up to 25 per 
day. Would missing mash two days cause 
this lay-off? They were without oyster 
shell the same length of time. 4. Would 
a farmer this far from New York make 
any money shipping stove wood in car¬ 
load lots? What is the average price of 
wood in New York? c. J. M. 
1. Poultry manure an inch deep over 
most fields would be a fine thing for them, 
though it would not produce cash crops 
beneath the shade of large trees. I know 
of no crop that can successfully compete 
with trees for needed sunshine, air, heat, 
moisture and plant food ; not if the trees 
get there first. A heavy application of 
poultry manure to a garden or field al¬ 
ready highly fertilized might cause plants 
to “run to tops.” Such manure is rich in 
nitrogen, and nitrogen is the element that 
especially encourages growth of stem and 
leaf. It needs balancing with potash and 
sulphur. 
2. If your “window spaces” are fitted 
with sash, I should prefer to have them 
above the permanent openings. I am not 
sure, however, that I get the idea. Per¬ 
haps your windows and openings are on 
the same level. 
3. Yes, any sudden change in the feed¬ 
ing of laying pullets may cause drop in 
production, and perhaps a partial molt. 
Care must be taken in this respect. 
4. My understanding is that there is 
little market for firewood in New York 
that can be profitably supplied by farmers 
at a distance. Of course, few city people 
burn wood except in open fireplaces, and 
comparatively few there. M. b. d. 
Comparison of Apples and 
Mangels for Succulence 
What is the relative value of good, 
sound 'Winter apples, as compared to 
mangel beets and cabbage as a succulent 
feed for poultry during the Winter? We 
have 600 hens and pullets. Disease de¬ 
stroyed part of our cabbage crop, and we 
would like to substitute apples if they 
will fill the bill. We can buy cabbage 
fairly reasonably if the apples are not as 
good. M. w. B. 
• 
All these are succulent foods, of value 
as appetizers and “regulators,” as well as 
for the nutriment they contain. Apples 
rank highest in total digestible nutri¬ 
ment, containing about 16 lbs. per 100, as 
against the approximately 7 lbs. found in 
cabbages and mangel beets. The protein 
content of all of these is too low to make 
that element one to be considered, though 
the green outside leaves of cabbage are 
also comparatively rich in needed vita¬ 
mins. I think that cabbages would be 
preferred by most poultrymen if all had 
to be purchased, but I know of no reason 
why apples may not be substituted if at 
hand. Perhaps the reason that they are 
not more generally used is that they are 
both more expensive if purchased and not 
available as an annual crop upon any 
land. M. b. D. 
Thin Fowls 
We have about 60 mature fowls. I 
feed them about 6 lbs. cracked corn 
mornings, the same amount oats at night. 
Through the day I give them the same 
dish of middlings, weighs about 3 lbs., 
mixed with oyster shells and beef scraps. 
They seem to be healthy, but there is 
nothing but skin and bone when I kill 
them for dressing. I killed two young 
roosters, 44/2 months old, the two weighed 
3 lbs. and it is the same if I kill an old 
hen. ’ MRS. T. H. 
If these fowls are healthy, but poor in 
flesh, there can be but one explanation, 
they have not had enough to eat. Try 
giving them corn in the morning, mixed 
with oats and such other grains as you 
may have, giving them what they will 
readily clean up and appear satisfied 
with. Oats may not be readily eaten, 
but some will doubtless be consumed. 
If you do not wish to feed anything but 
middlings as a dry mash, mix one-fifth 
part by weight of beef scrap with this, 
making 10 lbs. to the hundred, and give 
the oyster shells separately in an open 
box to which the hens may go at any 
time. It will be better to give a balanced 
mash, such as 20 lbs. each of eornmeal, 
ground oats, wheat middlings, wheat bran 
and meat scrap, keeping this before them, 
dry, all of the time. To prevent waste 
it should be fed in a hopper or in open 
boxes guarded by wire netting. Large 
mesh hardware cloth cut to fit just in¬ 
side a box and laid directly upon the 
mash in the box will prevent the scratch¬ 
ing out and wasting of the mash. The 
fowls will eat the mash through the 
meshes as the wire follows the ground 
grain down. If you prefer, you may 
feed the mash moistened at noon, here 
again giving all that the birds will quick¬ 
ly clean up. The last thing before the 
flock goes to roost at night, give all the 
corn, whole or cracked, that will be eat¬ 
en. If you have table wastes to feed, not 
as much grain will be eaten, but the fowls 
should have all that they want. Keep 
water always before them and feed any 
green stuff or vegetables that you have 
once daily in addition to the grain. The 
rule is, feed all that will be eaten with¬ 
out waste and without cloying the appe¬ 
tites so that the birds will not be hun¬ 
gry for their next meal. M. b. d. 
Poor Laying 
What is the matter with our chickens? 
They don’t seem to start to lay this Fall 
at all. Our chickens have laid well the 
whole Summer, but now the old ones 
have molted about two months. We got 
three dozen daily from 300 old liens, 
now we just get 1% dozen a day. We 
have about 400 May-hatched pullets. We 
just get about 20 eggs a day. How 
much should they lay? When do Leg¬ 
horn pullets start to lay? We feed them 
scratch feed in the morning of cracked 
corn and wheat; mash before them all 
the time, eornmeal, middlings, bran and 
meat scraps. We give wheat and corn 
on ear in the evening. They have cab¬ 
bage and mangels every day and some 
sour skim-milk. We give them plenty 
of fresh water. Should they be kept 
in the coop all day? We let them out all 
day only when it is cold we have them 
cooped. * Both poultry houses are new, 
warm and built just as. it tells in the 
bulletins. We have no lights for them 
How soon will the year-old hens start to 
lay? mbs. e. T. 
Your old fowls are probably in full molt 
now, and will not lay much before the first 
of the year, just when depends very 
largely upon the inherited ability to lay 
and the care given. Many farm flocks' 
will not lay until Spring. Feed them 
just as well as though they were lay¬ 
ing heavily and, if you have good quar¬ 
ters for them, keep them indoors. It is 
impossible to tell why hens do not lay 
as well as they should without knowing 
all about their age, breeding, feeding and 
care. Perhaps a considerable number 
of these should have been culled out in 
August, as early molters and unprofitable 
layers. Leghorn pullets should begin to 
lay after they reach the age of five 
months. May pullets may be expected to' 
lay up to 50 per cent in November. Here 
again the actual production will be gov¬ 
erned by many factors, some of them op¬ 
erative from the time of hatching, and, 
indeed, before. To lay well, pullets must' 
be hatched from good stock and fed and 
cared for during their growing period so 
that they will go into Winter quarters 
fully developed and in good flesh. Hens 
must not be too old and must also re¬ 
ceive the food and care that they need. 
To tell just what these things are, in the 
case of pullets and hens, would be to dis¬ 
cuss the whole practice of poultry keep¬ 
ing, from start to finish. Very" likely, 
however, a good poultry-keeper couid 
point out any errors in your own meth¬ 
ods if he could visit your place. M. b. d. 
