6i 
Westminster Nursery, Westminster, Maryland 
Orchard and Small Fruit Planting Suggestions 
Apple orchards are usually planned in such a manner that 
the “permanent” trees are set at the proper distances re¬ 
quired when they are fully grown and developed; “filler” 
trees are set between the permanents and can be removed 
as the permanent trees develop. Usually the filler trees are 
chosen for their compact growth and early fruiting habit, thus 
giving the orchardist an early income; the permanent varie¬ 
ties are usually chosen because of their larger, more spread¬ 
ing and later fruiting habits. All varieties of Peach trees 
make excellent fillers. 
The following diagrams are ideal orchard plans: 
Suggested Permanent Varieties 
Duchess of Oldenburg 
Maiden Blush 
Mammoth Black Twig 
Ram bo 
Smokehouse 
Spitzenberg 
Stark 
Tolman Sweet 
Winter Paradise 
York Imperial 
SQUARE PLAN for Setting Orchard. 
Open circle represents permanents, 40 feet apart; and dots 
fillers, 20 feet apart. The latter to be removed in twenty years. 
These are distances adopted by most planters. 
TRIANGULAR PLAN for Setting Orchard. 
A permanent set, 40 feet apart; C and B fillers, 20 feet 
apart. C fillers to be removed in fifteen years; B fillers to 
be removed in twenty-five years. These are distances adopted 
by most planters. 
Suitable Distances for Planting 
Varieties Feet 
Apples . -50 to 40 
Apricots . 16 to 18 
Asparagus, in beds . 1 by \'/ 2 
Asparagus, in fields. 1 by 4 
Blackberries . 3 to 5 
Cherries, sour . 15 to 18 
Cherries, sweet . 18 to 20 
Currants . 3 to 4 
Dewberries . 3 to 5 
Gooseberries . 3 to 4 
Grapes . 6 to 10 
Horseradish . 1 by 3 
Mulberries . 10 to 12 
Nut Trees: 
Butternut . 40 to 60 
Filbert . 15 to 20 
Pecan . 40 to 60 
Walnut . 40 to 60 
Peaches . 16 to 18 
Pears . 18 to 20 
Plums . 16 to 20 
Quince . 10 to 12 
Raspberries . 3 to 5 
Rhubarb . 2 by 4 
Strawberries (See) . V/ 2 by V/ 2 
Suggested Filler Varieties 
Delicious Wealthy 
Grimes Golden Winter Banana 
Jonathan Yellow Transparent 
Stayman’s Winesap 
All varieties of Peach trees. 
Approximate Time Required for Our 
Fruit Trees to Bear Fruit 
After Planting 
Varieties Years 
Apples: 
Delicious . 4 
Duchess of Oldenburg. 3 
Grimes Golden . 3 
Hyslop Crab Apple. 3 
Jonathan . 4 
Maiden Blush . 3 
Mammoth Black Twig . 5 
Rambo . 4 
Smokehouse . 4 
Spitzenberg . 7 
Stark . 4 
Stayman’s Winesap . S 
Tolman Sweet . 7 
Wealthy . 3 
Winter Banana . 4 
Winter Paradise . 7 
Yellow Transparent . 3 
York Imperial . 4 
Cherries: 
Sour Varieties . 2 
Sweet Varieties . 7 
Mulberries . 3 
Peaches . 2 
Pears (some varieties earlier). 5 
Plums . 2 
Quince . 2 
Number of Trees or Plants to an x\cre 
The following 1 
table will show how 
many trees or plants 
are required for 
an acre if planted 
apart at the distances 
specified. 
Feet 
Number Required, 
Number Required, 
Planted Apart 
Square Method 
Triangular Method 
40. 
. 27. 
. 31 
35. 
. 35. 
30. 
. 50. 
. 55 
25. 
. 70. 
. 80 
20. 
. 110. 
. 125 
18. 
. 135. 
. 155 
15. 
. 195. 
. 225 
12 . 
. 305. 
. 350 
10 . 
. 435. 
8. 
. 680. 
. 775 
6. 
. 1.210. 
. 1,600 
5. 
. 1.745. 
. 2,010 
4 . 
. 2.722. 
. 3.145 
3 . 
. 4,840. 
2 . 
. 10,890. 
.12.575 
1 . 
. 43,560. 
. 50.300 
