TOTTY’S, MADISON, N. J. - OlltdOOV RoSCS 
ROSES FOR OUTDOOR PLANTING 
CULTURAL NOTES 
The Soil 
The soil which best suits the Rose is a deep, unctuous loam, with free drainage, as Roses do 
not thrive where there is stagnant moisture. If these conditions are not to be had naturally, they 
must, as far as possible, be provided. In the first place, if drainage is bad, the soil must be thrown 
out to a depth of 18 inches, and, if it is not convenient to use tiles, about 5 or 6 inches of broken 
bricks or other tough material should be thrown in the bottom, and a layer of turf laid on top, 
grassy side down. On the top of the turf should be placed a layer of well-decayed farmyard man¬ 
ure, then a light layer of soil, and another layer of manure, on top of which should lie placed the 
remainder of the soil, to which, if light and sandy, should be added a liberal supply of well- 
chopped-up turf, raising the whole of the bed to a height of about 12 inches above the original 
level of the soil. In case of heavy land, a layer of lime rubble should be added, as this will help 
to sweeten the soil. 
Planting 
Should be deferred until the soil is in proper condition to receive 
the plants, as it is a great mistake to plant in wet soil. Teas and 
Hybrid Teas should be planted about 18 inches apart and the 
Hybrid Perpetuals 2 feet apart, keeping all manure away from 
direct contact with the roots when planting. Firm the soil well 
around the plants and give a thorough watering. 
Pruning 
All the short, prematurely ripened wood and all small shoots 
should be cut clean away, leaving just the strongest shoots, from 
4 to 6 inches long. Pruning should be done immediately after the 
plants are set out, if it has not been previously done. The blooms 
must be cut olF so as to induce new, strong shoots. The best shoots 
that make long stemmed Roses come from the lowest 6 inches of 
the bush, so prune severely if long stems are desired. Do not 
prune after September 1st, as the new growth thereafter will be 
too soft to live over the Winter. This close pruning does not apply 
to the Hardy Climbers or Ramblers; these should be shortened 
back if they have grown beyond their allotted space and thin out 
the very small shoots. 
Protection 
Before the ground freezes solid the soil should be pulled up 
around the base of the plants, 7 or 8 inches, and the surface of 
the bed afterward well covered with dried leaves or cornstalks. 
When so protected, even the most tender varieties of Hybrid 1 ea 
Roses are entirely hardy. 
Insects 
Caterpillars and Rose grubs are the worst pests that attack 
roses, and these should be destroyed by hand-picking when they 
first appear. Green flies are also troublesome in most sections but 
if the plants are syringed carefully with a solution of soft soap 
in the proportion of one pound to six gallons of water with some 
tobacco dust added to the same it will be found effective. 
For Sucking Insects—Aphis, etc., that curl the leaves and spoil 
the buds. 1 teaspoon “Black Leaf 40, ’ 1 ounce laundry soap, 
melted, 1 gallon of water. 
For Leaf-eating Insects, Worms, and Beetles—1 ounce Arsenate 
of Lead, \ x /i gallons of water. 
Combination Fungicide and Insecticide—Pyrox, Bordeaux Mix¬ 
ture and Arsenate of Lead, 5 ounces of Pyrox to 1 gallon of water, 
a teaspoon of “Black Leaf 40.” 
Mildew 
This will appear on rose plants in the early autumn or during 
the summer if the weather is very, very wet. The best preventative 
is Sulphide of Potassium used in the proportion of ’4 ounce to a 
gallon of water and sprayed on the foliage once a week, when the 
mildew first makes its appearance. 
Black Spot 
Sulphur lead dust, applied every two weeks, from May to Fall, 
or Bordeaux Mixture—5 ounces powder to 1 gallon of water. 
(This discolors foliage slightly.) 
Fertilizer 
Commercial tankage may be applied once a month, one handful 
to each bush, well raked in. If possible to procure some well rotted 
cow manure, put on during August as a mulch, or apply liquid 
cow manure diluted until it is the color of strong tea, one small 
dipperful to each bush twice a month until September 1st. 
Watering 
Soak the beds once every ten days and spray plants twice a 
week with as much force as possible with a nozzle on the hose. 
This helps control insects and keeps the wood soft enough to 
grow. This should be done early in the morning or sufficiently 
early in the afternoon so they will not he wet overnight. 
Cultivation 
Stir the soil frequently, hut do not cultivate deeper than 2 to 3 
inches as the fine feeding roots must not be disturbed. 
Note—(Protection) Be sure you do not uncover too early, as the 
Spring sun and winds cause great damage, to plants. 
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