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confederation of Bar was declared, which he was 
invited to join by Marshal Pulawsky ; and, in conse¬ 
quence, he entered into the combined army at Cracow, 
under the command of Marshal Czarnovvsky. Here 
he was made prisoner by the Muscovites, but ran¬ 
somed himself with the sum of two thousand ducats. 
He next obtained the rank of colonel and general, 
under the confederation of Bar, and served against 
the Muscovites in several engagements; till at last 
he was wounded and taken prisoner, with several 
other noblemen, and was carried to Cazan; from 
whence he found means to transmit a letter to 
the Bishop of Cracow, acquainting him with his 
situation. 
Being allowed his liberty in the city, he was re¬ 
quested by two princes, who, like himself, were cap¬ 
tives, .to convey letters to Kaluga, which task he 
executed by a stratagem : from Kaluga he went to 
Cazan, where he was again put under arrest and taken 
to Kaluga, whence he had just before returned, after 
executing the commissions entrusted to his care. 
At Kaluga he found means to engage the governor 
in his interest, and they concerted together a plan 
of escape to Poland. Every thing was ready to faci¬ 
litate their flight, when an officer of the guards arrived 
from Petersburg, with orders to put the governor under 
arrest. The latter, however, prevented the execution 
of these orders by killing the officer, and sought safety 
by flight. 
Benyowsky and the rest of the prisoners were 
