Life at Banza Nokki . 
(chap. viii.). M. Valdez (ii. 150) more sensibly 
records that the first jaga established in Portu¬ 
guese territory was called Colaxingo (Kolas- 
hingo), and that his descendants were named 
“ Jagas,” like the Egyptian Pharaohs, the Roman 
Caesars, the Austrian Kaisers, and the Russian 
Czars : he also reminds us (p. 150) that the chief 
of the Bangalas inhabiting Cassange (= Kasanjl) 
was the Jaga or ruler par excellence. 
Early on the morning of September 11, I was 
aroused by a ‘‘bob” in the open before us. We 
started up, fearing that some death by accident 
had taken place : the occasion proved, on the con¬ 
trary, to be one of ushering into life. The women 
were assembled in a ring round the mother, and 
each howled with all the might of her lungs, 
either to keep off some evil spirit or to drown the 
sufferers cries. In some parts of Africa, the Gold 
Coast for instance, it is considered infamous for a 
woman thus to betray her pain, but here we are 
amongst a softer race. 
