REMAINS IN THE COAL-EORMATION OF NOVA SCOTIA. 
631 
holding a sandstone cast of the medullary cylinder, 2 inches in diameter. The 
trunk spreads at base to 3 feet, and extends its Stigmaria roots on the roof of 
the coal. A prostrate and flattened trunk of Lepidojloyos was found imme 
cliately below it. 
No. 19. Extracted in 1876. Diameter, 1 foot 6 inches; basal part, about a foot 
thick and partially compressed, alone seen; the upper part having been 
removed by the sea. The productive matter in its base afforded 13 skeletons 
of Denclrerpeton, Hylonomus, Hylerpetoyi, and Fritschia, besides Millipedes and 
Pupce. 
No. 20. Extracted in 1878. Diameter, 1 foot; distance from No. 18, 126 feet; 
Filled with shaly matter not productive. 
No. 21. Extracted in 1878. Diameter, 1 foot 8 inches; height remaining, 4 feet; 
distant from No. 20 26 feet. About 5 inches of carbonaceous matter in the 
base, containing remains of Hylonomus, Hylerpeton and Smilerpeton. This 
tree is much crushed by lateral pressure at the base, and the bones obtained 
from it were in a fragmentary condition. 
No. 22. Extracted in 1878. Diameter, 2 feet 3 inches; height remaining, 3 feet. 
Filled with sandstone to base, without fossils. 
No. 23. Extracted in 1878. Diameter, 1 foot 6 inches; base only preserved. Close 
to No. 22. Some carbonaceous matter in the base believed to be productive, 
but accidentally mixed with the contents of No. 16. 
No. 24. Extracted in 18 78. Diameter, 15 inches; height remaining, 3 feet; dis¬ 
tant 8 feet from No. 23. A little carbonaceous matter in hard laminse of 
sandstone in base. Contained a few scattered scales and bones of Dendrer- 
peton, and some jointed objects supposed to be insect larvae. 
No. 25. Not extracted. About 18 inches in diameter, and several feet in length. 
Distant 136 feet from No. 24. This trunk is prostrate and partially flattened. 
It is visible only at very low tides, and I had no opportunity to extract it. 
Being prostrate, and so far distant from No. 24, it may possibly mark the 
limit of the erect trees in this direction. 
It will be observed that of the erect trees catalogued above, ten were altogether 
unproductive. Of these, some had evidently been broken down and filled while the 
area was still submerged. Others, on the contrary, had remained inaccessible to 
animals till suddenly filled by the final irruption of sand. The intermediate conditions 
were those favourable to the entombment of land animals. Fifteen trees were more or 
less productive: a remarkable proportion when the combination of circumstances 
necessary to this result is considered. The greater part of the remains have however 
been obtained from nine or ten of the trees catalogued; but some of the others were 
only bases of trunks from which more productive portions may have been removed by 
the sea. The more productive trees are intermixed with the others, and there seems 
4 M 
MDCCCLXXX1I. 
