REMAINS IN THE COAL-FORMATION OE NOVA SCOTIA. 
653 
the McGill University. It shows indications of a fifth toe ; and while the length of 
the foot is less than two inches, the stride is about eight inches, or more than four times 
the length of the foot. 
5. Hylopus T1 circlingi, Dawson. 
['Air-breathers of the Coal Period/ fig. 2, 'Acadian Geology/ 3rd edition* p. 356, 
fig. 139.] 
This specimen, discovered by the late Dr. Harding, of Windsor* in the lower 
carboniferous shales of Parrsboro, indicates an animal of about the same size with 
H. Logani , and possibly nearly allied to it, but with five distinct and subequal toes which 
are long and slender. The footprints are about an inch in length, and those of the 
fore and hind feet are separate and of about equal size and similar form. The most 
remarkable feature of this series is the great length of the stride, which is nearly five 
times the length of the foot, and twice as much as the distance between the rows of 
tracks, apparently indicating that the animal stood as high on its legs as an ordinary 
Mammah 
6. ITylopus Cauclifer, Dawson. 
[' Air-breathers of the Coal Period/ fig. 3.] 
This is a slab with a series of footprints less than an inch in length and five-toed. 
The rows are distant from each other three inches and a-quarter, and the stride is 
three inches. There are at intervals marks of a tail trailed behind-. This impression 
is in my own collection, and is from the middle coal-formation of the South Joggins, 
on gray ripple-marked sandstone. 
In addition to the above, many obscure impressions have been found, which no 
doubt indicate several additional species. It is observable that in all the members of 
the carboniferous series, these footprints have been found most plentifully in the 
vicinity of those old ridges of land based on the older formations, which as I have 
shown in my‘Acadian Geology/ traversed the areas of deposition in Nova Scotia 
in the Carboniferous Period. On these isolated patches of land the Batrachians may 
have continued to exist throughout the period, undisturbed by the oscillations of 
elevation and depression which affected the lower levels. 
It is evident that the smaller footprints to which I have referred under the generic 
name Hylopus, may have been produced by animals akin to those whose remains are 
found in the erect trees, though of somewhat larger dimensions ; and it is instructive 
to observe that at the beginning of the Carboniferous Period there must have existed 
animals of this kind comparable in development of limb with the most highly endowed 
in this way of the Microsauria, and of greater bulk than those whose bones are found 
in the erect trees. 
