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XX Y. 
ST. ALBANS AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. 
By Members of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society. 
(PLATES VII-XII.) 
Contents. 
I. Introduction. By John Hopkinson, F.L.S., F.G.S., A.I.C.E. 
II. Topography. By the same. 
III. Geology. By the same. 
IY. Hydrology. By the same. 
V. Climate. By the same. 
YI. Flora. 
1 . Phanerogamia. By E. J. Salisbury, B.Sc., F.L.S. 
2. Filices, Musci, Hepaticce, and Algce. By the same. 
3. Lichenes, Fungi, and Mycetozoa. By James Saunders, A.L.S. 
VII. Fauna. 
1 . Protozoa. By John Hopkinson, F.L.S. 
2. Mollusca. By Charles Oldham, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. 
3. Insecta. By A. E. Gibbs, F.L.S., F.E.S., F.R.H.S. 
4. Pisces, Batrachia, and Beptilia. By Charles Oldham, F.Z.S. 
5. Aves. By William Bickerton, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. 
6. Mammalia. By Charles Oldham, F.Z.S. 
VIII. Archaeology: By William Page, F.S.A. 
IX. The County Museum. By G. E. Bullen, Curator. 
I. INTRODUCTION. 
The following account of features and objects of scientific 
interest in and around St. Albans has been specially compiled 
for use during the 16th Annual Congress of the South-Eastern 
Union of Scientific Societies, meeting at St. Albans from 7th to 
10th June, 1911, under the presidency of Sir David Grill, K.C.B. 
It is hoped, moreover, that it may also form a scientific guide 
to the city and its immediate neighbourhood of permanent value, 
showing what we now know of the various subjects discussed. It 
will also by its omissions indicate what work there is yet to be 
done to complete our investigations. 
From exigencies of space most of the subjects are treated in 
a very cursory manner, no attempt being made to give complete 
lists of the Fauna and Flora of the district. For such lists it 
is necessary to consult previous volumes of the ‘ Transactions ’ 
of the Watford as well as of the Hertfordshire Natural History 
Society, the ‘ Flora of Hertfordshire ’ by the late Mr. A. B. 
Pryor, published by the Society in 1887, and the first volume 
of the ‘ Victoria History of the County of Hertford ’ (1902). 
When this Society was founded scarcely anything was known 
of the Natural History of Hertfordshire, using that term in its 
widest sense, except the geology, to which the members have added 
much information in the ‘ Transactions.’ The meteorology of 
