112 
LEWIS EVANS-ADDRESS : 
cheap. In 1800 all printing was done by hand-power, 70 small 
sheets per honr printed on one side only, being the work of two 
men. About this period two important methods were successfully 
introduced, namely, lithography and stereotyping; hut with the 
development of the steam-engine came Konig’s rotary press in 
1811, which was soon in use by the * Times’ newspaper, and by 
1820 this machine printed from 1,500 to 1,800 sheets per honr on 
both sides. Hoe’s 4-cylinder machine was introduced in 1847, and 
the number of cylinders was increased until with 10 it was possible 
to print 12,000 sheets per hour on one side. In 1851 T. Nelson, 
of Edinburgh, showed a small rotary machine for printing from 
a reel of paper on both sides; this was taken up in America, and by 
1867 the Bullock press printed newspapers automatically from the 
web at the rate of 10,000 per hour. Hoe in 1871 did 12,000 
folded and counted. 
At the present time 20,000 copies of the ‘Daily Telegraph,’ 
consisting of 8, 10, 12, or 16 pages, are in one hour printed, pasted, 
folded, and counted in 24 s by each of their seven printing machines. 
Meanwhile improvements were being made in type-setting. 
Mitchell in 1854 invented a type-setting machine, but no very 
great success was made in this direction until 1889, when 
Mergenthaler devised the Linotype, a machine which produces 
strips of type properly set up and spaced, and cast in pieces the 
length of one line of a book or newspaper. This machine is 
now largely used, and does the work of three compositors. 
Distribution of type is dispensed with, as the lines of type are 
re-melted after use. The same is the case with the type produced 
by the newly-invented Wicks rotary type-casting machines, from 
which the ‘ Times ’ and several other newspapers are now printed. 
It is more economical to re-melt this type than it is to re-sort it, 
the enormous rapidity of its production having so greatly reduced 
the cost. 
Electrotyping came into use about 1855, and various methods of 
making photographic blocks have been introduced since 1880, 
culminating in the production of coloured pictures by superposing 
prints in the three (so-called) primary colours from photographic 
blocks made by light passing through suitably coloured screens. 
This great increase of printing could only be possible when paper 
became plentiful, and a hundred years ago paper had to be made 
sheet by sheet in moulds. The first paper made in Great Britain 
was manufactured in 1496 for Wynkyn-de-Worde at Sele Mill, 
Hertford, by John Tate, and there was little change in paper-making 
methods between his time and 1804, at which date the first machine 
