46 
rHE GARDENING WORLD. 
September 18, 1897 
this fact was noted in 1856 by Poggiale. It will be 
interesting to recall this to manufacturers and con¬ 
sumers, now that preserved Peas occupy such an 
important place in alimentation. 
Haricots, Lentils, and Peas resemble Beans in 
acidity ; the hull only amounts to seven to nine per 
cent., much less than Beans. The proportion of 
resisting cellulose does not exceed thirty per cent, in 
the hulls of Haricots and Lentils, whereas in Peas, 
like Beans, it attains forty-eight per cent. ; these last 
contain more cellulose than Lentils and Haricots. 
Only in the decorticated seeds is less variation found. 
Cellulose decreases, and fat and nitrogen increase ; 
there are also more mineral substances and as a rule 
the hulls give less ash when incinerated than the 
kernels. In equal weights the broken Peas of 
commerce are thus more nutritious than ordinary 
dry Peas. Peas, Haricots, and in particular Lentils 
keep for a long time without change in their chemical 
composition. They inflate considerably in water at 
the ordinary temperature. In the year after harvest 
the absorption of water attains one hundred per 
cent, in twenty-four hours, but afterwards absorption 
is slower and the proportion less ; the kernel is 
dryer, darker, more corneous and less permeable. 
The area occupied by Beans, Haricots, Lentils 
and Peas in France is very slight, not exceeding 0 65 
per cent, of the total surface of the territory. 
Thence the necessity of onerous foreign imports (in 
1895 tnore than £920,00). It seems that these legu¬ 
minous plants which through their large proportion 
of nitrogen give such resources to alimentation 
ought to be cultivated much more extensively as 
they are in Belgium and Germany.— Comptes Rendus, 
July, 1897. 
Gardening IJlSCELLANY. 
TRACHELOSPERMUM JASMINOIDES 
ANGUST I FOLIUM. 
Most gardeners are familiar with the more common 
and typical form of the plant, usually grown as a 
greenhouse subject. The narrow-leaved variety is 
much hardier, for it has grown and thriven against a 
wall at Kew for many years past. The leaves are 
very densely arranged, completely covering the wall. 
The flowers, produced in trusses, are creamy with a 
golden yellow centre, and forcibly remind one of the 
fragrance of a Clover field. 
MICHAUXIA CAMPANULOIDES. 
I noticed a very fine spike of this remarkable plant 
In Mr. John Forbes’ Nurseries at Hawick lately. It 
was over 8 ft. in height, much branched, and carried, 
I was told, over 300 flowers, one half of which at 
least were in full bloom when I saw it. The flowers 
are white, slightly tinged with purple on the outside 
of the petals, 4 in. across, drooping, wheel-shaped, 
and the petals being curled back give it a curious 
appearance. It is certainly well worth growing, and 
prefers rather a dry position, being liable to damp off 
in winter.— W. S. 
SHANKING OF GRAPES. 
After all that has been written on this subject 
there remains a widespread ignorance as to its 
causes and prevention. There are most likely more 
than one set of conditions which tend to bring about 
tnis unfortunate result, annoying alike to employer 
and cultivator. Having a deeply-rooted conviction 
that it is more often due to over dryness at the rcots of 
the Vine, I have frequently given expression to it— in 
one instance this season with the most satisfactory 
results to a neighbour, who has had more or less 
trouble from the shanking of his Grapes for some 
time. Acting upon the hint he has watered his Vine 
borders more copiously this season than had been his 
custom, and recently he had the pleasure of showing 
me a house of Grapes without a single shanked berry 
in it.- W. B. G. 
--. 1 . - 
Questions Ann Ansmens 
[ Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them!] 
Dimensions and plan of a Tennis Court — Inquirer-. 
The dimensions of the court will vary according to 
the number of players. We shall first give the dimen¬ 
sions for four players. The plan is that of a 
parallelogram. The extreme length of the court 
should be 78 ft. Lay down a straight and tight line 
to guide you in marking off the court with a thin 
paste made of whitening and water. But peg out the 
whole before you commence with the whitening. 
The base line at either end of the court should be 
36 ft. long. When the two sides and the two ends 
are marked off, find the centre and mark it off where 
the net should be fixed up, right across the whole 
width. The service lines should then be marked off 
at 18 ft. from the base lines at either end of the 
court. Then from one service line to the other, 
mark off a line right through the middle of the court 
longitudinally. This will be 42 ft. long and is termed 
the " half court line.” The court is now marked off 
so that you may whiten the lines. If you desire a 
size for two players only, take off 4J ft. from either 
side of the court, thereby reducing the base lines to 
27 ft. in length. Both sizes of tennis court may be 
marked on the grass for the convenience of two or 
four players as may be desired. 
Preparing Strawberries for forcing. —H.H. : You 
may succeed very well yet, but we must say that they 
should have been put into 6in. pots some time in 
August, the earlier the better, so as to let them fill 
their pots with roots before winter. Use good, 
substantial loam, of a turfy character and rather 
heavy than light. Some bone meal and wood ashes 
might be mixed with the soil now, and you could 
feed the plants with liquid manure, twice or three 
times a week, if not too strong, after the fruits have 
set. We should not advise you to begin forcing very 
early seeing that the plants must now be late in 
getting the pots filled with roots. If you put the 
first batch into heat about Christmas (which is 
indeed early) you may expect ripe fruit sometime in 
March according to the heat you apply. You must 
not give the plants a higher temperature than 50° 
till the fruits are well set, after which you can hurry 
them by giving more heat. Stand the plants as near 
the glass as possible. If you are in a smoky locality 
there may be some danger of the flowers not setting 
in the case of early batches. You may plunge the 
pots in coal ashes or cocoanut fibre in the cold frames 
or even out of doors until you require them ; if in 
frames give plenty of ventilation always. Batches 
put in heat about February and March will come on 
much more rapidly than those put in during winter. 
Royal Soverign is the best of the four you name for 
forcing. 
Yine Leaf Perforated.— W. B. G. • We have 
no doubt that the injury is due to insect attack. We 
frequently receive leaves of some sort or other 
perforated in the same way, particularly Peach 
leaves. There are several large, or relatively large 
weevils of black and gray or clay colours that infest 
gardens and hothouses, either of which may be 
found outside or inside. The black Vine Weevil 
(Otiorhynchus sulcatus), is, perhaps, the most 
frequent under glass. They are all nocturnal in 
habit and have hard wing cases, but neither of them 
fly. They hide during the day under boards, in cre¬ 
vices or cracks in walls from which the mortar has 
fallen out. They come f arth at night and climb up 
the tree stems or Vine rods and gnaw the leaves, or 
sometimes the stems, flowers, and buds. If you find 
similar damage to your Vines or Peaches in future, 
lay a white cloth on the floor of the house beneath 
the same ; come in at night with a lantern and turn 
thi light suddenly upon the foliage ; tap the stems at 
the same time, and if any weevils are present they 
will drop on the cloth, where you can catch them 
before they escape. Cement all cracks and cranies 
in the walls and clear away every kind of rubbish in 
the house that aflords any shelter for the depredators, 
and you should soon be able to get rid of them. 
Names of Plants — W. C.: 1, Matricaria inodora 
flore pleno ; 2, Leycesteria formosa; 3, Aster diffusus 
horizontalis.— J. C. S . : 1, Origanum Tournefortii ; 
2, Abies magnifica ; 3, Amaryllis Belladonna. — 
A. W.: 1, Oncidium excavatum ; 2, Oncidium 
incurvum ; 3, Cypripedium harrisianum. — A.L.: r, 
Tropaeolum tuberosum ; 2, Jasminum officinale; 3, 
Cotoneaster microphylla ; 4, Gypsophila paniculata; 
5, Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora ; 6, Pernettya 
mucronata.— Alex. Robertson : 1, Selaginella emiliana ; 
2, Selaginella unciData; 3, Pteris straminea ; 4, 
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris var. ; 5, Aspidium 
falcatum. 
Communications received.— E. H. Krelage& Son. 
—Solanaceae.— C. — Salen. — P.M.—Roberts. — Ch 
Gazelle.—T.B.— H.L.— E.D.— J.Ward.— L. — W.J, 
—F. L. O. — C. B.— W. Margate.—Forcing.— M. N.— 
Walter Carson. — Robert S.L. 
- - 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
William Cutbush & Son, Higbgate Nurseries, 
London, N , and Barnet Nurseries, Herts.—Cata¬ 
logue of Border, Tree, and Malmaison Carnations, 
Pinks, Cloves, &c. 
B. S. Williams & Son, Victoria and Paradise 
Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N.—Plant Catalogue. 
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