September 25, 1897. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
51 
HYACINTHS, for Pot Culture, with fioe handsome 
spikes. 
One each of twelve named varieties, 5s. 6J. 
Do., do., un-named, in a good variety of colours, per 
dozen, 4s. 
HYACINTHS, Dwarf White Roman, for Early 
Forcing. 
Per 100, 10s. 6d. and 15s.; 
Per doz., is. 6d. and 2s. 3d. 
HYACINTHS, Barr’s Beautiful Rainbow Mixture, 
for Beds and Borders, outdoors. 
1st size bulbs, per 100, 17s. 6d.; per doz , 2s. 6d. 
2nd „ ,, per 100, 13s. 6d.; per doz., 2s. 
TULIPS, Barr's handsome varieties, for pots. 
Three each of twenty named sorts, 6s. 6d. 
„ Barr’s Beautiful Rainbow Mixture, Single 
or Double, per 1,000, 42s.; per 100, 4s. 6d. 
CROCUSES, Barr's choice Large-flowered sorts, 
for pots, &c., 100 in 10 named vars., 3s. 6J. 
„ Barr's Special Mixture, for planting in 
grass, &c., per 1,000, 10s. 6d.; per 100, is. 3d. 
" Gardening Is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man.”— Bacon. 
Edited by J. FRASER, F.L.S. 
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25th, 1897. 
NEXT WEEK’S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Mcnday, September 27th.—Sale of Dutch bulbs by Messrs. 
Protheroe& Morris. 
Tuesday, September 28th.—Radclifle-on-Trent Potato Show. 
Sale of Dutch bulbs by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. 
Wednesday, September 29th.—Sale of Dutch butbs by 
Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. 
Thursday, September 30th.—Royal Horticultural Society’s 
Show at the Crystal Palace (3 days). 
Sale of Dutch bulbs by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. 
Friday, October 1st.—Sales of Dutch bu'bs and imported 
and established Orchids by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. 
he Principles of Fruit-growing.*— 
The facile pen of Professor L. H. 
Bailey, of the Cornell University, Ithaca, 
New York, seems never at rest, judging 
from the number of books he has written 
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS, CROCUSES, SNOWDROPS, POLY¬ 
ANTHUS NARCISSI, and all the Best Bulbs for 
Spring and Summer-flowering, 
FREE ON APPLICATION. 
BARR’S ILLUSTRATED DAFFODIL CATA¬ 
LOGUE, FREE ON APPLICATION TO — 
BARR & SONS, 
12 and 13 KING ST., 
COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. 
C0RN0TIOHS & PINKS 
A GREAT SPECIALTY. 
Catalogues on Application. 
LAING &~MAT HER, 
By Special Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, 
Appointment. KELSO-ON-TWEED. 
J. J. THOOLEN, 
BULB AND PLANT GROWER, 
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland, 
Has the honour to inform his clients that his Illustrated Price 
List in English, Autumn, 1897, at lowest prices will be sent post 
free on application. No Charges for Packing. Orders of 
ios. and above Entirely Free to Destinations in England, 
Scotland, and Ireland, &c. 
Some sorts of Bulbs noted in our Price List. 
Single Anemones, The Bride, pure white 
Single Anemones, in finest mixture . 
Crocus, in finest mixture, second size . 
Crocus, in finest mixture, first size . 
Hyacinths, mixed, for bedding or forcing 
Hyacinths, single, first size, named, in several 
bes^ leading sorts red, white, and blue 
varieties equal quantities, my selection ... 
Iris Kaempfeii (fapan Iri-),ln finest mixture ... 
Iris Germanica (Flag Iris), in finest mixture ... 
Iris sibirica, all sorts mixed . 
Spanish Iris, in the finest mixture . 
Lilium tigriuum splendens, rich red black spots 
Lilium candidum, single, pure white . 
Montbretia crocosmiaeflora, orange-scarlet ... 
Narcissus Polyanthus, in the finest mixture ... 
Narcissus poeticus Pheasant’s-sye . 
Narcissus campernelle (Jonquil). 
Narcissus double incomparable, primrose 
Narcissus Van Sion, single yellow trumpet 
Naroissus Stella, white, yellow cup . 
Narcissus albo-pleno (dbl. poeticus), pure white 
Gladiolus Marie Lemoine. 
Scilla sibirica praecox, intense blue . 
Ixias, in the finest .mix ure. 
Single early Tulip?, in the finest mixture 
Double early Tulip=, in the finest mixture 
Due Van Thol Tulips, in fine mixture, excellent 
for early forcing . 
Grape Hyacinth, blue . 
Anemone Japonica, pure white. Wind-flower ... 
Anemone japonica, rose Wind-flower. 
Hemerocallts ;Dav Lily), mixed. 
Gladiolus Brenchleyensis, deep scarlet. 
CEnothera Youngi, pure yellow belli . 
Allium magicum, white sweet-scented. 
Pyrethtum Bridesmaid, with fine double pure 
white flowers 
Sedum Stlfskianum, with many pure yellow 
flowers. 
Tritoma Uvaria grandiflorum (Red-hot Poker) 
250 bulbs of the same kind will be charged at the 1,000 rate ; 
25 at the price per 100 ; 6 at the price per 12. 
COLLECTION D for spring garden, containing 1,370 bulbs, 
£1 is. ; half of this, ns. 
COLLECTION B tor indoor, containing 529 bulbs for 92 pots 
or glasses, £1 is, ; half of this, us. 
Per 100. 
1.000. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
I 
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— 
for the services of mankind in all that per¬ 
tains to the science and art of plant culture 
in garden, orchard, field, and under glass. 
Many of the details do not conform to our 
rules of gardening on this side of the Atlan¬ 
tic, but the climates of the two countries 
would easily account for apparent dis¬ 
crepancies—we say discrepancies because 
they do not conform to our experiences; 
but at the same time we do not imply that 
they mean errors. On the other hand there 
are many features of American gardening 
that we might well copy with advantage. 
The inventory of fruits, forming part of 
the first chapter,appears formidable at first 
sight compared with the relatively small 
number of species of plants which we culti¬ 
vate in Britain for the sake of their fruits. 
An analysis of the long list shows that most 
or all of the fruits grown here are also 
grown in North America, including the 
United States and Canada, together with a 
vast number, either native or exotic, that 
can be grown in some part or other of that 
vast continent. With the larger portion 
we are more or less familiar, but many of 
them are confined to glasshouses, some 
indeed to the economic houses of botanical 
gardens, while others are ornamental trees 
or shrubs on which we can place no reliance 
for the production of fruit in this country. 
We suspect, however, that many of the 
trees included in this list are still under 
experiment with a view to their improve¬ 
ment, before they can be placed on the same 
level of importance with the fruits of the 
temperate regions of the old world, which 
have been undergoing improvement at the 
hand of man for centuries. The species of 
Prunus (Plums and Cherries chiefly) are 
numerous, but some of them already in this 
country do not hold out much hope of 
becoming serviceable, though they may fruit 
more freely in some parts of America, and 
prove capable of improvement at the hands 
of enterprising experimenters. We hope 
they will. A large number of tropical and 
sub-tropical trees are included in the list, 
which cannot cope with our climate, and 
few of them offer facilities for cultivation 
under glass, like the Pineapple, for instance. 
In speaking of the evolution of a fruit 
region, the author says that agriculture 
when at its best continues so, improving 
with succeeding years of cultivation, but 
*The Principles of Fruit growing. By L. H. 
Bailey. New York: The Macmillan Company. 
London: Macmillan & Co , Ltd. 1897. 
admits that American agriculturists, like 
miners, have hitherto been extracting as 
much as they could get from the soil with¬ 
out returning anything, and then shifting 
further and further into the wilds in order 
to secure virgin soil for their crops. Natur¬ 
ally enough they now recognise the mistake 
of impoverishing the soil. That kind of 
ruinous cultivation, by the robbing of the 
land of its natural fertility, is not unknown 
in this country, as has amply been testified 
in the case of the wasted orchards. Our 
countrymen may well take the hint and mend 
their neglect of both scientific principles and 
common sense. Success in the matter of 
fruit-growing, says the Professor, is 
dependent chiefly upon the personality of 
the grower and the prospective conditions 
of the market. The would-be grower must 
possess a love of the occupation, indomi¬ 
table energy, cool judgment, and sterling 
honesty. As to the other point, the author 
says there is always a demand for, and not 
enough of, the best of any commodity. The 
latter he defines as the unlike—that of which 
there is least—or in other words “ that in 
which there is the least competition.” The 
cultivator should always be on the outlook 
for something with which the market is 
badly or not at all supplied ; and if he 
produces the best article, he will always 
secure the top price. The author brightens 
the prospect when he says that cultivators 
need have no fear of success if they grow 
what the people want or so display it as 
to make them believe they want it. This 
latter implies sorting, grading, careful 
handling, and the putting up of the fruits 
in a tempting and attractive way. He 
admits that the growing of the more common 
kinds of fruit is overdone, particularly 
Apples, and that a good crop means low 
prices. This again means that Apple- 
growers allow the seasons and local condi¬ 
tions to control the bearing time of the 
orchard. 
The author advises the fruit farmer to get 
a thorough and correct knowledge of the 
local conditions under which he is placed. 
We think that a man of energy and untiring 
devotion to business will overcome most 
difficulties, excepting, of course, the state of 
the weather, it may be, while his Apple 
trees are in bloom ; and unless he can 
manage that, we fail to see how a man can 
control the bearing time of an orchard. 
Nevertheless, he says truly that “ close and 
single-minded attention to business makes 
for success.” Training is the best stock in 
trade of the fruit grower, business methods 
counting for a large part of it, as is 
evidenced by people of other occupations 
who take to farming and have succeeded. 
He thinks that the farmers of the future 
will be drawn from other occupations in 
which men are free from the bonds of tradi¬ 
tion ; and because they have well trained, 
unbiased minds they are more likely to 
adopt modern improvements in all that per¬ 
tains to changing and progressive times. 
The cultivation of fruit and the disposal of 
it to the best advantage are the two lines 
along which the fruit growers of the present 
and future must direct their attention. Not 
every one can take a high rank in both 
those branches of the profession, so that to 
be successful, most people will have to con¬ 
fine their energies to one department only. 
The grower has not yet discovered the 
secret by which he can make his orchards 
bear in years of general scarcity, but Mr. 
Bailey says he must acquire that skill. We 
hope that science will succeed in making it 
possible, and the sooner the better. 
In speaking of the influence of bodies of 
water upon fruit growing, the author makes 
some interesting observations, but chiefly 
with regard to vine culture in the open. 
The more notable Grape growing districts 
