October 2, 1897. 
THE gardening world 
75 
HAMBURGH EXHIBITION, 
"The trust that’s giveD, guard, and to yourself be 
just,” thus are the words of Dana. In fact, the 
Hamburg Exhibition does guard the trust given by 
the Hamburg public aDd exceeds it in many a way. 
Therefore, we easily understand the great success 
which this undertaking has attained, and we under¬ 
stand why the exhibition will remain until October 
4th. On this ground the fruit exhibition (fourth 
special show) had been postponed for a week and 
opened on September 24th, thus bringing the whole 
affair to a worthy end. 
On September 17th there was but a small special 
exhibition of fruit for sale to tickle the most spoiled 
palate. All the halls have been so rich’y ornamented 
with fruit of every sort and description that the 
interest rises by each step, and the visitor will never 
get tired in comparing the hundreds of products of 
England, Germany, France, Belgium, and the 
Tropics. This exhibition was enlarged on Septem¬ 
ber 24th, and is now carr ied over all the territory of 
the immense place, thug being the largest exhibition 
of the kind ever held. Above 1,000 exhibitors 
brought their products to Hamburg for competition. 
Even the Government themselves participate at this 
exhibition, having sent special delegates, as for in¬ 
stance, Hungary, represented by Mr. Von Molnar, 
the agricultural expert ; Austria, by Ministerrath 
Ritter v. Herzmanowski ; France, by Monsieur 
Viger, the agricultural leader in several departments, 
and the President of the French Horticultural 
Society ; also from all parts of Germany have ex¬ 
perts and delegates arrived. The advantage of cer¬ 
tain countries as regards their climatic situation has 
been equalised by dividing the countries into certain 
zones, competing with one another. Thus there are 
together for competition in the first zone, Norway, 
Sweden, Finland, North Russia, and Poland ; in the 
second zone, Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland, 
Holland, North Germany, the Highlands of South 
Germany, South Russia, excluding the Crimea, and 
the Highlands of Switzerland. Another zone is 
again formed by Belguim, North France, South 
Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Valleys of Switzer¬ 
land, competing with South France and South 
Europe as a separate zone ; whilst the last zone is 
occupied by the non-European countries. The fruit- 
hungry visitor, however, cares but very little for all 
these zones, and appreciates only what suits his 
tongue the best. 
Now we had better go round the show and see the 
products themselves. The principal country is 
Germany on this occasion. Schleswig Holstein ex¬ 
hibited a series of dessert Apples, which grow in the 
damp climate of the province in an excellent way and 
are shown in wonderful assoitments. Pears of this 
province, however, do not grow so well, as the climate 
keeps them back, though some special assortments 
prove that by right cultivation good results may be 
obtained. The high quality of the Schleswig dessert 
Apples is shown best in their competition against 
the Holstein Apples, as every single cultivator exhi¬ 
bited no less than 20 Apples of a kind There are 
the so-called Belle de Boskoop, Gravenstein, etc., 
and certainly these fruits may successfully be put 
next to the French products. 
The exhibits of Oldenburg, and of Liibeck, have 
about the same character as the fore-named one; 
then follow Brunswick and Saxony. Here the Apple 
has to give way for other fruit, though it still pre¬ 
vails, as in Brunswig the Apple is about 74 per cent, 
of all fruit, whilst the Pear is but 6£ per cent. 
Now we see the exhibition of Hanover, showing a 
greater series of assortments fighting for the prizes. 
There are in fact very valuable provincial special 
fruits, as Hanover takes the first place in cultivating 
fruit. The Gravenslein however, must retire and in 
its place we notice the Golden Reinette, Golden Pear- 
main, etc. ; but there are also other Apples, such as 
Belle de Boskoop, Harbert’s Reinette, etc.; whilst of 
Pears we seethe "Duchesse d'Angouleme,” Napoleon, 
the “ Baconspear,” etc., which of course occupy the 
place of honour in the show. 
The Rhine-Provinces, Brandenburg and Mecklen¬ 
burg also sent their best products to Hamburg this 
year,but we shall refer thereto later on. Worth while 
mentioning also is the Holland exhibition, which is 
rather extensive and from which all products may 
pass as samples, whilst the other non-German com¬ 
petitors as England and Denmark take no serious 
place. 
The chief point, however, of the whole exhibition. 
is the fruits from France, Switzerland and of Tyrol. 
The blue sky and the warm sun of these privileged 
countries do more than all gardeners ever will be able 
to do. Certainly the best products are not to be had 
by everybody on account of their price, but this must 
not prevent us from having a good look at them. 
Hungary must not be forgotten, as she brings a 
large assortment of Apples and Grapes. Up to now 
Hungary was but little known as a fruit cultivator, 
but no doubt now she will soon find the place she 
deserves. 
The list of the prize-takers has not yet been 
published, but to give our readers an idea how the 
exhibition came off we shall just reckon up the 
prizes which the firm of Herr Johs. Mortensen, St. 
Pauly, Hamburg, was lucky enough to take during 
the show. 
I. Special Show. —Neat flower basket, first 
prize, small Silver Medal and 40 marks; Orchid 
bouquet, small Silver Medal and 75 marks; vase 
bouquet, small Silver Medal and 10 marks ; planted 
basket, small Silver Medal and 20 marks ; a wireless 
bouquet, small Bronze Medal and 5 marks. 
II. Special Show.—F or a flower arrangement, 
fourteen different items, including mourning symbols, 
baskets, &c , large Golden States Award; a 
terrarium, small Silver Medal ; fancy arrangement, 
a similar award ; Cornflower bouquet, small Bronze 
medal. 
III. Special Show. —Flowers in ice, highest prize, 
first prize, and the prize of honour, 200 marks 
(given by Mr. Theodor Levy); best table decoration, 
first prize, the large Gold Medal. 
Great Autumn Show.— Table decoration of 
flowers, first prize, large Silver Medal; table decora¬ 
tion of flowers and plants, first prize, large Silver 
Medal; neat flower basket, first prize and 20 marks, 
large Silver Medal; a vase bouquet, first prize and 
30 marks, large Silver Medal; various garlands, 
first prize and 30 marks, large Silver Medal; Orchid 
bouquet, first prize and 30 marks, large Silver Medal 
and prize of honour, 50 marks (from Dr. Petersen); 
a baptism garland, large Bronze Medal and 10 
marks ; easel, small Silver Medal and 10 marks ; ten 
table bouquets, large Bronze Medal and 50 marks; 
for new introduction in the art of binding, large 
Bronze Medal; fancy Orchid bouquet, small Silver 
Medal and 30 marks.— F. D. 
- «*•- 
GLASGOW PARKS AND GARDENS. 
For some time past the Corporation of Glasgow 
have been particularly active in securing open air 
spaces for the benefit of the ever-extending city. 
They do well to be ever on the alert for the securing 
of land on the outskirts of the city before it comes 
into the capacious and grasping clutches of the 
builder. Glasgow is the second city in the Empire 
for number of population, and within the last few 
years the County of Glasgow has been enlarging its 
borders by leaps and bounds. Several important 
suburbs have been annexed, while at the same time 
parks and gardens have been secured for the benefit 
of the community. The only certain method of 
doing this is by anticipating the builder. There are 
now fourteen parks, gardens, and recreation grounds, 
including, of course, the Botanic Gardens. With 
recent additions to four of these open spaces the 
fourteen have a combined area of 978J acres. In 
addition to these larger spaces there are thirteen 
minor ones totalling 13 acres 2 roods 32 poles. Seven 
graveyards, five of which are open to the public, give 
another 11 acres 3 roods 24 poles. The total acreage 
under the care of Corporation amounts to 1,003 
acres 2 roods 16 poles. All of this vast space with 
exception of the Botanic Gardens, is under the 
direct superintendence of Mr. James Whitton, 
formerly of Coltness, Wishaw, and Glamis Castle, 
Forfar. Needless to say he is one of the busiest men 
in Glasgow, and from what we can see he is both 
qualified and competent for the work. He was 
formerly a gardener, and has foremen under him in 
all of the principal places, who are also gardeners by 
profession. 
Glasgow Green. 
In the limited time at our dsposal one afternoon 
after 4 p.m , we made a rapid survey of a few of the 
principal parks, commencing at Glasgow Green, the 
oldest open space, it having been acquired in 1662 
and added to up till 1792. It is situated on the 
hanks of the Clyde, and extends to 136 acres. A 
People’s Palace has been built upon it at a cost of 
£22,000 or over. The palace includes a museum 
library and winter garden. The latter alone cost 
£8,500, is 180 ft. long, 120 ft. wide, and 60 ft. high in 
the centre. Sir Henry Doulton, of Lambeth, be¬ 
queathed to it a drinking fountain at considerable 
cost. 
Govanhill Grounds and Queen's Park 
On the south side of the Clyde we passed the Govan¬ 
hill Recreation Grounds, opened to the public last 
year. They formerly consisted of an old brickfield, 
left in a chaotic condition, and involving a great 
amount of labour and time to put them in proper 
form. They cost the Corporation £12,000, though 
only four acres in extent. 
The Queen’s Park is close by Govanhill, and was 
designed by Sir Joseph Paxton. It was the third of 
the parks to be acquired, is now forty years old, and 
cost £30,000. The centre of the park is elevated, 
affording fine views of the city when the atmosphere 
is clear. A long and broad flight of stone steps 
gives access to the terrace, on which summer flower 
bedding is extensively carried out. The long border 
on the edge of the terrace is very imposing, consist¬ 
ing as it does of Pelargoniums and bold edgings of 
Lobelia and Cerastium tomentosum. Even in the 
second week of September the beds were still gay 
with blossom in this northern latitude. The ground 
below the terrace, as well as on the high ground 
around it, is sheltered with mixed plantations of 
trees, which have not in all cases grown very 
rapidly, owing to the ungenial nature of the ground, 
which consists largely of boulder clay, reaching 
generally to a great depth. Amongst the trees we 
noted fine specimens of Prunus Mahaleb and the 
gray-leaved Pyrus salicifolia. Mr. Whitton is very 
fond of trees and shrubs, and is doing all he can to 
enrich the parks with those species which will thrive 
here. 
Camphill. 
The glasshouses and propagating department of the 
parks are situated at Camphill, which consists of 
fifty-eight acres, acquired in 1894 at a cost of 
£63,000. This price, however, included fifty-three 
acres of feuing land, not reckoned with the park. 
Camphill is contiguous to and continuous with the 
Queen’s Park, making a combined area of 148 
acres. 
The glasshouses are situated on high ground, 
close to the beautiful village of Langside, and 
immediately outside the fence is the monument 
commemorating the battle of that name and well 
known in history. The plant houses are open to the 
public daily. Many of the large specimens in tubs 
have been presented by private gentlemen in the 
city or suburbs. Passing through the stove we 
noted that it is devoted to Palms, Eucharis, Cala- 
diums, Hymenocallis macrostephana, and Pancra¬ 
tium fragrans, the two latter of which were carry¬ 
ing their fragrant white flowers. The Hymenocallis 
was, indeed, flowering for the second lime this 
season. Numerous plants of Strobilanthes Dyeri 
are larger than we usually see them. There is a 
grand piece of Coelogyne massangeaca in a basket 
18 in. square. A magnificent specimen of Musa 
Ensete, 20 ft. high, and bearing enormous leaves, 
with red petioles, was presented by Miss Drummond, 
of Megginch. Dicksonia squarrosa, 20 ft. high, was 
presented by J. B. Merrilees, Esq., Redlands. Both 
of these tall specimens stand in the roomy corridor 
connecting the houses together. Here also is a 
grand plant of the Bird’s-nest Fern, with leaves 4 ft. 
to 5 ft. long, Oranges in fruit, large Camellias in 
bud, and a very old specimen of Beaucarnea 
recurva. 
Orchids are not neglected, more than one house 
being devoted to them. A grand piece of Platy- 
clinis was carrying thirty-two spikes of its flowers 
like golden filigree work There is a good collection 
of Cypripediums, of which C. Charlesworthii, C. 
barbatum, and others were in flower. C. purpurat- 
um is a dwarf and choice thing. Choice things in 
flower include Oncidium incurvum, Miltonia Phalae- 
nopsis, Pleione Wallicbi, and Vanda kimballiana. 
The uncommon Urceolina pendula flowers freely. 
In the propagating pit we noted the third batch of 
Clerodendron fallax in bloom. Many things are 
propagated here, including Anthuriums, Golden 
Privet, Araucaria excelsa, and others, of which there 
are batches in various stages. In one division is the 
striking Begonia heracleifolia Sambo, with black 
leaves; also a grand plant of the graceful Restio 
