94 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
October 9, 1897 
a good proportion of these ingredients in the potting 
soil. Dig this into the natural soil, level the ground 
and rake it fine. Then make little furrows about 
half-an-inch deep and 9 ins. apart. Sow the seeds, 
cover them up, and press down the soil with the 
back of the rake. Then rake the soil lightly and the 
operation is complete. Nothing further will be 
necessary than to keep the ground clean. You can 
hoe between the lines after the Roses have ger¬ 
minated. A gcod proportion of the seedlings should 
come up in spring, or during the course of the sum¬ 
mer, but they will remain small the first year. Pro¬ 
bably the remainder will not germinate till the 
spring of the second year, but you need not disturb 
the soil, as the Roses may be left in position till the 
third autumn from now. 
Covering Yine Borders. —Allan Cameron : If the 
Vine border you mention contains the roots of Vines 
that are to be forced early, a good mulching of cow 
manure would be beneficial, by keeping the soil in a 
warmer condition during frosty weather. On the 
other band we think it would be disadvantageous to 
borders for late and general crops. Frost improves 
the condition and fertility of the soil, to which it 
should have access wherever possible, except in the 
case of early Vine borders. We think, however, that 
in your western district, the heavy rainfall is more 
likely to do injury than frost. This being so it might 
be advantageous to place a layer of dry leaves over 
the border, and then place the zinc covering you 
mention a little above the leaves so as to admit a 
free play of air. You should ascertain whether the 
border is properly drained, and that superfluous 
moisture has proper facilities for passing away 
by a drain if necessary. Good cultivators nowadays 
generally leave their Vine borders perfectly bare dur¬ 
ing winter, and mulch with manure in summer, as the 
practice allows the frost to pulverise and ameliorate 
the soil. The summer mulching should be put on 
after the Vines get into full leaf. 
Feeding of goldfish. —Will some kind reader tell 
me as to the kind of food and the best with which to 
feed goldfish ? They are in an aquatic house which 
is kept at stove temperature. The tanks are full of 
aquatic plants. I have been feeding them on bread 
and worms from the garden. Trusting some kind 
reader will reply, I remain —Anxious to know. 
Double berry of Lycium europaeum — J. T. 
Thurston : This was an interesting case. We do not 
remember seeing it in this species, but it occasionally 
occurs in several other things, and too often in the 
Tomato, as it spoils the fruit. 
Names of Fruits.— J. C. S.: The conical Apple 
is Mabbot's Pearmain ; the flattened variety is Red 
Winter Pearmain.— Poitou: i, Ecklinville ; 2, Dutch 
Codlin; 3, Cellini; 4, Scarlet Nonpareil; 4, not 
recognised.— P. McCowan: 1, Claygate Pearmain; 
2, Dumelow’s Seedling ; 3, Pott’s Seedling; 4, Blen¬ 
heim Orange ; 5, White Paradise; 6, Mere de 
Menage ; 7 and 8, not recognised. They arrived in 
good condition, being well packed .—Allan Cameron : 
Plum Sultan. 
Wi es on the Wall of a House — J. H. W. : It is a 
very uncommon practice to fasten wires to a wall in 
an upright or perpendicular fashion. The usual and 
the best way, in our opin ; on, is to stretch the wires 
horizontally along the wall at convenient distances 
apart. They should be about 9 in. to 1 ft. apart. 
Plants are more easily tied to such wires, because 
the ties are not liable to slip down, as in the case of 
upright wires. It is also more easy to fix and strain 
the wires tight when they are run horizontally along 
the wall (especially if there is a plate of iron, having 
eyes or holes for the wires, at either end of the 
building) than if they were perpendicular. 
Names of Plants — J. Mayne: The Fern not 
recognised. Could you send a portion of frond with 
spores ? The other plant is Phyllanthus (Xylopbylla) 
speciosus.— J. C. S. : Nicandra physaloides.— J, T. 
Thurston: 1, Oxalis corniculata rubra, a doubtful 
British plant, but naturalised in many places, and a 
determined weed in gardens, where it has once been 
used as a bedding plant ; 2, Achillea Ptarmica.-J. 
C. : 1, Cattleya gaskelliana; 2, Pleione Lagenaria ; 
3, Masdevallia tovarensis ; 4, Oncidium varicosum.— 
R. Howard: 1, Aster Novi-Belgii densus; 2, Aster 
Novae-Angliae roseus; 3, Aster ptarmicoides ; 4, 
Solidago canadensis ; 5, Helianthus decapetalus ; 6, 
Helianthus rigidus.— W. H.: 1, Pteris quadriaurita 
argyrea; 2, Selaginella Martensii variegata; 3, 
Fuchsia gracilis variegata ; 4, Ligustrum vulgare; 5, 
Symphoricarpus racemosus.— Omega : The Rigid 
Sunflower (Helianthus rigidus); 2, The Double 
Feverfew (Matricaria Parthenium florepleno). 
Communications Received.— W. S. Sandon (see 
next week).—A. P., Kelso.—W. E. B —Omega —A. 
D. Webster.—F. Davids.—Coila.—M. Temple. — H. 
Harwocd Smith.—G. Gaskell.—J. Sullivan.—R. 
Sims.—Geo. Wencroft. — Mayflower.—L. T.—A. B. 
—J—F. C. W.—Thames’ Parks. 
-—J-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
William Rumsey, Joynicgs Nurseries, Waltham 
Cross.—Catalogue of Roses, Fruit Trees, Ornamental 
Trees, Shrubs, &c. 
John Turner, Wetherby, Yorks.—Catalogue of 
Bulbs, and other Flower Roots, Fruit Trees, &c. 
Laing & Mather, Kelso-on-Tweed. —Carnations. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
October 6th, 1897. 
Fruit,—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1. d 1. d. 
Apples.per bushel 26 70 
Black Currants J sieve 
Red „ J sieve 
Cherries half sieve 
Nova Scotia Apples 
per barrel 
Filberts... 
Cobbs . 21 o 22 6 | 
per ioolbs. 
Grapes, per lb . 
Pine-apples 
—St. Mlohael's each 
Plums per | sieve. 
Strawberries, per lb. 
Tasmanian Apples 
per oase 
J. d s. d 
0 9 16 
26 80 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
t. d. 1. d. 
ArtlcbokesGIobedor. 20 36 
Asparagus,per bundle 
Beans, French, per 
per half sieve 40 50 
Beet.per dozen 2 0 
Brussel Sprouts, 
per half sieve 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 20 30 
Celery.per bundle 10 16 
Cucumbers per doz. 20 30 
Endive, French, djz. 10 20 
i.d. s. d 
Herbs .per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettnces ...per dozen 1 3 
Mushrooms, p.basket 1 0 
Onions.per buuoh 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen 1 c 13 
Seakale...per basket 
Small salad, pnnnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 30 40 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 10 
Turnips.per bun. 0 3 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d 
Arum Lilies, I2blms. 50 60 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 16 30 
Asters (French) per 
bunch 09 10 
Asters, various, doz. 
bunches 2050 
Bouvardlas, per bnn. 06 08 
Carnations doz.blms. 06 30 
Carnations, doz. bun. 30 60 
C h r y s a n t hemums 
dozen blooms 10 30 
Cornflower, doz. bun. 1020 
Euobaris ...per doz 1630 
Gardenias ...per doz. 2 0 40 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 40 60 
Lilinm longiflorum 
per doz. 30 40 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 1 0 20 
s. d. s. d• 
Mrrguerites, 12 bun. 20 40 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs.4 080 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 12 o 
Primula, double, doz 
3 prays 06 06 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 40 60 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 1630 
Roses (indoor), doz, 610 
II x cd,WLLllO) QOZ, O y Z O 
,, Niels . 16 40 
,, Safrano . 10 20 
„ (English), 
Red Roses, doz.1 020 
Pink Roses, doz. 20 40 
Roses, doz. buD. 30 90 
Smilax, per bunch ...16 30 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms .03 04 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesali Prices 
i. d. t. d. 
Arbor Vitae 
per doz. 12 0 36 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 0 
„ speoimen 5 0 10 o 
Aster?, d-z. pots. 20 40 
Chrysanlhemume, per 
doz. pots... 6 o 30 0 
Cockscombs,doz. pots 20 30 
Coleus, doz. pots. 20 40 
Diaoaena, various, 
per doz. 12 0 30 0 
Dracaena vlridls.doz. 90180 
Euonymus, var. doz. 60180 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 012 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 40 f 0 
Ficus elastlca, each 10 50 
1 d s.d. 
Foliage Plants, var., 
eaob 10 ;o 
Fuchsias, per doz. ... 4 0 60 
Heliotrope...per doz. 30 40 
Hydrangeas per doz. 8 0 12 0 
Ivy-leavedGeranium, 
per doz. 3060 
LUium Harrissii, 
per pot 10 20 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Marguerite Daisy doz 40 90 
Marguerite Yellow, 
per doz. 5090 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Palms in variety,each 1 0 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums ...doz 6 o 10 0 
Scarlets .per doz 1 40 
SADDENING B00Kg. 
HAEDY ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING TREES AN£ 
SHRUBS, by A. D. Webster. A valuable guide 
to planters of beautiful trees and shrubs for the 
adornment of parks and gardens. Second and 
cheap edition now ready. Price, 2 s.; post free, 
2 s. 3 d. 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND THEIR CULTURE. By 
Edwin Molyneux. Ninth Edition. By far the 
best practical work yet written on this subject, 
Price, is. ; post free, is. 2d. 
TINES & VINE CULTURE.— The best book on 
Grapes. By Archibald F. Barron, late Superinten¬ 
dent of the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden, 
Chiswick,and Secretary of the Fruit Committee.— 
A New and Cheaper Edition, Revised and En¬ 
larged. Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound in Cloth. 
Price, 5s.; post free, 5s. 3d. 
THE CARNATION: ITS HISTORY, PROPERTIES, 
AND MANAGEMENT ; with a descriptive list of 
the best varieties in cultivation. By E. S. Dodweli, 
Third edition, with supplementary chapter on the 
yellow ground. Price, is. 6 d.; post free, is. ’jd. 
TERNS & FERN CULTURE- By J. Birkenhead, 
F.R.H.S.—How to grow Ferns, with selections 
for stove, warm, cool and cold greenhouses; for 
baskets, walls, wardian cases, dwelling houses, 
&c. Price, is.; by post, is. 3 d. 
THE AMATEUR ORCHID GROWER'S GUIDE BOOK- 
By H. A. Burberry (Orchid Grower to the Rt. Hon. 
J. Chamberlain, M.P.). Second Edition, with 
coloured plates. Containing sound, practical 
information and advice for Amateurs, giving a 
List with Cultural Descriptions of those most 
suitable for Cool-house, Intermediate-house, and 
Warm-house Culture, together with a Calendar 
of Operations and Treatment for each Month of 
the Year. In Cloth. Price 5 s. ;post free, 5 s. 3 d. 
Postal and money orders should be made payable 
at the East Strand Post Office to F. A. Cobbold 
“GARDENING WORLD" Office, 1, Clement's Inn, 
I Strand, London, W.C. 
t 
FIXTURES FOR 1897. 
October. 
12.—R H.S. Committees and Lecture. 
12, 13, 14.—N.C.S. at Royal Aquarium. 
26.—R.H.S. Committees and Lecture. 
November. 
2, 3. —Watford Chrysanthemum Show. 
2, 3.—Coventry Show. 
2, 3. — Brighton Chrysanthemum Show. 
2, 3.—Borough of Croydon Chrysanthemum Show. 
2, 3.- Soutbampion Chrysanthemum Show. 
2, 3.—West of England Chrysanthemum Show at 
Plymouth. 
3. —Ealing Show. 
3, 4—R.H.S. of Ireland Crysanthemum Show. 
3, 4—Ascot, Sunninghill, Sunningdale and District 
Chrysanthemum Show. 
3, 4.—Isle of Thanet Chrysanthemum Show. 
3, 4, 5, 6 —North Peckham Cnrysanthemum Show. 
3, —-Teignmouth Chrysanthemum Show. 
4. — Colchester Show. 
4, 5.—Highgate Chrysanthemum Show. 
4, 5.—Devon and Exeter Fruit and Chrysanthemum 
Show. 
9, 10, 11.—N.C.S. at Royal Aquarium 
9, 10, 11.—Birmingham Chrysanthemum and Fruit 
Show. 
9, 10.—Kingston and Surbiton Chrysanthemum 
Show. 
9, 10.—Leeds Paxton Chrysanthemum Show. 
9 —R.H S. Committees and Lecture. 
10.—Bodmin Chrysanthemum Show. 
10, 11.—Liverpool Chrysanthemum Show. 
10, 11.—Chesterfied and District Chrysanthemum 
Show. 
10, ii —Birmingham Chrysinthemum Show. 
10. —Brixton Chrysanthemum Show. 
11. —Reigate Show. 
11.—Jersey Gardeners' Society’s Chrysanthemum 
Show. 
11.—Spalding Chrysanthemum Show. 
11, 12.—Putney Show. 
12, 13.—Eccles, Patricroft, Pendleton and District 
Cnrysanthemum Show. 
12, 13.—Bradford Chrysanthemum Show, 
12, 13.—Hanley Chrysanthemum Show. 
12, 13.—Sheffield Chrysanthemum Show. 
12, 13.—Nottingham Show. 
16, 17.—Ipswich Chrysanthemum Show. 
16, 17.—Manchester Chrysanthemum Show. 
16, 17—Belfast Chrysanthemum Show. 
16, 17 —Chester Paxton Chrysanthemum Show 
16, 17.—Folkestone Show. 
17, 18.—Hull Chrysanthemum Show. 
17, 18, 19.—York Chrysanthemum Show. 
ij, 18. —South Shields and Northern Counties' 
Chrysanthemum Show. 
17, 18.—Bristol Chrysanthemum Show. 
17, —Rugby Chrysanthemum Society. 
18, 19, 20.—Edinburgh Chrysanthemum Show. 
19, 20.—Stockport Chrysanthemum Show. 
23.—R.H.S. Committees and Lecture. 
25, 26, 27—Dundee Chrysanthemum Carnival. 
26, 27. — Aberdeen Chrysanthemum Show. 
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