December 11, 1897. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
227 
“Hardy Ornamental Flowering 
Trees and Shrubs ” 
By JD. WIEIBST .EIR... 
SECOND AND CHEAP EDITION 
This book is a valuable guide to planters of beautiful trees and shrubs for the adorn¬ 
ment of parks and gardens. Price 2s. ; post free, 2s. 3d. 
"GARDENING WORLD OFFICE," 1, Clement’s Inn, STRAND, LONDON, 
RETARDED 
Lily of the Valley Crowns 
NOW FROM ICE. 
A Lady wriles“ Ttese ‘retarded’ Crowns are the most 
delightful, inexpensive floral invention of the age, and Mr. 
Jannoch deserves the universal gratitude of all lovers oi 
flowers.’’ 
WRITE FOR LIST. 
T. JANNOCH, 
Lily of the Valley Grower to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. 
DERSINGHAM. KING’S LYNN, NORFOLK. 
FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT 
Nothing so profitable and 
easy to grow. 
8o Acres of Saleable Trees. 
THE BEST PROCURABLE. 
Lists Free . 
HUNDREDS of THOUSANDS. 
Bushes in variety. Packing and 
1 Carriage free for Cash with order. 
8/- per doz., GO/- per 100. 
All other Nurse'y Stock 
carriage forward. 
SOSES.nPQTS From 15/= a doz. 
Ornamental Trees, 91 Acres, 
A Superb Collection of 
Herbaceous Plants, 
Four Acres of Glass, 
Clematis (80,000) from 15 - doz. 
N.B. —Single Plants are sold at 
slightly increased prices. 
GENERAL CATALOGUE 
(Over 160 pages) of Nursery Stock, 
artistically produced containing 
some hundreds of illustrations, 
and full of valuable information, 
free on receipt of 3d. for postage. 
Please mention this Paper. 
RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. 
iti 
ORCHIDS. 
Clean Healthy Plants at Low Prices. 
Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue 
JAMES CYPHER, 
Exotic nurseries, CHELTENHAM. 
GANNELL & SONS’ 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
The most remarkable results that have ever occurred In 
supplying cuttiDgs and plants is the great success and the 
highest awards that have followed those forwarded from ns, 
yes, in the remotest parts of the World, New Zealand and 
Australia, South Africa, as far as Bulawayo, Egypt and Con¬ 
stantinople, Tenneriffe, besides Italy, France, Holland, 
Belgium and Portugal, to say nothing of Mr. Mease s remark¬ 
able record at home again this season with what we have sent 
him, and which history must describe by and bye as wonderful. 
Our umivalled stock of unbloomed plants especially lor the 
supply of cuttings is now in perfect condition, so lull of health 
that they at once give growers heart and confidence the 
moment they see them, striking more quickly, and making 
stiocg and healthy roots, success naturally follows our pure 
country grown stufl. 
New Catalogue is in the press, and we hope to post off 
5 o,ooo shortly. Any client failing to receive a copy will please 
intimate. 
SWANLEY, KENT. 
“ Gardening is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man."—B acon. 
(!ntttlitnit(5 ijWitJi 
Edited by J. FRASER, F.L.S. 
SATURDAY , DECEMBER nih, 1897. 
NEXT WEEK’S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Monday, December 13th.—Meeting of the Floral Committee of 
the National Chrysanthemum Society at the Royal 
Aquarium. 
Tuesday, December 14th.—Royal Horticultural Society: 
meeting of committees at it o’clock. 
Wednesday, December 15th.—Sale of Orchids, etc., at 39, 
North End, CroydoD, by Messrs.Blake & Carpenter. 
Friday, December 17 th.—Sale of Orchids by Messrs, 
Protheroe & Morris. 
^he Carnation Manual.*— The first edi- 
^ tion of this work was issued in 1892 
some time after the present revival of the 
popularity of the Carnation was fairly well 
established. One could hardly expect much 
that was actually new in the course of five 
years, except perftaps in the matter of 
varieties, oi which there are multitudes 
pressing for recognition annually. Some of 
them remain by virtue of superior merit, 
while others pass into oblivion almost as 
quickly as they appear. The chapter on 
“Selection of Varieties” has accordingly 
been entirely revised, and a fresh selection 
made. A new chapter, entitled “ The Mal- 
maison Carnation,” has been added, the 
section having greatly increased in im¬ 
portance since the book first saw the light. 
As a florists’ flower the Caination was 
recently brought into cultivation by com¬ 
parison with the Rose; nevertheless, it 
must have been highly appreciated by 
our forefathers over three hundred 
years ago when they spoke of garden 
Gillofers, Clove Gillofers, and Coronations 
cr Cornations, by all of which names they 
meant the species we now recognise as 
Dianthus Caryophyllus, the parent of all 
the garden races of Carnation. The 
specific name is also recognisable under the 
appellation of jiores Garryophyllis of those old- 
time writers and gardeners. The botanical 
name, Dianthus, is much more recent; but 
the botanists must have had a very high 
estimation of the race when they applied 
the word Dianthus, which signifies flower 
of the gods. 
Double varieties of the Carnation existed 
more than three centuries ago, and some of 
them at least were not unlike the Old Clove. 
In matters of cultivation we have, 
apparently, not greatly improved upon the 
system pursued more than a century and a 
half ago. Pod-bursters were well known 
(* The Carnation Manual. Edited and issued 
by the National Carnation and Picotee Society 
Southern Section). Second Edition. Cassell and 
Company, Limited, London, Paris, and Melbourne, 
1897. All rights reserved. Cloth boards, 3s. 6d. 
then as now, and pot-culture as a partial 
remedy was equally well known and advo¬ 
cated according to the means then preva¬ 
lent for the dissemination of information 
upon the subject. Yellow ground Carna¬ 
tions existed at least more than three- 
quarters of a century ago, and at that time 
were obtained from Germany. All these 
and other facts suggest that Carnations 
have been favourites in this country ever 
since their introduction, for old writers do 
not admit that either Carnations or Pinks 
were natives. It may also be taken for 
granted that Carnations as a race have 
from time to time risen to the highest pitch 
of fame as a florists’ flower, and again sunk 
into comparative neglect except amongst 
those who cherished old-time garden 
flowers for their own intrinsic beauty and 
grateful fragrance, as in the case of Wall¬ 
flowers, Pinks, Primrose?, and Polyanthus. 
How long the present popularity of Car¬ 
nations will endure it would be difficult to 
say, except that it will co exist with the 
appearance of new, beautiful and improved 
varieties. The authors of the present book 
do well to record all the leading and more 
important facts in connection with cultiva¬ 
tion, the present stage of progress, methods 
of raising new varieties and improving upon 
the race generally. Numerous authors 
have been employed in recording the many 
phases ot this important race of flowers, so 
that the information tendered is varied and 
useful in proportion to the number of culti¬ 
vators that each system or method of treat¬ 
ment can command. This depends largely 
upon the section or sections most admired 
and approved by the respective cultivators. 
It is highly satisfactory that border Carna¬ 
tions should have received such prominent 
recognition in a book largely written by 
florists who still adhere to their tenets with 
regard to theflower of the specialists or select 
few, but have yet been led to appreciate 
the self-coloured and more natural types 
now generally spoken of as border flowers. 
Such recognition on the part of florists of 
the old school would have been regarded as 
rank heresy a few years ago, but more 
particularly in the case of varieties having 
toothed petals, or such as could not be 
spread out flat on the orthodox and orna¬ 
mental paper cards. Border Carnations 
are now the dominant race, inasmuch as 
they are hardier, of more vigorous constitu¬ 
tion, more replete with beautiful and lively 
shades of colour, and have more admirers 
and cultivators than the orthodox florists’ 
flower. 
As the most distinguished raiser and cul¬ 
tivator of this class, Martin R. Smith, Esq., 
has been deputed to write the chapter on 
border Carnations, as well as that on Mal- 
maisons for similar reasons. He admits 
that all Carnations are more or less able to 
withstand the vicissitudes of our climate, 
and in that respect may be regarded as 
hardy ; but there are sorts which do not by 
any means reach the stage of perfection of 
which they are capable when subjected to 
this kind of treatment. The yellow ground 
varieties more particularly may be placed 
in this category, and on that point we are 
in entire agreement with him, for the yellow 
sorts have always been weak growers as 
far as we can ascertain. Why this should 
be so would be difficult to explain, perhaps, 
except that they are more removed from 
the natural character of the wild or original 
form of the species. Yellow varieties do 
not occur in this or any other species of the 
genus in a wild state, so that the evolution 
of the yellow Carnation is a triumph of 
man, and the “ art that does mend nature.” 
The yellow of the cultivated flower is far 
more pronounced than in the case of the 
yellow Hyacinth, Stock, or Sweet Pea. 
