December 18, 1897. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
253 
Dracaenas were in very fine form, and attracted 
much attention. 
Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, exhibited ten bas¬ 
kets filled with Cypripedium*, including C. insigne 
grandiflorum, C. harrisianum, C. insigne sylhetense, 
C. i. albo-marginatum, &c., all well flowered. 
Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, 
staged a mixed collection of Orchids, including good 
specimens of Calanthe Veitchi alba, Lycaste Skinneri, 
Cypripedium Sedeni, C. insigne Maulei, Oncidiura 
tigrinum, O. varicosum, and various others. They 
were set up with Palms aud Maidenhair Ferns. 
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton, staged an in¬ 
teresting group of Orchids, including the beautiful 
Cypripedium Mino magnificum, C. Calypso, C. 
insigne Laura Kimball, Cymbidium winnianum, and 
various others. The last named is a beautiful 
hybrid. Very choice was Lycaste Skinneri armeniaca, 
with an apricot lip and petals, and white sepals. 
A rare and pretty terrestrial species is Cynorchis 
Lowii (Silver Banksian Medal). 
Walter C. Walker, Esq. (gardener, Mr. Geo. 
Cragg), Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill, exhibited 
Laelia albida, Walker's var., L. peduncularis, &c. 
A grand thing was Cypripedium insigne, Wigan's 
var., exhibited by Sir Frederick Wigan (grower, Mr. 
W. H. Young), Clare Lawn, East Sheen. He also 
had Trichopilia brevis and Maxillaria grandiflora. 
A very fine variety of Laelia anceps was shown by 
Admiral Sir Henry Fairfax (gardener, Mr. Wm. 
Yea), Ravenswood, Melrose, N.B. Two fine pieces 
of Oncidium Forbesii were shown by M. S. Cock, 
Esq. (gardener, Mr. W. Brickell), Tankervide, 
Kingston Hill. R. W. Richards, Esq., The Priory, 
Usk, Mon., showed a fine piece of Laelia pumila 
praestans. 
Calanthe Harrisii was shown by J. T. Bennett 
Poe, Esq. (gardener, Mr. Downes), Holmwood, 
Cheshunt. Walter Cobb, Esq. (gardener, Mr. 
Howes), Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells, showed Cypri¬ 
pedium Calypso dulcotense and C J. Howes, a very 
handsome variety. Thos. McMeekin, Esq. (gardener, 
Mr. A. Wright), Falkland Park, South Norwood 
Hill, exhibited C. insigne Falkland Park var., and 
C. Mrs. Geo. Botterill, both very pretty sorts. De 
Barri Crawshay, Esq. (gardener, Mr. S. Cooke), 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks, exhibited dark Laelia anceps, 
Mrs. De B. Crawshay, and a richly coloured variety 
of L. autumnalis. The pretty Laelia Briseis was 
tabled by Mr. Jas. Douglas, Edenside, Great Book- 
ham, Surrey. H. Druce, Esq (gardener, Mr. G. 
Walker), The Beeches, 43, Circus Road, St. John's 
Wood, exhibited a fine Oncidium, bearing two pani¬ 
cles of bloom. 
Near the doorway a semi-circular group of late 
Chrysanthemums in pots were set up by Mr. T. 
Cubberley, gardener to J. W. Temple, Esq., Leys- 
wood, Tunbridge Wells. Janette Sheban and Prin¬ 
cess Blanche were the varieties shown. The flowers 
were fresh and of gocd colour (Silver Flora 
Medal). 
A Silver Banksian Medal went to A. Pears, Esq. 
(gardener, Mr. Farr, Spring Grove, Isleworth), for a 
group of handsome plants, Begonia Gloire de 
Sceaux and Poinsettias. The latter were put up by 
themselves in a semi-circular group, with Palms and 
Bamboos. The Poinsettias were an even lot of 
plants, and carried medium-sized, very bright heads. 
Messrs. Wm. Cutbush and Son, Highgate, N., 
sent a meritorious batch of double Chinese Primu¬ 
las. The rose variety, Marchioness of Exeter, and 
the white Princess, were the two varieties on view. 
In both cases the flowers were large and fine (Silver 
Banksian Medal). 
A Silver Flora Medal went to Mr. H. J. Jones, 
Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham, S.E., for a group of 
cut Chrysanthemums. The blooms were fresh and 
good considering the advanced season. Simplicity, 
Mrs. H. Weeks, Georgina Pitcher, Mme. Carnot, 
and Golden Gate were some of the most noticeable 
varieties. 
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, 
sent a batch of finely-flowered Cyclamen. The 
flowers were large, and of capital substance. A 
batch of Carnation Winter Cheer also came from the 
firm (Bronze Banksian Medal). 
A very showy exhibit of cut blooms of Zonal 
Pelargoniums came from Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, 
Swanley, Kent. Upwards of three dozen bunches in 
as many varieties were displayed in an attractive 
fashion with a groundwork of Adiantum. Mr. P. 
Routh, Duchess of Marlborough, Herrick, Enid, 
Niagara, Crabbe, and Lady Tennyson were some of 
the finer varieties. A Silver Banksian Medal was 
awarded. 
Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons, Ltd , Chelsea, showed 
samples of the new winter-flowering Begonias, 
Ensign and Winter Cheer. Mr. J. R. Tranter, 
Henley-on-Thames, sent three blooms of the new 
Chrysanthemum Mrs. J. R. Tranter, a fine late 
variety. Mr. James Bryson, Helensburgh, N.B., 
had blooms of seedling single Chrysanthemums. 
At a meeting of the Fruit and Vegetable Committee 
Mr. S. Mortimer, Rowledge, Farnham, Hants, was 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a dozen boxes 
of fine Tomatos. The variety was a selected form 
of Conqueror. 
Mr. Owen Thomas, The Royal Gardens, Frogmore, 
sent a box of Cucumber Frogmore All the Year 
Round. 
Fifty-six dishes of excellent Apples were sent by 
Mr. H. Berwick, Sidmouth, Devon. Sandringham, 
Lady Henniker, Perkins, Tyler’s Kernel, Warner’s 
King, Annie Elizabeth, Newton Wonder, and Golden 
Noble were some of the most noteworthy varieties 
(Silver Knightian Medal). 
A Silver Banksian Medal went to Mr. J. Day, 
gardener to the Earl of Galloway, Galloway House, 
Garlicstown, for twenty dishes of Apples. Mr. Day 
also sho wed half-a-dozen heavy bulbs of Ailsa Craig 
Onion. 
Nineteen dishes of Apples were forthcoming in 
competition for the Veitch flavour prizes. Mr. 
Herrin, The Gardens, Dropmore, Maidenhead, was 
first with Adam’s Pearmain. Mr. C. Ross, Wellford 
Castle Gardens, Newbury, was second with Cockle’s 
Pippin. 
Twelve dishes of Pears were shown. Mr. W. 
Allan, gardener to Lord Suffield, Gunton Park, 
Norwich, was first with President Barabe. Mr. 
Geo. Wythes, gardener to Earl Percy, Syon House, 
Brentford, received the second prize for a dish of 
Winter Nelis. 
A collection of different varieties of Celery and 
Celeriac supplied by various cultivators excited a 
good deal of interest. Mr. Bain, gardener to Sir 
Trevor Lawrence, Burford Lodge, Dorking, had 
capital samples of Celeriac Geant de Prague, and C. 
a feuille panachee. He also obtained a cultural 
commendation for a fine head of Couve Tronchuda. 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, showed samples of 
their Solid White Celery, and Mr. T. Cross, Bury 
St. Edmunds, sent Celery Victoria Pink. Mr. 
Alfred Outram, 7, Moore Park Road, Fulham, sent 
Celery Jubilee Red Plume. Miss Breton (gardener, 
Mr. R. Handley), Sandhurst, Berks, showed 
Cardoons. 
-—- 
Questions ADD AO$Qj@H$ 
*.* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged bv their so doing. 
[ 1 Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.] 
Fungus on Chrysanthemums. -IF. Evans: The 
Chrysanthemum leaves you sent us are attacked 
with a species of Puccinia, possibly P. tanaceti. At 
present it is only in the Uredo stage, and by the 
older botanists would have been named Uredo. Now 
some varieties of Chrysanthemums are more liable 
to be attacked than others, and we should have been 
pleased if you had given us the name or names of the 
variety or varieties affected in this way. No doubt 
you are more concerned about the cure, but the 
disease is incurable, for the reason that the early 
growth of the fungus is all inside the leaves, and the 
spots of dark chestnut-brown, mostly on the under 
side of the leaves, but sometimes above, are really 
myriads of oval dark brown spores that have broken 
through the skin of the leaf ready to be carried hither 
and thither by the slightest breath of air,and scattered 
over the leaves of previously healthy plants, to 
repeat the evil there. It is the first time we have 
seen this particular form of fungus on Chrysanthe¬ 
mums, and we thank you for sending the leaves. In 
ordinary language this disease is termed rust. Your 
first proceeding should be to carefully gather all 
affected leaves and burn them. The affected plants 
should be kept in a house or pit by themselves, and 
carefully watched for any further outbreak. If the 
plants are very bad it might be worth your while 
destroying them, and getting healthy cuttings from 
some other source. The necessity for the extreme 
measure largely depends upon the rapidity with 
which the fungus spreads. We note that you have 
been using sulphur. This is good enough for the 
ordinary mildew, but it has no effect upon Puccinia, 
because the growth of the fungus is inside the leaves. 
Spraying with the Bordeaux mixture might be tried 
at intervals during summer by way of preventing 
attack, but this means a deal of labour. The mix¬ 
ture to be tried would consist of 3 lbs. of sulphate of 
copper, 2% lbs of lime, and 30 gallons of water, or 
something similar to those proportions. The sul¬ 
phate should be dissolved in a portion of the water, 
and the lime in another. When mixing the two 
solutions stir all the time, and add sufficient water 
to make up the regulation quantity. 
Angle of Frame.— Omega : With the dimensions 
of the frame you furnish us, the angle of elevation at 
the highest part of the back would be io°, and just 
barely sufficient to throw off rain under fairly 
favourable conditions. 
Distance to plant Apples and Pears apart.— 
Omega: If the Apples are on the Paradise and the 
Pears on the Quince, we should presume that they 
are in pyramid or bush form but you do not state. 
Now this is all important for a direct answer. If 
they are as above stated, plant then at 6 ft. apart 
each way. This will be sufficient for a number of 
years without wasting the ground, which you can 
crop for a time with a few rows of Strawberries or 
vegetables. When the trees get too thick, lift every 
alternate row, and every alternate tree in the rows 
left. This will leave them all at 12 ft. apart, and the 
lifted trees may be planted elsewhere. If you desire 
to plant permanently at once, give the trees 12 ft. 
each way, and crop the ground with something 
between the rows. 
Angle of elevation for a Fruit House — Omega: 
The best all round angle of elevation for the roofs 
of fruit houses, in your part of the country at least, 
would be 45 0 . The rays of the sun would strike such 
a roof perpendicularly twice a year, say on April 6th 
and September 4th. For some days before and after 
these dates the divergence of the sun’s rays from the 
perpendicular on your glass would only be very 
slight. The two dates given would also encompass 
the greater portion of your growing season, so that 
you would get the greatest amount of benefit from 
the sun during that period. For a forcing house 
you would get greater advantage from a higher angle 
so as to catch a maximum of the sun's rays in spring, 
but you speak of the best all-round angle. 
Analysis of Soils.—IF. J. R.: This would have 
to be done by a competent analyst. In the more 
important or populous districts of the country there 
is generally a qualified analyst in the neighbourhood. 
If there is one in your district the local chemist 
would be a very likely man to whom to apply for 
the desired information. What you want to know 
is the chemical composition of your soil, and what 
percentage of the ingredients are soluble or readily 
soluble. 
Freesias.— Flora: For a reply to last week's 
question, see p 246. 
Names of Fruits.— N. Campany : 1, Golden 
Reinette ; 2, Hanwell Souring. 
Names of Plants.— IF. C. Marsland: 1, Croton 
Laingii; 2, Croton variegatum ; 3, Croton pictum ; 
4, Croton, not recognised; 5, Astrantia major; 6, 
Ruscus aculeatus, or Butcher’s Broom.— J. M. : 1, 
Begonia Rex var.; 2, Tropaeolum Ball of Fire; 3, 
Eupatorium riparium ; 4, Eupatorium odoratum ; 5, 
Erica gracilis; 6, Adiantum caudatum. -G. Hyde : 1, 
Ilex Aquifolium ferox argentea ; 2, Prunus lusitani- 
cus; 3, Choisya ternata; 4, Oplismenus Burmanni 
variegatum, generally called Panicum variegatum.— 
T.H.: 1, Laelia autumnalis; 2, Oncidium praetex- 
tum ; 3, Odontoglossum Pescatorei. 
Communications Received.—James Shennan.— 
A. Hope.—H. Cannell.—L. H. Bailey.—A. E. S — 
G. Wythes —A. W.-E. H —J. D — H. C — A. L D. 
—S. M.—A. M.—Geo. Saunders.—S. T. B. — Y.— 
L. Menzies.—Rose.—Dahlia.—P. P. 
* 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Sutton & Sons, Reading.—Sutton's Amateur’s 
Guide in Horticulture for 1898. 
A. W. Young & Co., Stevenage, Herts.—Special 
List of Hardy Herbaceous, and other Roots for 
Autumn and Spring Planting. 
John Peed & Sons, Roupell Park Nurseries, West 
Norwood, London, S.E.—Peed's Seed Catalogue for 
1898. 
Henry Eckford, Wem, Shropshire.—Catalogue 
of Giant Sweet Peas, Culinary Peas, Vegetable Seeds, 
Flower Seeds, &c. 
James Carter & Co., 237, 238, and 97, High 
Holborn, London.—Carter’s Tested Garden Seeds. 
1898. 
