January 1, 1898. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
281 
transplanted, and the following July they will be fit 
for budding. It will be seen that the seedlings take 
about the same time as cuttings to develop into 
p'ants, and they produce much better standard or 
half-standard stocks.. 
Yellow Madame Carnot— Geo. Saunders-. G. J. 
Warren and the so-called Yellow Madame Carnot 
are identical. The primrose-yellow or sulphur 
coloured sport is quite distinct from G. J. Warren. 
It is named Mrs. W. Mease. 
Pruning an Apple Tree — S. T. B .: From the 
information you give with regard to your Apple tree 
we should consider it best to shorten the leading 
shoots to half their present length. Next year two 
or more shoots may be taken from each, and trained 
out to form a proper fan shape. You will thus get 
a good foundation for a shapely tree, and fruitfulness 
will follow. 
Reducing Black Currants. -S. T. B. : If the 
bushes are too large you can easily reduce them by 
chopping off the outlying portions with a sharp 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS AT BLACKBURN 
CEMETERY. 
About the third week of November a very fine and 
interesting collection of Chrysanthemums was open 
to public view at the Blackburn Cemetery. The 
many charmiDg varieties there displayed reflected 
very great credit on the head gardener, Mr. Joseph 
Batty. 
Amongst the leading white varieties, were Niveus, 
Madame Carnot, Miss Elsie Teichmann, Souvenir 
d’une Petite Amie, and Madame A. de Galbert. Beau¬ 
tiful incurved varieties were Duchess of Fife, and J. 
Agate. Yellows were supplied by Sunflower, Miss 
Maggie Blenkiron, the rich yellow incurved Major 
Bonnaffon, Edith Tabor, the new variety, C. W. 
Richardson, and Chas. Curtis, also incurved. 
Mrs. W. H. Lees was a grand white sort. 
Amongst the pinks may be mentioned ; William 
Tricker, the incurved Mrs Clibran, and Rena Dula. 
We must not forget the primrose-coloured Lady E. 
Saunders, the bronze coloured Thomas Wilkins and 
Colonel W. B. Smith, the lovely lilac-coloured 
Australie, the canary-yellow Australian Gold, also 
from the type in seedlings. The modtrn race of 
Chrysanthemums has arisen from two species only _ 
C. indicum, a small yellow flower that was culti¬ 
vated in the Physick Gardens at Chelsea in the 
middle of the last century, but was lost sight of 
owing to its insignificant appearance ; and C. mori- 
folium (Mulberry leaved),now known more commonly 
as C. sinense, which was commonly believed to 
have rose colcured flowers. C. indicum is particu¬ 
larly the parent of all the pompon varieties. 
Yellow is generally believed to have been the 
earliest colour 'Mter green, and it was seen first in 
the stamens and pollen of the Conifers, which form 
a connecting link between the Ferns and the flower¬ 
ing plants. After yellow, come the pinks, the reds, 
purples, and the attendant shades, and finally blue. 
The last named colour has not yet been reached in 
the Chrysanthemum. 
Chrysanthemums have from an early date been 
prone to change the colours of their flowers. An 
illustration is afforded by the variety known as 
Changeable Buff, which was introduced to this 
country in 1824. The normal cclour of its flowers 
was buff, but occasionally it would change to rose, 
spade. These divisions may themselves be planted, 
for if they have a fair amonnt of roots attached they 
soon develop into decent bushes. 
Young Hollies Dying —I have a Holly hedge in 
’my garden which, as it has gone rather thin at the 
bottom, I attempted to repair last spring by planting 
at the base some young Hollies. These have all 
died during the course of the year. Is this due to 
the time of the year at which they were planted ? 
And would it be advisable to put in other young 
plants to take the places of the dead ones ?— A. M. 
It is not the time of planting that is the secret of 
the mischief. The young plants have been starved 
by the older plants taking from them all the moisture 
of the soil. The summer was very dry, and under 
such circumstances the young plants with no depth 
of root run would soon begin to suffer. The autumn 
rains came too late to save them. In attempting to 
repair your hedge in the manner suggested you will 
always have to face the difficulty of the old plants 
taking nourishment of the soil away from the young 
ones, but by dint of careful and consistent waterings 
subsequent to planting, and, perhaps, a more favour¬ 
able summer, you may succeed next year where ycu 
bav^iailed this. At least, the attempt is worth 
.making. 
Group of Chrysanthemums at Blackburn. 
- *6 
Mons. Chenon de Leche, which is a beautiful rosy- 
buff-coloured variety, shaded yellow. There were 
also very fine specimens of “Hairy Wonder,’’ and 
a great many others which space will not permit to 
mention. This being the first year it has been open 
to the public it is really a splendid collection. 
The accompanying illustration prepared for us by 
Mr. John Ianson, 140, Shear Brow, Blackburn, 
Lancs., gives a view of the collection as it appeared 
on the above-mentioned date. The pressure of the 
Chrysanthemum shows on our space prevented us 
from reproducing the photograph at the time. 
-»*»-- 
SPORTING OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
The Rev. Geo. Henslow lectured to the assembled 
fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society on the 
“ Sporting of Chrysanthemums ” on the 14th ult. 
Mr. C. E. Pearson occupied the chair. 
In his opening remarks the lecturer said that 
Chrysanthemums appear to produce more sports 
than any other of our cultivated plants with the ex¬ 
ception of Roses. It is not the fashion to call 
seedlings sports, although we might just as well do 
so, seeing that Nature also produces many variations 
or yellow, and then back to buff again. We find 
that ihe distinct forms of the flower known in the 
present day in the older sorts, and the plants which 
came to this country from China and Japan were 
ready for English workers to deal with. 
The Rev. G. Henslow then went on to say that he 
had received a good deal of intimation with regard to 
Chrysanthemum sports from the various large 
growers. A hundred had been sent to him, together 
with the colour of the flower, and the history and 
parentage of the plant. 
Included in tnis number were thirteen yellows. 
These in most cases were deeper yellows than the 
parent plants. The red, too, in the parents had 
changed to a deeper red in the sports. This was 
possibly the result of selections, although salts of 
phosphate of ammonia often had the effect of deepen¬ 
ing the colour. 
Of red sports from red flowers there were nine ; of 
bronze from red there were thirteen; and of buff 
from bronze five, but there was not a single instance 
in the varieties brought under his notice of yellows 
sporting to red. He inferred from this that if we 
granted the development of colours in accordance 
with the recognised idea Nature had performed the 
change from yellow a long while ago, and did not 
feel inclined to change back. 
