398 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
February 19, 1898, 
buds, spreading the disbudding fairly equally over 
the whole area of the tree. For the present a tempera¬ 
ture of 55° Fabr by night will be a safe one, a rise of 
about to 6 being allowed on sunny days. Shut up 
the house early in the afternoon, which will obviate 
the necessity for so much fire-heat. 
Succession House.— With the opening of the 
flowers the syringing must cease, and less water 
should ba thrown about the walls and passages in 
order that the atmosphere may become sufficiently 
dry to admit of the easy dispersal of the pollen. The 
process of artificial pollination must be prosecuted 
vigorously, going over the flowers each day about 
noon. A rabbit’s tail affixed to a light bamboo rod 
is the handiest tool to use. It should be borne in 
mind that a very light touch is sufficient to pick up 
the pollen from the anthers and transfer it to the 
stigma, and also that any bruising of the stigma 
from too heavy handling of the brush is almost sure 
to prove fatal to the incipient fruit. 
Early Cherries. — As soon as the fruit is set a 
thorough syringing should be given the trees, which 
will clear from them all old blossoms, and fruits that 
have been but imperfectly set. From this time the 
regular syringings should be kept up until the fruit 
commences to colour. Meanwhile, attend to the 
stopping of shoots before they reach an unsightly 
length, for next year’s crop has to be looked after as 
well as the present one. Take care to avoid 
draughts, but do not coddle the trees under any con¬ 
sideration, for a too high temperature at this stage 
would be very injurious. 
Succession Houses.— In the second early house 
the trees are now in full bloom,and pollination, as in 
the case of Peaches, must be conduc ted artificially. 
A temperature of about 50° should be given during 
the night, with a 5 0 or io° rise during the day 
according to circumstances. Air as freely as the day 
will permit, but do not open the ventilators on the 
north side of the house. 
The Borders in which Vines,Figs, Peaches, etc., 
are growing will now require the closest attention, 
for in the advanced houses the roots are very active, 
and a check for want of sufficient moisture, although 
easily enough given, would be attended with very 
serious consequences. Any water used should be 
warmed by the addition of hot water until it stands 
at a temperature of not less that 6o Q Fahr., and in 
the case of the earliest Vines if it is 5° or 8° warmer 
it will be all the better,— A. S. G. 
— 8 «- 
THE SHERWOOD £10 10s. SILVER 
CUP FOR ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS. 
The details given on page 48 of the Royal Horti¬ 
cultural Society’s “ Arrangements, 1898,” do not 
appear to some people sufficient, and various appli¬ 
cants have asked the following questions, which, with 
their answers, the president and council would be 
greatly obliged by your kindness in publishing for 
the information of others. 
Q. —" The contents of each tube must consist of 
one variety only. Am I to understand that 
Coreopsis grandiflora and C. Drummondii, or 
Nasturtium Cloth of Gold and N. Crimson King, 
and so on may not be exhibited in the same tube ?" 
A .—“ They may not." 
Q. —“ Are the tubes not to exceed 3 in. in diameter 
at the top side ?’’ A .—“ They must not exceed.” 
Q. — "The vases must ba provided by exhibitors, 
and must not exceed 6 in. in diameter inside. Does 
this apply to the 'plain glass vases’ only?" A. — 
"Yes. The tubes must not exceed 3 in. nor the 
vases 6 in." 
Q.—“ Who provides the tubes ?” A . —" Exhibitor ; 
unless he is content with the stoneware jars the 
society provides at all times.” 
Q. —“Will regulation XI. be enforced —all speci¬ 
mens must be the bona-fide property of and grown 
by exhibitor ?" A. —“Yes." 
Q. — " Must exhibitor stage, that is, arrange his 
own exhibit, or may he call in professional help?" 
A. —" A special person may not be procured for this 
special purpose. Exhibitor, or bis gardener, or 
some member of the family of either must arrange 
exhibit.” 
Q .— “ Can the exhibit be repeated ?’’ A. — " Yes.’’ 
Q .— " Will other foliage be allowed ?" A. — " Only 
the foliage of the variety itself." 
Q .~-“ May grasses be mingled with flowers ?" 
A.—" No.” 
Hardening JJiscellany. 
ANEMONE JAPONICA COURONNE VIRGIN ALE. 
M. V. Lemoine, of Nancy, France, is always emi¬ 
nently successful in the raising of new plants. That 
under notice is a double form of Anemone japonica 
having about four rows of petals, which show a 
small cluster of stamens in the centre when fully 
expanded. The flowers measure about 3J ins. in 
diameter, and are white with a shade of rose as they 
begin to age. They are beautifully neat in form, 
being built up of a great number of relatively nar¬ 
row petals after the style of the typical A. japonica. 
A good illustration of it in Moller’s Deutsche 
Gaertner Zdtung for 1st January, shows a bunch of 
flowers and leaves. 
BIRDS AND FRUIT BUDS. 
With such an open and mild winter one would think 
that insect food could be had in plenty without 
resorting to the buds of Gooseberries and Currants ; 
but in our case this does not seem to be so, for it is 
years since I noticed such depredations as sparrows 
and finches have done up to now. Although there is 
both wheat and barley-corn in the poultry trough 
just " over the garden wall," they are still militant. 
Perhaps, were it not for that corn, the bushes might 
have gone too ere now, and not have remained as 
standing mementoes for an order to thread them, and 
for fishing-net dealers. Who knows ?— B. L. 
LAW NOTE. 
The Cattleya Aclandiae Alba Action. 
In the Court of Appeal on Tuesday last, Lord 
Justices A. L. Smith, Cbitty, and Collins were 
engaged with the case of Ashworth v. Wells, which 
came before their lordships in the form of an appli¬ 
cation by the defendant to have the decision of the 
Divisional Court, directing a new trial, set aside on 
the ground that the judgment entered for him at 
trial before the learned County Court judge at Man¬ 
chester was right, and ought to be affirmed. 
Mr. Montagu Lush appeared for the appellant, 
and said that in 1895 Mr. Wells decided to sell by 
auction in London his valuable collection of Orchids. 
Among the purchasers was the plaintiff, who was 
also a well-known Orchid grower—indeed, it was 
stated that his collection was valued at something 
like £15,000 to £20,000. One of the lots Mr. Ash¬ 
worth purchased was described in the catalogue as a 
" Cattleya Aclandiae alba, seven bulbs, three leads 
—the only known plant," which was eventually 
knocked down to him for twenty guineas. 
The plant was placed among Mr. Ashworth’s 
other Orchids, and, after two years' careful culture, 
produced not an " alba," or white flower, but a 
purple one. It was not disputed that the descrip¬ 
tion in the catalogue was a warranty that it was 
an alba; that it having proved to be only a common 
Cattleya Aclandiae, the value of which was less than 
ios., the plaintiff was entitled to have his money 
back. 
The dispute between the parties was whether the 
plaintiff was right in claiming special damages for 
false warranty. The learned County-court judge, 
while being of opinion that if the Orchid in question 
had been an actual alba it would have been at the 
time of sale worth more than £50, held that until 
the plant had shown its real nature no Orchid 
grower would have given more than 20 gs. for it. 
As the defendant had paid that sum into court, 
together with £2 as compensation for the loss of 
time and trouble expended by the plaintiff during 
the two years upon its culture, he entered judgment 
for him with costs. 
The plaintiff thereupon appealed to the Divisional 
Court, which decided that the County-court judge 
ought to have taken a wider view, and not have 
restricted the damages to the price which the plain¬ 
tiff had given for it two years ago at the auction. 
They therefore directed that the case should be 
sent back to be retried, and the damages assessed 
in accordance with their expression of opinion. 
Mr. Wells then appealed to the Court of Appeal. 
Mr. C. A. Russell, Q.C., with whom was Mr. 
Tweedale, submitted that the appeal was ill-founded 
and that the opinion as to the basis upon which the 
measure of damages should be calculated, expressed 
by the Divisional Court, was right. The County- 
court judge ought to have considered the value at 
which the Orchid would have arrived at by this 
time. The claim was reduced to £50 in order (0 
give jurisdiction to the County-court to try the case. 
His judgment was also inconsistent, for he found as 
a fact that if the Orchid had been really an alba it 
would have been worth more than £50 at the time 
of sale. He asked, therefore, that their lordships 
would direct judgment to be entered for Mr. 
Ashworth for the full amount of his claim—£50— 
with costs, and save the expense of a new trial. 
Lord Justice Smith, in the course of a long judg¬ 
ment, said the warranty was that this plant when it 
bloomed—if in fact it ever did bloom—would pro¬ 
duce a white blossom. It was not a warranty that 
the plant would blossom or even that it would live. 
The plaintiff bought it knowing that he would have 
to keep it a considerable time in the ordinary course 
of events before there would be a flower. It was not 
suggested that if the cultivation had been different 
the plant would have produced a white instead of the 
purple flower. The County Court judge was wrong 
in deciding that Mr. Ashworth was only entitled to 
have his money back and was not entitled to claim 
anything more by way of special damage. The 
plaintiff claimed £50, although evidence was given 
to show that a white Cattleya, if one was ever found 
to exist, would be worth a very large sum. The 
Court would order judgment to be entered for the 
plaintiff for £50, with costs, and the defendant’s 
appeal would be disallowed. 
Lord Justice Chitty and Lord Justice Collins 
agreed to this judgment, and the appeal was dis¬ 
missed. 
—“* 
OBITUARY. 
Mr. Edmund Tones. 
The ranks of amateur gardeners have been much 
depleted by the loss of Mr. Edmund Tonks, who 
passed away at his residence, Packwood Grange, 
Knowle, Birmingham, after having been for some 
considerable time an invalid. Mr. Tonks was 
originally intended for the legal profession, and with 
a view to that intent went to Oxford and obtained 
there his B.C.L. He was called to the Bar in 1847 
but never practised, circumstances causing him to 
join his father in the business of Wm. Tonks & 
Sons, brass-founders, Birmingham. He took a keen 
interest in all that related to horticulture, and he 
took especial delight in dealing with problems con¬ 
nected with the diseases of plants. He was a Fellow 
of the Royal Horticultural Society, and read an in¬ 
teresting paper on " Canker in Fruit Trees ’’ at the 
Apple and Pear Congress held at Chiswick in 
October, 1888. His magnum opus was, however, the 
preparation of a “ General Index to the Latin names, 
and synonyms of the plants depicted in the first 107 
volumes of Curtis’s Botanical Magazine. Only 150 
copies of this book were published. Mr. Tonks 
was much respected and loved by all who knew him. 
Candid and out-spoken to a fault he lived his life a 
kind-hearted, generous, and sympathetic gentleman. 
Of shrewd common sense he had no small store, and 
his range of reading was wide and thorough. 
——>* » — - 
Questions add Ansajens 
Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
\Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.] 
Growing Seakale. —T. C. Steel : For the general 
items concerning the planting of Seakale, see under 
"Kitchen Garden Calendar” in another column. 
For your part of the country it would be quite safe 
to plant Seakale roots or crowns sometime next 
month, earlier or later, according to the state of the 
weather and the dry and workable condition of the 
soil. It is perfectly hardy, so that all you have to 
do is to select a suitable time, when the ground is in 
working order. You could at the same time sow 
seeds in properly prepared and manured ground. 
The seeds will come up as.the temperature rises and 
you can thin out the seedlings to 9 in. apart in rows 
2 ft. asunder. In some parts of the country the 
seedlings get large enough to be fit for forcing in 
winter, but unless your soil is very good and the 
place sheltered you may not be able to accomplish 
this in a single season. After a second summer's 
growth, however, the crowns should be strong and 
excellent for forcing. To economise seed you 
might place three in a group 9 in. or 10 in. apart 
in the rows and leave the strongest after the seed¬ 
lings show which are to make the most vigorous 
plants. Any gaps that may occur might be filled up 
with the seedlmgs lifted. If the crowns or roots 
give rise to more than one, the supernumerary ones 
may be broken off, and the remaining one will 
make useful stuff for forcing. Keep the ground 
frequently hoed so as to loosen the soil and keep 
d<- wn the weeds. 
Calceolaria Cuttings. — A Subscriber: Calceolarias 
often suffer from a disease or some pathological ail- 
