April 16, 1898. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
521 
ragged and whose wood is unsound. A season’s 
growth will then put it to rights. 
Tree Carnations. — F. Ames: The next shift for 
the young Carnations will be into 5 in. pots which 
will be large enough for them to flower in, and will 
thus last them for the remainder of the year. You 
must pinch off the points, otherwise the plants will 
never make bushy specimens. This may well be 
done at once. For the final potting make up a 
compost of two-thirds of loam, one-third of spent 
mushroom bed manure, and plenty of coarse river 
sand. To this add a little soot, at the rate of a 48 
potful of soot to a bushel of soil. Mix the whole 
well together, and pot with medium firmness. If all 
goes well the Carnations will be ready for standing 
out of doors by the end of May. You will need to 
keep a smart look out for green fly which is very 
often troublesome. 
-- 
STOCK PRINCESS ALICE. 
A box of cut flowers of this choice Intermediate 
Stock comes to us from Mr. F. G. Brewer, gardener 
to Graham Fish, Esq., Oaklands, near St. Albans. 
The racemes of blossom, with their stalks, were 
about 1 ft. long, and admirably suited for filling 
NARCISSUS BARRII CONSPICUUS. 
The forms of Daffodil coming under N Barrii are 
considered hybrids belonging to the Medio-corooati 
section, the type being considered a hybrid between 
N. incomparabilis and N. Pseudo-narcissus. Many 
of the varieties come between N. incomparabilis and 
N. poeticus, with the greater leaning towards the 
former. N. Barrii conspicuus is one of the most 
handsome, vigorous, and easy to grow of all of them. 
The individual flowers are of great size, and pro¬ 
duced singly on the stems. The segments are 
broad, overlapping, and of a rich sulphur or lemon- 
yellow, while the crown is beautified with an orange 
rim. For some time after the flowers are fully ex¬ 
panded ths colour is at its best. 
Bulbs planted in good, friable loamy soil, well 
cultivated, and lifted every year, so as to give them 
plenty of room, will increase very fast. The variety 
is, therefore, well adapted for planting in beds and 
borders; also upon the grass and in pots. Under 
the latter treatment it flowers most abundantly, 
several years in succession without being repotted, if 
otherwise given liberal treatment. The accompany¬ 
ing illustration, furnished by Messrs. Barr & Sons, 
King Street, Covent Garden, gives a view of a field 
of this useful variety. For cut flower purposes it is 
admirably adapted. 
There were numerous processes tried at the Ben¬ 
gal plantations, but it will suffice to give brief details 
of the three principal. The first, which was started 
in Madras, and afterwards tried in Bengal, was 
supposed to be the process then worked by the 
European makers of sulphate of quinine, who, how¬ 
ever, gave no information on tne subject, but 
jealously guarded their trade secrets which, of 
course, was perfectly legitimate and business-like, 
but plainly showed that no help in starting quinine 
making in India was to be had from them. By this 
plan the alkaloids were extracted from the bark by 
repeated hot digestion with water mixed with a little 
sulphuric acid, and afterwards precipitated from the 
acidulated liquors with milk-of-lime. The precipitate 
was collected on calico filters, dried, powdered, and 
treated with strong, hot spirits of wine to dissolve 
out the soluble alkaloids from the insoluble sulphate 
of lime which formed the bulk of the precipitate. 
Then the alcohol, containing the alkaloids in solution, 
was mixed with a little dilute sulphuric acid and 
recovered by distillation for future use, and the 
remaining acidulated liquor treated in the ordinary 
way for the recovery of the quinine and other 
alkaloids. But the plan proved a miserable failure 
both in Madras and Bengal. It missed more than 
half the alkaloids, and was tedious and costly to 
work. This was unfortunate, as the chemicals 
A Field of Narcissus Barrii conspicuus. 
vases, glasses, &c. Every individual flower was 1 
in. to ij in. in diameter, pure white, with the excep¬ 
tion of the clear, soft, green claws of the petals ; and 
when the box was opened a delicious aromatic fra¬ 
grance of Cloves diffused through the room. The 
old name of Stock Gilliflower was well deserved, if 
the varieties cultivated in the olden times were as 
deliciously scented. 
Seeds of Princess Alice were sown in September 
last, and after the seedlings had attained some 
strength they were pricked off into medium 60-size 
pots. From these they were repotted into the 48-size 
in January, and their points pinched out ten days 
afterwards. They have been flowering all through 
March, and promise to continue the display till the 
end of the present month. After that time the 
plants will be cut hard back, and when they have been 
started into fresh growth they will be planted out in 
a warm border, where Mr. Brewer hopes to have 
them in bloom again before the spring-sown batch 
attains that stage. Last year he had a third crop 
before frost became sufficiently severe in autumn to 
cut down the plants. The small amount of trouble 
they occasioned was more than repaid by the large 
amount of bloom they produced at different times of 
the year, and under different conditions. The quality 
of the flowers alone is sufficient recommendation for 
cultivating the variety. 
THE CINCHONA IN INDIA. 
(Concluded fyom p. 509). 
Factory. 
After the collection of the bark its plan of disposal 
had to be decided. The easiest plan, which also 
would have been the most profitable for the planta¬ 
tion for many years, would have been to sell the 
bark in London, and buy back the manufactured 
sulphate of quinine. But the Government, both in 
India and at home, were anxious to have it worked 
up at the plantations, so as to save the heavy trans¬ 
port charges, and at the same time render India 
independent of other countries for her quinine 
supplies. The Madras plantations being the oldest, 
were the first to attempt local manufacture, but after 
some years of continual failure gave up the scheme 
as hopeless. Their experiments were conducted by 
Mr. Broughton, the quinologist to the Madras 
Government, who did most excellent and useful 
work in his laboratory, but did not succeed so well in 
the factory. So his experimental factory was shut 
up and the bark sent for sale to London, where for 
many years it fetched most profitable rates. But the 
Bengal Government, who began their manufacturing 
experiments a little later than Madras, persevered 
till success was attained. Now Madras finds it pays 
better to adopt the Bengal plan of local manufacture 
than to ship the bark. 
required to work it were mostly procurable on the 
spot, an important consideration iq a mountainous 
country, where carriage is difficult and expensive. 
Lime was found and burnt cn the place; carbonate 
of potash was made from the ashes of Artemisia and 
other indigenous plants ; and the alcohol from Indian 
Corn grown by the native squatters. The method of 
spirit-making adopted was the one in general use 
among the hill-tribes of the Eastern Himalayas, and 
differs from the ordinary process for making grain- 
spirit in dispensing with the malting-step. The 
Indian Corn is coarsely ground, and heated till soft 
in as much water as it will soak up ; then mixed with 
a small quantity of powdered ferment cake, and put 
into baskets lined with bracken fronds to ferment. 
When sufficiently fermented, the moist mass, with a 
little added water, is treated in the usual way in an 
ordinary still. Afterwards, the weak spirit thus got 
is put through a rectifying still to get it up to 6o° 
over proof, the strength required. The ferment 
cakes are made on the same principle as Mushroom 
spawn, and consist of Rice and the fresh, fleshy 
roots of a rather pretty-flowering Himalayan shrub 
—Polygala arillata— pounded up together. The soft 
mass is made into round cakes an inch thick, and 
sprinkled with a little old ferment cake in powder. 
The cakes are then packed away loosely among Fern 
fronds in a warm place, and the light excluded till 
