654 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
June 11, 1898. 
of their germinative properties which will reappear 
in favourable conditions. 
Let us add, too, that the Orchid is wonderfully 
Inconstant in even the most essential characteristics. 
A certain variety, for example, in Australia, after 
bearing flowers of a particular kind for many years, 
suddenly produces leaves and flowers hitherto re¬ 
garded as belonging to quite a different genus. It is 
for this reason, besides, that the boldest fancy 
hybridisation can be practised with the Orchid, the 
hybrids obtained being just as fertile as the parent 
plants. With such peculiarity we can understand 
the Orchid being in fashion nowadays when novelty 
is more prized than beauty. — Vie Scientifique, 
May 14 ill, i8nS. 
Questions add snsojeRs 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
Us to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
[1 Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
Varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists 1 flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those wlw 
grow collections of them.} 
Fritillaria macrophylla Culture.— M. M'Laren : 
Dr. Wallace, in his book on Lilies and their Culture, 
says that he planted several full-sized bulbs in good 
earth, but nearly the whole rotted away, leaving 
plenty of small bulbs, and the flowers produced were 
poor. Others planted in poor stony soil, and shel¬ 
tered gave good flowers, and the bulbs remained 
sound. After that he planted all of his plants in 
limestone sand, and they were to remain so for the 
future. That was in the Himalayas. In this 
country the plant succeeds best in pots in a frame or 
greenhouse. The light and porous soil above- 
mentioned should be enriched with leaf mould. 
Any potting that is attempted should be done imme¬ 
diately after the stems and leaves have completely 
died down, and are perfectly at rest. At this time 
the bulbs should be kept dry. When repotting it 
would be Well to remove all the small bulbs and 
bulblets which generally cluster round the base of 
the mother bulb, impoverishing it, particularly when 
grown in pots. This is one of the secrets with the 
successful culture of Richardia Little Gem (see p. 
629). The plant must also be kept near the glass to 
get as much substance in the foliage as possible. 
Thinning the Fruits of Apples .—Sigma : What 
amount of thinning is actually advisable is best 
determined on the spot. Healthy, vigorous trees 
will bring more fruits to perfection than weakly ones. 
The clusters of fruit should be reduced to one, two, 
or three at the most, but if you desire the largest 
size and the best finished fruits the trees are capable 
of producing, you must reduce the number to one, 
and that should always be the biggest, most forward 
and best situated fruit for all the advantages of light, 
and space to develop without squeezing by neigh¬ 
bouring branches or shoots. If the trees are crowded 
with clusters of fruit, it may be necessary to remove 
a number of them entirely, without injuring the 
leafy spurs by or below them. Take a glance at the 
tree as a whole, and calculate what number of fruits 
it is able to bear; then you can regulate the number 
of clusters as equally as you can all over the tree. 
Then proceed to thin out the bunches, leaving one or 
two of the very best fruits. This operation might be 
delayed till towards the end of this month, or in fact 
till you can be certain what fruits are likely to fall 
naturally. You could remove the smallest fruits now 
and give the final thinning later on. That would be 
the safer plan. 
Strawberry for Travelling.— Omega : For many 
years past there has been nothing to beat Sir Joseph 
Paxton,as a firm Strawberry that will travel success¬ 
fully by rail. More recently, however, several other 
kinds, including Royal Sovereign, have been sent to 
market in the same way. For short distances, at 
least, Strawberries are sent in baskets, but the fruits 
get more or less crushed by their own weight. For 
select or picked fruits, boxes should be used, about 
3 in. deep, inside measurement. When filled with 
truit, a number of these boxes could be tied together, 
thus saving time in loading and unloading them. 
Outdoor Chrysanthemums .—Veld : Early flower¬ 
ing or border Chrysanthemums cannot be 
relied upon as perfectly hardy; but we think that 
some of the crowns die away as much from the 
result of damp as from frost. At the time of cutting 
down the stems, it might be worth while digging up 
a few of the best crowns and putting them in pots or 
boxes to be preserved in a cool greenhouse or in 
frames. Most of the plants will live in frames when 
they get killed by severe frost outside, and that even 
if the pots in the frames get frozen hard. This 
refers to the old plants ; but if house room is a lead¬ 
ing consideration with you, it would be a better plan 
to take cuttings in November, fill some bo-size pots 
with them and stand the pots on shelves anywhere 
near the glass in a greenhouse, pit, or frame, the 
latter being protected only in the severest weather. 
With regard to protection in the open, we consider 
it a mistake to place fine coal ashes round the young 
shoots and over the crowns, because it buries so 
much of them from heat and light, causing these 
soft-wooded subjects to damp off. Poor and sandy 
soil in perfectly exposed positions in the garden 
would keep Chrysanthemums better than any pro¬ 
tection you can give them there, except hand-lights. 
Gall Mites (Phytoptus) ofi Pears.— M. M'Laren : 
The plan you have adopted of making experiments 
with the trees ought to throw some light on the 
matter ; and if you succeed in destroying or checking 
the spread of the mite, it will be doing gardeners 
good service. The spring is the only time, say the 
entomologists, that you can attack this pest with any 
hope of success ; then the sooner you commence after 
the expansion of the leaves the better. The parent 
mites are believed to take up their quarters in the 
buds during winter. They pierce the young leaves 
and lay their eggs inside. These hatch out and the 
young mites make their exit by a minute hole on the 
underside of the leaf. In syringing with any insecti¬ 
cide, you must, therefore, thoroughly wet the lower 
surface of the leaves in the hope of getting at the 
mites in that way. Neither Gishurst Compound nor 
hellebore powder can do the foliage of the trees any 
harm. A little flowers of sulphur might even be 
added to the first named, so as to strengthen it. We 
shall be highly pleased to hear what success you 
meet with in the operations as well as with the tree 
which you have denuded of its foliage. 
Gathering Garden Pioduce — Omega : For such 
things as Carrots, Parsnips, Beet, and Potatos it 
would matter very little at what time of the day they 
are collected, In the case of all green vegetables, 
such as Peas, Beans, Cabbages, Lettuces, and others 
of that type, there is no doubt but that the morning 
hours would be the best time to collect them during 
the summer months, especially during droughty 
weather. They would be in a more succulent con¬ 
dition than if gathered after the sun has made them 
limp. In wet weather, and after the end of Septem¬ 
ber, they might be gathered during the day, choos¬ 
ing a time when they are fairly dry, if possible, as 
they would keep better when brought together or 
packed in quantity. All fruits should be gathered 
when perfectly dry, if possible; and the early morn¬ 
ing would be the best time for picking the same. If 
gathered during the heat of the day they would 
suffer greatly in flavour, particularly such tnings as 
Strawberries and other soft fruits. 
Drinks and Beverages from Plants.— W. H. 
Patterson : You will find short accounts of a great 
many foreign plants yielding drinks of one sort or 
another in the “ Official Guide to the Museums of 
Economic Botany, No. 1,” relating to Dicotyledons 
and Gymnosperms, and in the “ Official Guide to the 
Museums of Economic Botany, No. 2, 1 both on sale 
at the Royal Gardens, Kew, price 4d. each, and by 
post sd. The new edition of one or both of the 
above might be a little dearer, but of that we are 
not certain. More lengthy particulars concerning 
some of the economic plants under notice are given 
in the “ Treasury of Botany," published by Long¬ 
mans, Green & Co., Paternoster Row, London, price 
15s. for the two volumes. 
Names of Plants— Gardener : The plant from the 
conservatory is Bossiaea linophylla ; the other is 
Saxifraga granulata flore pleno, which must have 
originally been planted in the garden of the old ruin. 
The single form of it is a British plant; both the 
single and double forms are often planted.— Omega : 
The garden plant is the double Red Campion 
Lychnis diurna; the other is Beaked Parsley 
(Anthriscus sylvestris).—T. B.: 1, Pyrus pinnatifida ; 
2, Pyrus Aria; 3, Acer platanoides; 4, Cupressus 
n’utkaensis; 5, Libocedrus decurrens.— W. P.\ 1, 
Oncidium sphacelatum ; 2, Masdevallia harryana ; 3, 
Odontoglossum odoratum; 4, Dendrobium densi- 
florum .—A. L. : 1, Sidalcea oregana malvaeflora; 2, 
Saxifraga liogulata lantoscana ; 3, Saxifraga Aizoon 
var.; 5, Saxifraga Cotyledon pyramidalis; 5, 
Aquilegia chrysantha var.; 6,Lamium maculatum.— 
L. M. : 1, Erinus alpinus ; 2, Daphne Mezereum ; 3, 
Lonicera involucrata ; 4, Spiraea japonica, often, but 
incorrectly, named S. callosa. 
Communications Received.—Wm. Carmichael.— 
W. Swan.—A. P. (many thanks).—J. O’S —A. D. 
Webster.—C. B. G — J. Cheal & Sons —G. J. I — 
Sutton & Sons.—R. S.—A. K.—R. Read.— 1 . B. H. 
_E. A.—Crispa.—Rhubarb.—L, James.—Patrick. 
—M. N.—Cobnut.—Benj. T. 
---- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
H. Henkel, 15, Ernst-Ludwigsstrasse, Darmstadt, 
Germany.—Aquatic Plants, Trees, Shrubs, and other 
subjects. 
Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset.—Wholesale 
Catalogue of Plants, Trees, Shrubs, &c. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
June 8 th, 1898. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1. d s.d. I t. i. s. d 
Apples ...per bushel 00 o o ] Pine-apples 
Cobbs . 00 0 0 | —St. Mlohael's each 26 76 
per 100 lbs. | Strawberries per lb. 1 6 a 6 
Grapes, per tb. 16 3 6 I 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
1. d. 1. d. 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 2 0 40 
Asparagus,per bundle 3080 
Beans, French, per 
per lb. 0916 
Beet.. per dozen 1 0 
Brussels Sprouts 
per half sieve 10 16 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 20 30 
Celery.per bundle 10 16 
Cucumbers per doz. 26 36 
Endive, French, daz. 1620 
1, i. s. d.. 
Herbs .per bnnch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 10 20 
Lettuces ...per dozen 13 16 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunoh 04 0 6 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen 1 c 13 
Seakale.-.per basket 16 20 
Small salad, punnet o 4 
Spinach per bushel 2030 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 1 a 
Turnips ....per bun. 0 3 
Cut Flowers,—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. 
Atom Lilies. 12 blms. 3 o 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 2 o 
Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 6 
Bcuvardlas, per ban. 0 6 
Carnations doz.blms. 1 6 
Eoobarls ...per doz 3 o 
Gardenias ...per doz. 1 6 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 3 0 
Lllium longlflorum 
per doz. 3 0 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 0 6 
Lllac(French)per bun. 3 6 
Mp rgueiltes, 12 bun 20 
MailenUalrFern,i2bs.4 0 
Narcissus, various, 
doz. buns. 1 6 
t. d | s. d. s. d‘ 
4 o Orchids, doz. blooms 10 80 
3 0 I Pe!areonlnms,i2 bun. 40 60 
o 9 Red Roses, per doz. 10 30 
0 8 Roses (Indoor), doz. 06 10 
30 ,, Tea,white, doz. 10 20 
40 ,, Pene . 16 20 
30 ,, Safrano . 10 20 
„ (English), 
6 o Pink Roses, doz. 26 40 
Smilax, per bunch ... 2 0 2 6 
4 0 Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms ... ... 1 0 16 
1 0 Tulips, various, doz. 20 40 
4 0 Violets (Parma), per 
4 0 bunch 26 36 
60 ,, ,, doz. bun. 06 10 
Wallflowers,doz. bun. 2040 
3 0 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1. d. 1. d. 
AiborVltae.per doz. 12 0 36 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 0 
„ speoimen 5 0 10.o 
Azalea, per doz. 24 o 36 0 
Coleus, per doz. 40 60 
Dracaena, various, 
per doz. 12 0 30 0 
Dracaena virldls,doz. 9 0 18 0 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 0 18 0 
Evergreens,Invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Erica,various,perdoz.12 0 30 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 012 0 
Ferns, small, per roo 40 f o 
Ficus elastica, each 10 50 
Foliage Plants, var., 
eaoh 10 50 
Fuchsia, per doz. 5090 
i. d. t. d. 
Fuchsia, per doz. 60 90, 
Heliotrope, per dozen 4 080. 
Hydrangeas, per doz. 8010a 
Ivy Geraniums, 
per doz. 50 80 
Lllium Harrissii, 
per pot 20 4 Oi 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Lobelias, per doz.... 30 5 o> 
Marguerite Daisy doz.4 090 
Mignonette, per doz. 60 80 
Myrtles, doz. 60 go 
Palms in variety,each 1 0 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums ... 9 0 18 0 
1 Scarlets .per doz 2660 
1 Spiraea, per doz.... 60 90 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS, 
Catalogues. 
Barr & Sons .641 
Buuyard & Co.641 
J. Forbes.643 
Kelway & Son .641 
J. Peed & Sons.643 
Simpson & Son.641 
Sutton & Sons .641 
Chrysanthemums. 
Devon Nursery.641 
Florists’ Flowers. 
J. Douglas.641 
R. W. Hockey.641 
Hood Gardens.643 
T. Jannoch.643 
H. J. Jones.643 
Kelway & Son . 641 
Keynes. Williams, at Co. 643 
J. Laing & Sons .643 
R. Owen.641 
J. Peed & Sons.643 
J. Stevens .64 1 
Flower Pots. 
Sankey & Sons, Ltd.642 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co.641 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold.64 1 
Corry & Co.642 
Eveson Coal & Coke Co. 641 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst. ...641 
J. & H. R. Hounam.643 
Leeds Orchid Co.656 
A. Outram.655 
Porter’s Stakes.641 
G. H. Richards.642 
H. G. Smyth .641 
Summer Cloud.642 
Heating Apparatus. 
W. Cooper, Limited ...655 
Messenger & Co., Ltd. ...642 
Thames Bank Iron Co .. 641 
Horticultural Builders. 
I. Boyd & Sons.641 
W. Cooper, Ltd.655 
J. Gray.641 
W. Richardson &Co.655 
J. Weeks & Co., Ltd.641 
Hose. 
F. Reddaway & Co., Ltd. 642 
Insecticides. 
Brinkworth & Sons.643 
Corry & Co.641 
Gishurst Compound .641 
XL All.642 
Lawn Mowers. 
Lloyd, Lawrence & Co....656 
Ransomes, Sims & 
Jefferies, Ltd.642 
A, Shanks & Son, Ltd....642 
Manures. 
C. Beeson .641 
Chemical Union.641 
Clay & Son.S55 
W. Colchester.641 
Homco.641 
Lawes'.654 
Meggitt’s.641 
Native Guano Co.642 
Standees' .643 
W. Thomson & Sons.642 
Miscellaneous. 
Carpet Weaving Co.656 
Cooper's Cycles .655 
Corry & Co., Ltd.641 
Epps’s Cocoa .655 
Gishurstlne .641 
Juno Cycles .656 
Smyth’s Baskets.641 
Netting. 
H. J. Gasson.642 
A. Potter.641 
H. Robinson...641 
Orchids. 
J. Cyphei .643 
W. L. Lewis & Co.641 
P.McArthur .....643 
F. Sander & Co .641 
Publications. 
Gardening World .655 
Ogilvie.650 
J. S. Virtue & Co.....656 
Seeds. 
Simpson &Son.641 
Sutton & Sons.641 
Situations, &c. 642 
Tents. 
A. Potter.642 
