710 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
and the dorsal sepal as well as one of the lateral ones 
were unequal sided, as if a supernumerary one were 
joined to a side of each of them. The column was 
of large size, but perfectly symmetrical, with wings, 
and a large anther cap of the usual form. On the 
removal of the anther cap of the flower given us, 
there were two pairs of unequal pollinia lying loose 
in the cavity, but firmly joined to one another at the 
base, and having the smaller lobe of each towards 
one another. Two pedicels were apparently perfect, 
and attached to two glands in the usual way on 
either side of the central line of what should have 
been the rostellurn. The pedicels were not attached 
to the pollinia, however. A ridge ran down the 
middle of the face of the column showing further 
that the column was double. 
- -*•- 
FLORAL AND BOTANICAL DEMON¬ 
STRATION. 
The fourth of these series of lectures was given by 
the Rev. Professor Henslow, at the Drill Hall, on the 
28th ult. Mr. H. J. Veitch presided over a fairly 
large audience. 
The Canterbury Bells (Campanula Medium caly- 
canthema) formed the first subject of discussion. 
The lecturer drew attention to the formation of the 
corolla in addition to the ordinary green calyx. In 
other cases the calyx became petaloid, and in others 
tjhe stamens were turned into petals. Professor 
Henslow then proceeded to generalise upon the 
phenomena of doubling. In the case of the second 
corolla of the Campanulas it was probably due to a 
superfluity of nourishment, whilst from data he had 
collected it would appear that it might be brought 
about by some check sustained by the plant such as 
starvation. 
The two methods of doubling were illustrated by 
reference to the Paeony, which had originally five 
petals. In some flowers it would be noticed that the 
calyx first became petaloid, then the outer stamens, 
the transformation working towards the centre of 
the flower. In other flowers the carpels were first 
changed, then the inner stamens, thus working out¬ 
wards until, perhaps, only the green calyx was left. 
It was mentioned incidentally that the only British 
Paeony, P. corallina, was at one time to be found on 
Holmes Island at the mouth of the Severn, but that 
it had been extirpated, owing to the construction of 
forts there. In the Canna the calyx and half the 
stamens had been turned into petals. As if to show 
how doubling had been carried on, Nature had given 
them a permanent example in the Water Lily, in 
which it would be found there was a gradual transi¬ 
tion from petaloid sepals outside to petaloid stamens 
and stamens in the centre of the flower. Ranun¬ 
culus acris fl., pi., one of our oldest garden plants, 
and popularly known as “ Bachelors’ Buttons,” was 
cited as another instance of a flower that had doubled 
under Nature's hands, for it was occasionally found 
double in the fields. 
Ttie next theme was the results obtained in the 
improvement of cultivated plants by selection over 
a long series of years, considered apart from, and in 
comparison with, those obtained by hybridisation 
and cross fertilisation. Great things had been done 
by selection alone. It was still a moot point 
whether the modern race of Cinerarias had been 
assisted by hybridisation. Cyclamen persicum had 
been mentioned as an instance of what could be 
done by selection, but he thought the Sweet Pea a 
still better one. He did not think a Larhyrus had 
ever been crossed with a Pea. Antirrhinums, again, 
were to be bad in white, yellow, crimson, and in a 
multitude of intermediate shades, and they were all 
raised from the one species. Here the lecturer re¬ 
minded his audience that by crossing a white form 
with another one a great variety might be obtained, 
and he again instanced the case of the Abutilons, 
which were always copper coloured until a white 
flower, Boule de Neige, was obtained. This, by 
subsequent crossings, gave the numerous shades that 
are now to be had. 
Rbodanthe Manglesii alba was exhibited as illus¬ 
trating a case in which the flower, as it was popu¬ 
larly called, was formed by the showy bracts of the 
involucre. 
The curious habit of Phaenocoma was next re¬ 
ferred to. It was explained that the little knobs on 
the branches were in reality branches themselves, 
clothed with very small leaves. A similarity of 
habit was to be observed in all those plants which 
came from localities where periods of drought were 
experienced. Phaenocoma was one of the plants 
having " everlasting ” flowers, and was allied to the 
Helichrysums. The old Latin writers confused 
these "everlastings” with the flowers of Celosia 
pyramidalis, for Pliny, writing of the latter plant, 
said that if cut it will revive at any time after¬ 
wards. The Greek, Dioscorides, describes 
Helichrysum, continued the lecturer, and says that 
some people call it Celosia. In the biblical passage, 
" an inheritance that fadeth not away,” the word 
amamntos, unfading, was used, thus likening the 
"inheritance” to the "everlasting flowers.” 
The handsome Paeonia albiflora striata was em¬ 
ployed to illustrate the curious effects caused by the 
dissociation of colours, the striation being described 
as a common occurrence in the progeny which had 
a white flower for one of their parents. The garden 
races of Petunias were given as other instances. 
These Petunias were the descendants of two species, 
the one with white flowers, and the other with pur¬ 
ple, introduced to this country at the commencement 
of the present century. There were no double 
Petunias until a few years ago—they appeared simul¬ 
taneously in Germany, France and England. 
Lavatera arborea variegata was shown to exemplify 
the common occurrence of variegation. Proceeding 
to discuss the causes of variegation, the lecturer 
said that one cause was the want of iron, because 
Professor Church had found that if a variegated leaf 
were brushed over with a weak solution of iron it 
would turn greeD, and the same effect would be pro¬ 
duced if the soil in which the plant was growing 
were watered with the iron solution. Variegation 
was also produced by depriving the plant of potash 
and magnesium, although exactly how it was brought 
about was not known. 
The exhibition of the male inflorescence of Cham- 
aerops Fortunei led to a discourse upon artificial 
fertilisation. The knowledge that it was possible to 
to artificially fertilise various flowers was possessed 
to some extent by the ancients, and Pliny said that 
" perhaps men might be able to set seed of the Date 
Palm by transferring the flowering branch of the 
male to the female.” The knowledge was lost to 
the middle ages, but was now recovered. 
The production of intermediate forms of plants by 
crossing two species was next touche 1 upon and 
illustrated by Philadelphus coronaria and P. micro- 
phylla, an intermediate form having been called 
into existence by crossing these two. Another inter¬ 
esting hybrid was shown, a cross between a Black 
Currant and a Gooseberry. Although these two 
species were very distinct from each other they had 
been induced to cross. The hybrid partook of the 
characters of both parents, for the fruits, although 
of the same shape and appearance as Gooseberries, 
were no larger than Currants, and were produced in 
bunches in the same way. The leaves were scent¬ 
less, and the branches destitute of spines. 
The last plant shown was the new Campanula 
miiabilis, a native of the Caucasus mountains. The 
flowers called for no remark, but the leaves, which 
were nearly round, were very thick and fleshy, sug¬ 
gested that the plant must be a native of a very dry 
region. The flower buds and the margins of the 
leaves were protected with stiff, sharp spines. 
At the close of the lecture, Mr. H J. Veitch 
made some interesting remarks. Amongst other 
things he spoke of the way in which the dwarfed 
and stunted Conifers found in Japanese gardens had 
been considered so distinct that they had been de¬ 
scribed as new species by Dr. Lindley. They pre¬ 
served their distinct characters as long as they were 
propagated by cuttings, but when grafted they broke 
away from the Japanese forms, and grew into trees 
almo-t identical with what English nurserymen had 
been growing for years. 
-»*»- 
PLANTS RECENTLY CERTIFICATED, 
The awards mentioned hereunder were made by the 
Royal Horticultural Society on the 28th ult. 
Orchid Committee. 
Stanhopea rodigasiana, Nov. sp .— The flowers of 
this Stanhopea are very striking on account of their 
size and markings. The sepals are creamy or straw- 
yellow externally, and star-mottled with brown ; 
while the inner face is creamy, and heavily spotted 
with crimson-purple blotches on the central and 
July 9, 1898. 
basal portions. The lip is a very remarkable struc¬ 
ture ; the hypochile is black at the base, spotted at 
the sides, and the hollowed portion is rather shallow ; 
the messochile has hatchet-shaped side lobes, 
spotted with crimson-purple, and tailed at the 
anterior ends. There is also a tongue-shaped and 
tailed structure in the middle of the messochile. The 
epichile is curved in a curious fashion, and spotted 
with crimson-purple. First-class Certificate Sir 
Trevor Lawrence, Bart, (grower, Mr. W. H. White), 
Burford Lodge, Dorking. 
Cattleya Adela, Nov. hyb. —The seed bearer was 
Cattleya Trianaei, and the pollen parent C. perciva- 
liana. The sepals and petals are rosy-purple, with 
a paler margin, and displays the peculiar combina¬ 
tion of deep-orange and crimson in the throat, 
which is characteristic of C. percivaliana. It is in¬ 
termediate between the parents, and quite distinct 
from either. Award of Merit. Messrs. J. Veitch & 
Sons, Ltd., Chelsea. 
Cypripedium Iansoni, Nov. h\b. —The parentage 
of this striking hybrid is a guarantee of the bold 
character of the progeny. C. Morganiae was the 
seed bearer, while C. Rothschildianum was the 
pollen bearer. The upper sepal is oblong-ovate, and 
heavily lined with crimson-brown on a creamy-white 
ground. The petals are broad, gradually narrowed 
to the apex, pale straw-yellow, and heavily blotched 
with blackish-crimson all over. The scape carried 
three grand flowers, and the ligulate leaves are 
leathery and green. First-class Certificate. It has 
been named in compliment to Mr. George Ianson, 
grower to Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, 
Enfield, who exhibited it. 
Cypripedium Mr. Reginald Young, Nov. hyb .— 
In this case the parents were C. Lowii and C. san- 
derianum, the latter being the pollen parent. The 
The dorsal sepal is pale yellow veined with brown. 
The widely archiDg and drooping petals are linear, 
twisted, and 6 in. to 8 in. loDg. The basal quarter 
of their length is nearly white, blotched with purple, 
and wavy at the edge, the remaining portion being 
brownish-purple. The lip is short, wide and trun¬ 
cate at the mouth, and rich shining brown. First- 
class Certificate. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. 
Laeliocattleya canhamiana Joyce Wigan, Nov. 
hyb. var. —The sepals and petals of this grand 
bigeneric hybrid are of a soft lilac with a paler 
centre. The lip is the distinguishing feature of the 
variety, being much darker in colour than the origi¬ 
nal Lc. canhamiana. The colour of the rich, crim¬ 
son-purple lamina extends far down into the tube, 
which is oraDge-crimson ; the margins are wavy and 
paler. 
Floral Committee. 
Campanula mirabilis. —The rootstock of this 
species is fleshy, like that of a Platy codon ; and the 
leaves are remarkably unlike those of any Campanula 
we have hitherto seen in cultivation. They vary 
from oblong to orbicular, with a subcordate base, 
leathery, dark green, and crenate at the margins, 
which are furnished with bristly hairs. The large, 
pale blue, bell-shaped flowers are erect and produced 
on short, cymose branches, as well as at the aptx of 
the main stem, which is about a foot high. They are 
also thinly bearded in the throat, and furnished with 
bristly hairs on the five prominent angles of the buds. 
The species is a native of the Caucasus and has 
proved hardy during the past three years at least in 
this country. First-class Certificate. Messrs. Geo. 
Jackman & Son, Woking Nurseries, Woking. 
Lilium Marham.— Judging from the flowers this 
is a close ally of L. pardalinum. The back of the 
revolute segments is orange-brown. The face is 
yellow spotted with crimson in the lower half and 
buff orange in the upper half. The flowers are of 
good substance. First-class Certificate. M, C. G. 
van Tubergen, Junr., Haarlem, Holland. 
Philadelphus Lemoinei. —The sweet-scented, 
four-petalled. white flowers of this hybrid are 
produced in great profusion just now in gardens. 
The leaves are small, ovate and numerous. Award 
of Merit. Messrs. Barr & Sons, King Street, Covent 
Garden. 
Nasturtium Queen of Tom Thumb.— The flowers 
of this variety are dark, maroon-crimson ; while the 
leaves are thickly mottled and splashed with silvery 
white. Award of Merit. Messrs. Watkins & Simpson, 
Neal Strest, Long Acre, London. 
Begonia Florence Nightingale. —The Camel¬ 
lia-shaped flowers of this tuberous variety are large, 
double and pure white. The leaves are large, dark 
