718 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
July 9, 1898. 
author says that the foreign grower sends us thousands 
upon thousands of tons of early new Potatos every 
year. He seems to give the greatest credit to the 
Scotch growers and the poorest and least to the Irish, 
strange as it may seem. The Maincrop Potato is 
one of the easiest to grow and receives the greatest 
amount of attention, but yet he declares it to be the 
least profitable of all, and attributes to it the pro¬ 
bable unsatisfactory condition of the industry. He 
also thinks that the home grower should supply the 
early Potatos, whether forced in greenhouses or 
grown out of doors, apparently basing his statements 
upoD the fact that the home grown article is of far 
superior quality to the imported. That may or may 
not be the case, but it carries little weight with 
those who are always on the outlook for the cheapest 
article. The questions of climate and cheaper 
labour, together and separately, tell in favour of the 
Continental grower. 
Amongst the remedies put forth to remedy the 
present state of matters are the sorting or grading of 
late Potatos to be put on the market; the planting 
of small but uncut sets, all of which should be 
sprouted in heat previous to planting ; that more 
care should be given, without which there can be no 
improvement; that the sets should be buried 
to the depth of 4 in., and afterwards earthed 
up moderately high ; and that culture in rows is pre¬ 
ferable to the bill or mound system for commercial 
purposes. For the earliest crops of Potatos, Peas 
are recommended to be planted alternately with the 
rows in order to protect the haulm from frost. If 
Peas are not wanted then the Potatos should be pro¬ 
tected with straw litter worked in between sticks. 
Change of seed, varieties, early, second early, and 
late Potatos are also discussed. 
May’s Practical Methods to ensure instant Relief 
and Permanent Cure of Diseases, without Drugs, 
Minerals or Doctors' Fees. Compiled by E. and 
B. May. London : F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster 
Row, E.C., and other agents, and all Booksellers. 
Price 6d. 
Communication from Barnard Castle.— Would 
the correspondent who sent us something wrapped 
up in brown paper communicate with us again ? 
Nothing reached us but the brown paper bearing the 
address, with the information from the Post Office 
authorities that it was found empty in the newspaper 
basket. 
Tomatos Diseased. — C. Click : The specimens 
you sent were very badly affected with the sleepy 
disease of Tomatos caused by a fungus named Fus- 
arium Lycopersici. The fungus enters by the roots, 
and finds its way up the stems, finally reaching the 
leaves and fruit, all of which are much damaged and 
discoloured. The centre of the stem in many cases 
is destroyed, hollow and brown, the discoloured por¬ 
tions in the interior being interlaced with very fine 
threads of the fungus. You will understand from 
these remarks that cure is impossible, seeing that the 
fungus is quite inside, and, therefore, completely 
protected from any fungicide that may be applied. 
The best plan you can adopt is to carefully dig up 
every plant affected and burn it, roots, stems, leaves 
and fruit. Dig in a quantity of quicklime in the 
spaces from which the plants have been taken. You 
may get some fruit from the plants which are still 
healthy, but all that show signs of drooping or 
flagging may be destroyed at once, as they never 
recover. The soil may be removed, and fresh 
material put in the beds, so that the young plants 
may get a healthy start. When cleaning out the old 
soil use plenty of lime for disinfecting the walls and 
other places in contact with the soil. It would 
be a good plan when making up the beds afresh to 
use as much lime as could be done without injuring 
the plants. 
Rose La France.— R. B .: For many years little 
attempt was made to separate hybrid Tea from 
hybrid perpetual Roses, so that La France could 
take or had to take its place amongst the hybrid 
perpetuals. It is, nevertheless, a hybrid Tea, and 
will now take rank as such in societies where a 
separate section is made for the reception of Roses 
of that class, which are yearly becoming more 
numerous and important. It was raised by MM. 
Guillot Fils in 1867. There are now three varieties 
of that name, the old one being only of moderately 
vigorous growth. La France de ’89 is a vigorous 
grower with long buds and large flowers. Climbing 
La France is a vigorous grower of climbing habit. 
These variations alone would indicate a hybrid 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
July bth, 1898. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Pricei, 
1. d t. d. I 1. d, i. d 
Apples ...per bushel 00 0 0 [ Pine-apples 
Cobbs . 00 00 —St. Mlohael's each 26 76 
per too lbs. I Strawberries per lb. 0 4 13 
Grapes, per ib. 16 3 6 | Cherries.per box 2 6 30 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
1. d. 1. d. 
ArtfchokesGlobe doz. 20 40 
Asparagus,per bundle 30 80 
B9ans, French, per 
per lb. 0916 
Beet.par dozen 1 0 
Brussels Sprouts 
per half sieve 10 t 6 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 20 30 
Celery.par bundle 10 16 
Cucumbers per doz. 26 36 
Endive, French, djz. 16 20 
1, d, s. d. 
Herbs .per bunch 0 a 
Horse Radish, bundle 10 20 
Lettuces ...per dozen 13 1 6 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunoh 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen to 13 
Seakale...per basket 16 20 
Small salad, punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 20 30 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 10 
Turnips ....per bun. 0 3 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
t.d. id 
Amm Lilies, 12 blms. 30 40 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 20 30 
Bouvardlas, per bun. 06 08 
Carnations doz.blms. 16 30 
Euoharls ...per doz 20 40 
Gardenias ...per doz. 16 30 
Geranium, scarlet, • 
doz. bunches 30 60 
Lllium longiflorum 
per doz. 30 40 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 09 16 
Lllac(French)perbun. 3 640 
1. d. s.d. 
Mrrguerltes, 12 bun. 16 30 
MaidenbalrFern,i2bs.4 060 
Orchids, doz. blooms 10 80 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 40 60 
Red Roses, per doz. to 16 
Roses (Indoor), doz. 06 10 
„ Tea,white, doz. 10 20 
,, Perie . 1620 
„ Safrano . 10 20 
„ (English), 
Pink Roses, doz. 26 40 
Smilax, per bunch ...20 26 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms .10 16 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
i. d. 1. d. 
ArborVltae.per doz. 12 0 36 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 o 36 0 
„ speolmen 5 0 10 0 
Coleus, per doz. 30 40 
Diaoaena, various, 
per doz. 12 o 30 o 
Dracaena viridls.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 0 18 o 
Evergreens,lnvar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 012 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 40 f 0 
Ficus elastica, each 10 50 
Foliage Plants, var., 
eaoh 10 jo 
Fuchsia, per doz....... 60 go 
Heliotrope, per dozen 4 080 
>. d. 1. d 
Hydrangeas, per doz. 8 o 10 0 
Ivy Geraniums, 
per doz. 40 60 
Lllium Harrissii, 
per pot 2040 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Lobelias, per doz.... 30 50 
Marguerite Daisy doz.4 090 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Palms in variety,each 1 0 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 o 63 o 
Pelargoniums ... 9 o 12 o 
Rhodanthe...per doz. 40 50 
Scarlets .per doz 26 60 
Spiraea, per doz.,.. 60 go 
In this we have a medical book intended for home 
use, that is, that people when unwell should them¬ 
selves apply the remedies suggested ; but that there 
is little or no reason at all why persons should be 
unwell if they take the proper precautions against 
all excesses, and what is unsuitable for them, par¬ 
ticularly in the matter of foods and drinks. This 
sounds well enough, but there are thousands of 
people in the United Kingdom who have to use food 
partly or wholly prepared by others outside their own 
families, and entirely beyond their control. Again, 
at public banquets, &c., the participants have to 
take what is presented or go famishing for a change. 
Under the diet question people are recommended 
to eat succulent ripe fruits and vegetables, which 
have the effect of cleansing the whole system. In 
the case of acidity, biliousness, &c., the patient Is 
advised to avoid certain foods, but to take plenty of 
salads, Artichokes, Dandelion, Tomatos, Celery, 
Oranges, Apples, Cherries, and all kinds of acid 
fruits. Strawberries, Bananas, Apples, Grapes, 
Watercress, &c., are recommended for Anaemia. 
Herb Tea of various kinds are prescribed for back¬ 
ache ; Blackberries and Tomatos for Bright’s 
disease; and in many other ailments to which 
human flesh is heir, garden produce of various 
kinds. 
- 
Questions add snsmeps. 
•/ Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged bv their so doing. 
Royal Horticultural Society’s Examination.— H. 
Lcdwig Jones : You will note in last week’s issue, 
p. 702, that we mentioned a number of books suit¬ 
able for the purpose of enabling gardeners to pass 
the R. H. S. examination in horticulture. What 
you will have to study chiefly is the physiology of 
plant life, that is, what functions are performed by 
different parts of plants, the nature of plant food, 
and the sources trom whence the plants obtain it. 
A study of vegetable morphology, that is, of the 
structure of plants, will enable you all the better to 
comprehend the physiology. Your knowledge of 
gardening should enable you to answer the practical 
questions. We may refer you to p. 683 of our issue 
for June 25th,where last year’s questions are printed, 
because they will give you an idea of what you are 
required to know in order to answer them. The 
date of next year’s examination will be announced 
later on ; and when you require further informa¬ 
tion we shall be pleased to assist you. In the mean¬ 
time you should get one or other of the books we 
mention and commence studying the same. 
origin. 
The Spanish Iris.— R. W. : If the Iris in question 
had been named I. hispanica, it would have been 
correct usage to translate this as the Spanish Iris; 
but it does not follow that this so-called Spanish 
Iris is I. hispanica. The English or popular name 
is given to the garden race of varieties, which have 
been raised from Iris Xiphium, the latter being the 
correct botanical name. Less frequently, Xiphium 
vulgare is used to denote this bulbous species, but 
good botanists hold all bulbous Irises as forming a 
section only of Iris proper. 
Increasing Aubrietia.— H. T .: You can raise 
seedliugs from any variety, but the chances are that 
a large percentage would not be true to name. You 
can of course, select those that come true after 
they come into flower. You can get up a stock, 
however, by means of cuttings under a bell-glass or 
handlight. Later on, when you have something to 
work upon, you can increase the same by division in 
spring or in autumn, say about the end of 
September. 
Names of Plants— P. J. G. : 1, The Marsh 
Mallow (Alihaea officinalis); 2, Alchemilla arvensis. 
—C. E. Nicholson : 1, Pyrus torminalis ; 2, Hesperis 
matronalis; 3, Anchusa italica ; 4, Hemerocallis 
flava; 5, Polygonum Bistorta: 6, Senecio Doroni- 
cum; 7, Veronica Teucrium rupestris: 8, Allium 
Moly ; 9, Iris Pseudacorus ; 10, Dactylis glomerata 
elegantissima. All were well grown.— Wm. Galloway : 
Laelia grandis tenebrosa, not the darkest, but still a 
fine evenly coloured variety.--. 4 . D. W.: Phila- 
delphus microphyllus. —Heber Woodward : r, Haben- 
aria chlorantha (the largest flowered form of the 
Butterfly Orchis) ; 2, Gymnadenia conopsea (aot 
Orchis pyramidalis); 3. 4, 5 and 6 are different 
colour varieties of Orchis maculata, which varies 
immensely from the dark and richly spotted forms 
to pure white. No. 1 is the most important.—/!. C.: 
1, Campanula pusilla; 2, Sidalcea malvaeflora; 3, 
Hemerocallis fulva variegata; 4, Geranium sylvati- 
cum ; s.Corydalis lutea ; 6, Saxifraga rotundifolia — 
H. J. : 1, Cistus ladaniferus maculatus ; 2, Deutzia 
crenata flore pleno; 3, Euonymus japonicus macu¬ 
latus ; 4. Spiraea salicifolia ; 5, Coronilla Emerus.— 
T. L. : Cattleya Mossiae var ; 2, Oncidium pulvina- 
tum ; 3, Lycaste plana; 4, Aerides odoratum ; 5, 
Oncidium pumilum ; Odontoglossum Pescatorei. 
Communications Received.—G. J. Leadbetter.— 
A. D. W.—J. Mayne—W. S.—Scotch Grower.— 
Buds, next week.—Leonard Brown.—J. L. & Sons.— 
Spencer PickeriDg.—R M.—W. J.—A. R.—E. A.— 
S. L. C.—Carolus.—Y.—Geo. Henson.—Craft.— 
Fuchsia.—C. P. 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, Surrey. 
—List of Carnations, Tree Carnations, Picotees and 
Auriculas for autumn 1898, and spring 1899. 
INDEX 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris 
Bulbs. 
c. 
Catalogues. 
Barr & Sons .705 
Bunyard & Co. 7°5 
]. Forbes. 7°7 
Kelway & Son .705 
J. Peed & Sons.707 
Simpson & Son.705 
W. Wood & Son, Ltd. ...707 
Chrysanthemums. 
Devon Nursery.705 
Ferns. 
L. Wye . 705 
Florists’ Flowers. 
R. W. Hockey.705 
T. Jannoch. 7=7 
Ketway & Son .705 
R. Owen... 7°5 
J. Peed & Sons.707 
J. Stevens . 7°5 
Flower Pots. 
Sankey & Sons, Ltd.720 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co. 7°5 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold. 705 
Corry & Co.. 7°5 
Eveson Coal & Coke Co. 705 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst. ...705 
J. & H. R. Hounam.707 
A. Outram. 7‘9 
Porter’s Stakes. 7°5 
G. H. Richards.706 
. H.G. Smyth.705 
“ Summer Cloud ".720 
Heating Apparatus. 
W. Cooper, Limited ...706 
Messenger & Co.720 
Richardson & Co.720 
Thames Bank Iron Co ...705 
Horticultural Builders. 
I. Boyd & Sons.705 
W. Cooper, Ltd.700 
J. Gray.705 
W. Riohardson &Co.720 
]. Weeks & Go., Ltd.705 
Hose. 
F. Reddaway & Co.. Ltd. 706 
Insecticides. 
Corry & Co.705 
Glshurst Compound .705 
XL All.706 
Lawn Mowers. 
A. Shanks & Son, Ltd....706 
Manures. 
Anglo-Continental .705 
C Beeson .705 
Chemical Union.705 
Clay & Son.720 
W. Colchester.720 
Lawes’. 7 ‘S 
Meggitt's. 7°5 
Standen's .72° 
W. Thomson & Sons.706 
Miscellaneous. 
Cooper’s Cycles .70S 
Corry & Co., Ltd.719 
Epps’s Cocoa.719 
Gishursttne .70s 
Juno Cycles .720 
Smyth's Baskets.705 
Netting. 
H. J. Gas son.705 
A. Potter.705 
Orchids. 
J. Cyphet .707 
P.McArthur .707 
F. Sander & Co .705 
Stanley-Mobbs & Ashtonyoj 
Publications. 
Darlington.719 
Gardening World.719 
Midland Cos'. Herald.719 
Ogilvie.719 
J. S. Virtue & Co.719 
W. Wood & Son, Ltd. ...707 
Seeds. 
Simpson & Son.705 
Sutton & Sons.705 
Webb & Sons .707 
Shows. 706 and 719 
Situations, &c. 70S 
Strawberries. 
Bunyard & Co . 707 
Laxton Bros.707 
Tents. 
A. Potter. 7°6 
TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
,706 
G. Van Tubergen .705 
