750 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
July 23, 1898. 
the collection of six dishes, and Black Grapes. 
The second awards in many of the plant classes also 
fell to him. 
Mr. W. H. Swan led for the collection of vege¬ 
tables, and Mr. J. Murdock for a collection of hardy 
fruits. 
The cottagers’ classes provided were well 
patronised, and some really good material was shown 
in them. 
Amongst the honorary exhibits appeared a fine 
group of cut hardy flowers from Mr. Deverill, of 
Banbury. 
-S- —- 
Hardening Siscellany. 
PLUMS UNDER GLASS. 
In view of the frequent failures among fruit crops on 
walls, it was frequently urged many years back, 
“ Why not put up glass houses, which would be 
cheaper than walls in which to grow Plums, &c , 
where they would not suffer so much as they fre¬ 
quently do from climatic conditions ? " They would 
also be more under command, and could be kept 
free from injury from insect pests. Even now to 
find a house some 200 ft. in length, entirely devoted 
to Plums, is somewhat of a rarity. I saw one 
recently, the trees being trained fan-fashion, about 
9 in. from the glass, in a span-roofed house, in splen¬ 
did condition, and carrying a heavy crop of fruit, 
which they never fail to do, and such fruit as is but 
seldom obtained outside.— W. B. G. 
LINARIA MACEDONICA. 
Amongst the species of Linaria, both annual and 
perennial, many of them are particularly pretty and 
interesting. L. macedonica is one of the boldest 
and strongest growing of them all, easily attaining a 
height of 3 ft. under suitable conditions. Mr. W. 
Bain, gardener to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Bur- 
ford Lodge, Dorking, considers it one of the best of 
the species of Toad-flax he has seen. It is now very 
fine with him, the stems being clothed with an abun¬ 
dance of ovate and lanceolate, glaucous leaves, and 
terminating in long spikes of large flowers. The 
upper segments of the corolla are creamy-yellow, 
but the large palate is of a rich orange. The spur 
is long, curved and more conspicuous than in many 
other species. The foliage alone makes it distinct 
from most other species with which we are 
acquainted. 
Questions add Aostoees. 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged bv their so doing. 
[' Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.] 
Yine Leaves rusted. — J. M. F. : The leaves you 
sent were not affected with any rust caused by a 
fungus; and, what is more, the red colour could 
only have been assumed sometime after the fruit was 
ripe and the leaves commenced to ripen. The lower 
surface of the leaves has got what are termed warts, 
which are small excrescences or swellings caused by 
an excessive amount of moisture in the atmosphere 
during the early stages of growth. You say that 
they have been well looked after as regards watering, 
and we do not doubt it; but, most likely, what 
happened was that during the cold and sunless early 
part of the season you kept the house very close to 
maintain the temperature at the required he ; ght, 
with the result that the atmosphere of the vinery 
was kept in a saturated condition, it might have 
been, for days together. The fact that the Vines 
carry a fair crop of well-ripened fruit shows that 
there is little the matter with them, though the pre¬ 
sence of the warts is also evidence that the Vines are 
not in the best of health. An excessive amount of 
warting would be injurious, because the foliage could 
not perform its functions properly. Next year you 
can prevent it by giving the Vines more air, so as to 
dry up the atmosphere about the middle of each day. 
Give a litile more fire-heat to maintain the requisite 
temperature while the house is open, provided the 
weather is cold and sunless. The ventilation will 
harden the foliage, thus making it able to resist 
various ailments. 
Peas Diseased.— W. B G. : You were correct in 
your surmise, and others with whom you were con¬ 
versing were also right. We should say, however, 
that thrips (Thrips pisivora) were the chief cause of 
the evil. Nearly white, pale yellow and deep yellow 
forms, that is, different stages of the insect may be 
found secreted in the buds, doing irreparable damage 
before the latter expand. The leaves were very 
much punctured, and the extent can only be seen 
after they have expanded. Green fly has also been 
at work,namely, Siphonophora Pisi.and when plenti¬ 
ful it is very harmful, crippling the buds and flowers. 
A mildew was also present. The specimens sent 
were too far advanced and too much injured for any 
remedy to be effective. Some good might be done 
by syringing with a strong solution of soft soap or 
Gishurst Compound, with the addition of some 
tobacco juice, in the very earliest stages, but the 
thrips are so sheltered in the bud that it is difficult 
to get at them. The dry weather is favouring the 
multiplication of the pest. 
Watering Bedding Plants Overhead.— Omega: 
During the present excessive dryness of the weather 
it is often necessary to water bedding plants over¬ 
head, but if you do not water after eight or nine 
o'clock in the morning till four in the afternoon no 
harm will result. We should avoid wetting them 
during the middle of the day if the sun is bright 
and hot, because some tender-leaved bedding sub¬ 
jects are liable to suffer scorching or scalding, owing 
to the excessive evaporation and radiation while the 
atmosphere is in a dry and heated condition. If you 
do the watering after four or five p.m. no harm will 
result from the practice. 
Pelargoniums not growing.— R. Andrews-. The 
dry weather is the chief cause of the slow progress 
made, and the cold weather after they were put out 
checked them greatly, thus causing great retardation 
of growth till they had been sufficiently hardened. 
Loosen the surface soil with a small hand fork, and 
mulch the trees with cocoanut fibre or partly decayed 
horse droppings so as not to be conspicuous. This 
mulching will prevent evaporation to a considerable 
extent, and enable the Pelargoniums to progress 
more rapidly. 
Soft 8oap and Green Fly.— Omega : Soft soap is 
a good thing for destroying green fly, as well as 
thrips and other vermin. The usual method of 
making it is to dissolve 8 oz. to 10 oz. of soft soap in 
a gallon of hot water. When this gets cold add 
about two-thirds of a pint of tobacco water. This 
will be strong, and it may be advisable to dilute it 
with water for tender foliage. You do not men¬ 
tion the plants you intend syringing with this in¬ 
secticide, so that you will have to use your discretion 
about the strength to be used. The addition of the 
tobacco water will make the mixture more effective, 
and the soap will make the tobacco adhere. In the 
case of tender plants they may be washed with clean 
water an hour afterwards. In the case of hard leaves 
the washing is not necessary except to make them 
look clean. If you lay a plank over the mouth of a 
tub, and stand the plants on this, the insecticide may 
be caught and used over again. 
Gooseberries dying off.— Black Watch : You do 
not mention the age or probable age of your bushes. 
It is of common occurrence for old bushes to die off 
one by one or in pieces every year, particularly in 
heavy clayey soil, as yours is. In light or poor soil 
the bushes would sooner become exhausted and 
cease to bear much fruit, though they might con¬ 
tinue to live for many years afterwards. We have 
noted their behaviour in various soils, but think that 
all things considered, a heavy or substantial loamy 
soil is the most productive. The bushes as they get 
old may get into cold, ungenial soil, and the roots 
gradually decay till they succumb. Heavy soils 
also become inert after being left undisturbed, except 
on the surface, for years. Under these circumstances 
we consider it a good plan always to be growing on 
young bushes from cuttings of the best sorts. 
This could be done in the reserve garden or in some 
out of the way border, so as to be at hand when 
planted. The gaps might be filled up after trench¬ 
ing up the soil and manuring it. This, however, is 
only a temporary make shift. A piece of ground 
may be trenched and well manured in another part 
of the garden, and some rows of young bushes 
planted. This might be continued the following and 
succeeding years, planting as many rows as you like 
either at once or in after years according to neces¬ 
sity. When the young plantation is well into bear¬ 
ing the old may be rooted up. See that the drain¬ 
age is good. 
Names of Plants— M. W.: 1, Anchusa italica; 
2, Valeriana officinalis.— D. W. D. : 17, Iris virginica 
var. A bud of the specimen you sent expanded after 
being put into water, showing the plant to be a very 
pale variety of I. virginica.— Omega ; The Tawny 
Day Lily (Hemerocallis fulva).— R. M.: 1, Thalic- 
trum glaucum ; 2, Thalictrum angustifolium; 3, 
Althaea officinalis; 4, Malope trifida; 5, Veronica 
Teucrium latifolia; 6, Lychnis chalcedonica.— 
W. B.: 1, Corydalis lutea ; 2, Spiraea palmata ; 3, 
Potentilla argyrophylla; 4, Daboecia polifolia ; 5, 
Lilium Martagon ; 6, Liltum candidum.— A. G. : 1, 
Oncidium maculatum ; 2, Oncidium sphacelatum ; 
3, Dendrobium pulchellum ; 4, Oncidium 
longipes; 5, Begonia glaucophylla splendens.— 
H. C .: 1, Taxus adpressa; 2, Diervilla rosea; 3, 
Pemettya mucronata var - A. J. L. \ x, Geranium 
sanguineum; 2, Kerria japonica flore pleno; 1, Rosa 
rugosa rubra ; 4, Elaeagnus pungens variegata. 
Communications Received.—W. B. Hartland.— 
J. Veitch & Sons, Ltd.—H. C. P.—Wm. Garten, 
Junr.— C. Bray.—James Douglas.—John Forbes.— 
Omega.—Darlington & Co.—H. H.—Tyro.—A. G. 
—F. H.—Allan—T. Read.—W. G.—J. H.—A. 
West.—R. G.—X. 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Herd Bros., Seed and Bulb Merchants, Penrith. 
—Dutch Bulb List. 
Laxton Brothers, Bedford. — Catalogue of 
Laxtons’ Strawberries and Small Fruits. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
July 14th, 1898. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Priori. 
t. d 1. d. 
Apples ...per bushel 00 00 
Cobbs . 0 4D 00 
per 100 lbs. 
Grapes, per ib. 16 36 
Pine-apples 
—St Miohael’s each a 6 76 
Strawberries per lb. 0 4 13 
Black Currants, per 
half sieve 6 6 
>. d, s. A. 
Red Currants, per 
halt sieve 5 0 
Cherries, per half 
sieve 40 96 
Raspberrles.per cwt. 40 o 
Ripe Gooseberries, 
per half sieve 26 30 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
t. d. 1. d. 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 20 40 
Asparagus,per bundle 30 80 
Beans, French, per 
per ib. 0916 
Beet.per dozen 1 0 
Brussels Sprouts 
per half sieve 10 16 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 20 30 
Celery.per bundle 10 16 
Cucumbers per doz. 26 36 
Endive, French, doz. 16 20 
1. d. s. A. 
Herbs .per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 10 20 
Lettuces ...per dozen 13 16 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunoh 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen 10 13 
Seakale...per basket 1620 
Small salad, pnnnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 20 30 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 10 
Turnips ,...per bun. 0 3 
Ainm Lilies, 12 blms. 3 0 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 2 0 
Bouvardlas, per bnn. 0 6 
Carnations doz.blms. 1 0 
„ doz. bun. 4 o 
Encharis ...per doz 2 o 
Gardenias ...per doz. 1 o 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 30 60 
Lilium longlflorum 
per doz. 30 40 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 10 20 
Mprguerltes, 12 bun. 16 30 
s. A. s.A. 
MaidenhalrFern,i2bs.4 060 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 16 30 
Oroblds, doz. blooms 10 80 
Pelargoniums, 12 bun. 30 60 
Red Roses, per doz. to r 0 
Roses (Indoor), doz. 06 10 
,, Tea,white, doz. 10 00 
„ Perle ......... 10 20 
,, Safrano . 10 20 
„ (English), 
Pink Roses, doz. 16 30 
Smilax, per bunch ...16 20 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms.10 16 
Wholbsalb Prices. 
Plahts in Pots.—Average 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1 .A. s.A 
4 o 
3 0 
0 8 
3 0 
8 o 
4 0 
3 0 
>. d. 1. d. 
AiborVItae.per doz. 12 0 36 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 0 
„ speolmen 5 0 10 0 
Calceolarias, per doz. 40 6 c 
Coleus, per doz. 30 0 
Diaoaena, various, 
per doz. 12 o 30 0 
Dracaena vlrldls.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 0 18 o 
EvBrgreens.lnvar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Feros, invar.,per doz. 4 012 0 
Ferns, small, per roo 40 60 
Ficus elastica, each 1050 
Foliage Plants, var., 
eaoh 10 50 
Fuchsia, per doz. 50 80 
Heliotrope, per dozen 4 060 
I. A. i.d 
Hydrangeas, per doz. 8 o 10 0 
Ivy Geraniums, 
per doz. 40 60 
Lilium Harrissii, 
per pot 16 20 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Lobelias, per doz.... 30 50 
Marguerite Daisy doz.4 090 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Myrtles, doz. 60 go 
Palms in variety,each 1 o 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...2t 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums ... 9 o 12 o 
Rhodanthe...per doz. 40 50 
Scarlets .per doz 26 60 
Spiraea, per doz.... 60 90 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Bulbs. 
C. G. Van Tubergen .737 
Catalogues. 
Barr & Sons .737 
Bunyard & Co. 737 
J. Forbes.739 
Kelway & Son .737 
J. Peed & Sons.739 
Simpson & Son.737 
W. Wood & Son, Ltd. ...739 
Chrysanthemums. 
Devon Nursery.737 
Florists’ Flowers. 
T. Jannoch.739 
Kelway & Son .737 
R. Owen.737 
J. Peed & Sons.739 
J. Stevens .737 
Flower Pots. 
Sankey & Sons,Ltd.752 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co.737 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold.737 
Corry & Co.737 
Eveson Coal & Coke Co. 737 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst. ...739 
A. Outram.751 
Porter’s Stakes.738 
G. H. Richards.738 
H. G. Suiyth. 737 
Heating Apparatus. 
W. Cooper, Limited ...738 
Richardson & Co.752 ' 
Thames Bank Iron Co .. 737 
Horticultural Builders. 
I. Boyd & Sons.737 
W. Cooper, Ltd.738 
J. Gray. 737 
W. Richardson &Cc..752 
]. Weeks & Do., Ltd. ... 737 
Hose. 
F. Reddaway & Co.. Ltd. 738 
Insecticides. 
Corry & Co.737 
Gishurst Compound .737 
XL All.738 
Lawn Mowers. 
A Shanks & Son, Ltd....738 
Manures. 
Anglo-Continental .737 
C. Beeson . 737 
Chemical Union.737 
Clay & Son.752 
Meggitt’s. 
Standens’ . 
W. Thomson & Sons 
Miscellaneous. 
Corry & Co., Ltd. 
.752 
Frosteen . 
Gishursttne . 
Juno Cycles . 
Smyth’s Baskets. 
Netting. 
H. J. Gasson. 
.737 
A. Potter. 
Orchids. 
J. Cypher . 
P.McArthur . 
.739 
F. Sander & Co . 
.737 
Stanley-Mobbs & Ashton737 
Publications. 
Darlington. 
.751 
Gardening World.. 
.751 
Midland Cos’. Herald 
Ogilvie. 
.751 
I. S. Virtue & Co . 
.751 
W. Wood & Son, Ltd. ...739 
Seeds 
Simpson & Son. 
Sutton & Sons. 
Webb <ft Sons . 
Shows 
751 
Strawberries. 
Bunyard •& Co. 
Laxton Bros. 
Tents. 
A, Potter.738 
