September 3, 1898. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
15 
the worse for their loss, but they present a marked 
contrast to my other plants, which have their stems 
clothed with leaves nearly down to the pots. Have 
any of your readers had a similar experience with 
their plants of Madame Carnot ? I should be glad 
if you could assign a reason for the above.— 'Mum. 
Chrysanthemum Madame Carnot seems particu¬ 
larly addicted to dropping its lower leaves, and every 
one of the plants we have seen of it has displayed the 
tendency to a considerable extent, without, however, 
the plants appearing to suffer in health. The 
experience of our correspondent would appear, there¬ 
fore, to be quite a common one amongst ’Mum 
growers, 
— 
Questions add m$uj6rs. 
Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged bv their so doing. 
[ Correspondents , please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.] 
Species or Kinds of Fruit.— A. H. : According to 
the wording of the schedule, not more than .two 
varieties of any kind of fruit were permissible in the 
collection. We should also understand that species 
and kind were made synonymous by the wording of 
the schedule. If you had shown only the two varie¬ 
ties of Peaches and something else instead of 
Nectarines ; or if you had shown a dish of Peaches 
and a dish of Nectarines you would have been safe. 
On the contrary you showed two dishes of Peaches 
and one dish of Nectarines, thus making three 
varieties of Peaches, that is, three varieties of 
Prunus Persica, the Nectarine being only a smooth 
fruited variety of Peach. In garden language so 
much importance is placed upon the value of 
Nectarines that their close relationship to Peaches is 
liable to be overlooked. The word kind is consider¬ 
ably higher in the scale of classification than variety. 
Species is higher in the scale than variety, and the 
word kind ought to be made synonymous with genus ; 
but as a rule it is held to be equivalent to species in 
garden usage. There is no rule without exception, 
however, as black and white Grapes for exhibition 
purposes are regarded as distinct kinds of fruit, not¬ 
withstanding the fact that they are varieties of Vitis 
vinifera. In like manner Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, 
Cabbage, Red Cabbage, and Savoys are generally 
regarded as distinct kinds, though all of them are 
merely varieties of Brassica oleracea. We do not 
blame you for the mistake, for until a fixed law is 
laid down and universally adopted by all societies, 
mistakes or misconceptions are sure to arise. 
Quantity of Gravel a Barge Holds — Harry 
Edwards: If barges were all made of one size we 
could tell you exactly not, perhaps, how much could 
be put into it, but how much it is registered to carry. 
On the contrary the barges on the Thames are of 
various sizes and shapes. We are informed that 
they carry from 50 tons to 100 tons,according to size. 
A small barge would carry from 36 tons to 40 tons. 
There used to be a small barge known amongst the 
watermen as a “lug" or “lugge," which was 
registered to carry 25 tons, but it is now obsolete or 
seldom, if ever seen, on the Thames. A " monkey 
boat,” which is a small barge suitable for use on 
certain narrow parts of the canals that are tunnelled 
in parts and have a low arch, would carry about 20 
tons to 40 tons. 
The Time to cut around Chrysanthemums.— 
Omega : We should say that a fortnight before you 
intend lifting them would be quite time enough to 
cut round the roots of plants in the open ground with 
the spade. During that time they will have begun 
to push out small fibrous roots again, so that they 
would suffer little or no check in the process of lift¬ 
ing and potting. You will have to be guided by the 
size of the plants as to the distance from the stem 
that the roots may be cut. Calculate the size of the 
pot that each plant will require, and that will guide 
you as to the size of ball you should lift with each. 
For this method of dealing with Chrysanthemums, 
larger pots than usual are necessary to hold the 
plants, than those in which they could have been 
grown all the season. 
Roses on their own Roots.— Omega-. Tea and 
Noisette Roses are generally very easy to root in¬ 
serted in pots of sand, or sandy soil, and placed in a 
greenhouse or pit where the temperature is very 
moderate. Should you want to hasten them, then 
you should plant in a hot-bed, or better in pots 
plunged in the soil or fibre of the bed, where the 
bottom heat is kept at 70°, with a considerably lower 
degree in the body of the house. The plants will be 
better, however, if slowly rooted in a cool house. 
The varieties you mention, namely W. A. Richard¬ 
son, Catherine Mermet and Marie Van Houtte, root 
fretly from cuttings and do well on their own roots. 
It will assist them if you dew them over with the 
syringe every morning and afternoon, besides keep¬ 
ing the soil moderately and constantly moist. 
Gaillardias and Mimulua.— Market Gardener : In 
well drained soil, and not too heavy, Gaillardias 
prove quite hardy, so that it is unnecessary to lift 
them with the view of putting them into a cold 
frame during winter. The best plan would be to 
leave them undisturbed where they are till spring, 
when you can lift and divide them if you like, say in 
March. You can also take cuttings in summer and 
root them under hand lights or bell-glasses in very 
sandy soil in pots. Mimulus cardinalis is likewise 
hardy, and may be propagated in quantity either 
from seeds, cuttings, or division, the latter in spring. 
Names of Fruits.— J. F.: Pears—1, Williams’ 
Bon Chretien ; 2, Josephine de Malines ; 3, Fondante 
d'Automne ; 4, Williams’ Bon Chretien ; 5, Huyshes 
Victoria ; 6, Souvenir du Congres ; 7, Chaumontel; 
8, Beurre Hardy; 9, Beurre Capiaumont; 10, Jersey 
Gratioli. 
Names of Plants.— Shrub: 1, Taxus baccata ad- 
pressa; 2, Cupressus lawsoniana; 3, Retinospora 
pisifera plumosa ; 4, Retinospora squarrosa ; 5, Taxus 
baccata variegata : 6, Cupressus sphaeroidea.— R. L.: 
1, Phygelia capensis; 2, Pentstemon barbatus; 3, 
Helianthus multiflorus plenus ; 4, Aconitum variega- 
tum ; 5, Veronica incana.— J. H. : 1, Cattleya War- 
scewiczii (commonly known as C. gigas), a good 
average variety of it; 2, Cypripedium Godefroyae ; 
3, Oncidium macranthum.— G. H. : 1, Abelia chinen- 
sis ; 2, Veronica Andersoni variegata ; 3, Veronica 
salicifolia; 4, Azara microphylla; 5, Ceanothus 
Gloire de Versailles; 6, Clematis Vitalba.— Box: 
Sweet Alyssum (Alyssum maritimum).— E. C. H. D.: 
1, Galium Mollugo ; 2, Atriplex patula var. hastata ; 
3, Foeniculum vulgare, or Common Fennel. 
Communications Received.—Arthur Pentney.— 
G. F.—John and E. Bumpus, Ltd.—Kitchen Gar¬ 
dener.—W. T.—Harrison D.—W. Colchester.—Geo. 
Russell.—Patterson.—W. W.—Alexander Lister.— 
Barr & Sons.—W. Swan. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Albert F. Upstone, F.R.H.S., 35, Church Street, 
and Market Place, Rotherham.—My Guide to all 
Lovers of Flowering Bulbs. 
Barr & Sons, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent 
Garden.—Barr’s Gold Medal Daffodils; also Barr’s 
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocuses, Gladioli, &c. 
Laing & Mather, Kelso-on-Tweed, N.B.—Carna¬ 
tions. 
Toogood & Sons, The Royal Seedsmen, South¬ 
ampton.—Toogood’s Bulbs and Roots. 
R. H. Bath, Ltd , Bulb Farms, Wisbech, Cambs. 
—Catalogue of Choice Bulbs; also Carnations, 
Roses and Lilies. 
Alexander Cross & Sons, Limited, 19, Hope 
Street, Glasgow.—Choice Bulbs for Spring Flower¬ 
ing. 
Dobbie & Co., Rothesay, Scotland, and Orpington, 
Kent. — Catalogue of Bulbs and Plants for Autumn 
Planting. 
W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee and Cupar Fife. 
—Bulb List for 1898. 
Fotheringham & King, Corn Exchange, Dum¬ 
fries, N.B—Dutch Bulbs and Flower Roots. 
FIXTURES FOR 1898- 
September. 
6.—Royal Hort. Society’s Committees. 
6. —National Chrysanthemum Society, at Royal 
Aquarium (3 days). 
7. — Derby Show (2 days). 
7. —Glasgow and West of Scotland Show (2 days). 
8. —Brentwood Show. 
9. —Bildeston Show. 
14. —Royal^Cal. Hort. Society (2 days). 
20.—Royal Hort. Society’s Committees. 
2t.—Cheltenham Show. 
29.—R.H.S. Fruit Show at the Crystal Palace (3 
days). 
October. 
11.—R.H.S. Committees and Lecture. 
25.—R.H.S. Committees and Lecture. 
November. 
1.—Truro Chrysanthemum and Fruit Show (2 
days). 
1. —Stratford-on-Avon Show (2 days). 
1.—Boro’ of Croydon Chrysanthemum Snow (2 
days). 
1. —Kingston and Surbiton Chrysanthemum Show 
(2 days). 
2. —Wolverhampton Chrysanthemum Show (2 
days). 
3. —West of England Chrysanthemum Show (2 
days). 
3.—Devon and Exeter Fruit and Chrysanthemum 
Show (2 days). 
3.—Maidenhead Chrysanthemum Show (2 days). 
7. —Sevenoaks and West' Kent Chrysanthemum 
Show (2 days). 
8. —R.H.S. Committees, with Floral and Botanical 
Demonstration at the Drill Hall. 
8.—Highgate Chrysanthemum Show (3 days). 
11.—Huddersfield and District Chrysanthemum 
Show (2 days). 
11.—Altrincham, Bowdon, Sale and District Chry¬ 
santhemum Show (2 days). 
15. —Folkestone & District Chrysanthemum Show (2 
day s). 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
August 31 st, 1898. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Frick. 
1. d j d . 
Apples ...per bushel 30 70 
Filberts .50 0 00 
per 100 lbs. 
Grapes, per ib. 08 16 
Pine-apples 
—St. Mlobael’s each a 6 76 
Strawberries per lb, 
Black Currants, per 
half sieve 00 00 
8. d. 8. d. 
Red Currants, per 0 a 00 
halt sieve 
Cherries, per half 
sieve 00 00 
Raspberries,per cwt. 50 o 
Ripe Gooseberries, 
per halt sieve 13 16 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
1. d. 1. d. 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 20 40 
Asparagus,per bundle 3080 
Beans, French, per 
per lb. 0916 
Beet.. per dozen 1 0 
Brussels Sprouts 
per half sieve 10 16 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 20 30 
Celery.per bundle 10 16 
Cucumbers per doz. 26 36 
Endive, French, daz. 16 20 
8. d. s. d. 
Herbs .per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 10 20 
Lettuces ...per dozen 13 1 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunob 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozeu 10 13 
Seakale...per basket 16 20 
Small salad, punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 20 30 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 10 
Turnips ....per bun. 0 3 
Aium Lilies, 12 blms. 3 0 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 2 o 
Bouvardlas, per bun. 0 6 
Carnations doz.blms. 1 o 
„ doz. bun. 4 o 
Euoharis ...per doz 2 o 
Gardenias ...per doz. 1 o 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 30 60 
Llllnm longlflorum 
per doz. 30 40 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 10 20 
Mfrguerltes, 12 bnn. 16 30 
s. d. 8. d. 
MaidenhalrFern,i2bs.4 060 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 16 30 
Orotuds, doz. blooms 10 80 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 30 60 
Red Roses, per doz. to to 
Roses (indoor), doz. 06 10 
,, Tea,white, doz. 10 20 
11 Perle . 10 20 
,, Safrano . 102 
„ (English), 
Pink Roses, doz. 10 20 
Smilax, per bunch ... t 6 20 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms.06 10 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
t.d. s.d. 
4 ° 
3 0 
0 8 
3 0 
8 0 
4 ° 
3 0 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
t. d. 1. d. 
ArborVltae.per doz. 12 0 36 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 0 
„ speoimen 5 0 10 0 
Calceolarias, per doz. 40 6 c 
Coleus, per doz. 30 0 
Dracaena, various, 
per doz. 12 0 30 0 
Dracaena vlrldts,doz. 90180 
Euonymus, var. doz. b 0 18 o 
Evergreens,lnvar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 012 0 
Ferns, small, per roo 40 f 0 
Ficus elastlca, each 10 50 
Foliage Plants, var., 
eaoh 10 30 
Fuchsia, per doz. 50 80 
Heliotrope, per dozen 4 0 60 
1. d. 1. d. 
Hydrangeas, per doz. 8 o 10 0 
Ivy Geraniums, 
per doz. 40 60 
Lilium Harrissii, 
per pot 16 20 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Lobelias, per doz.... 30 50 
Marguerite Daisy doz.4 090 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Myrtles, doz. 60 go 
Palms in variety,each 1 0 13 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums ... 8 0 10 o 
Rhodanthe...per doz. 3040 
Scarlets .per doz 30 40 
Spiraea, per doz..„ 60 90 
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