222 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
December 3, 1898. 
exhibit of cut Chrysanthemums, but the flowers 
although bright were small. (Silver Banksian 
Medal.) 
The table of cut Chrysanthemums contributed by 
Mr. W. Wells, Earls wood Nurseries, Redhill, Surrey, 
included, as a special feature, twelve superb blooms 
of the Australian variety, Miss Nellie Pockett. There 
were also capital samples of Mr. T. Carrington, 
President Bevan, John Pockett and Chatsworth 
amongst the novelties. (Silver Banksian Medal ) 
Mr. W. Melville, gardener to F. W. Flight, Esq., 
Cornstiles, staged four dozen very fine incurved 
blooms, of which the best samples were Ma Perfec¬ 
tion, Major Bonnaffon, C. H. Curtis, Lord Rose¬ 
bery, Mme. Ferlat, C. B. Whitnall and Topaz 
Orientale. All the flowers were large, of good form 
and excellent colour, and constituted one of the best 
stands of incurves that we have seen this season. 
(Silver Banksian Medal.) 
A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded to Mr. C. 
J. Salter, gardener to T. B. Haywood, Esq., Wood- 
hatch Lodge, Reigate, for three dozen fine Japanese 
flowers in nearly as many varieties. Mme. Carnot, 
Golden Gate, General Roberts, Julia Scaramanga, 
Miss Nellie Pockett and Lady Hanham were repre¬ 
sented by first-rate samples. 
Upwards of eight dozen show'Japanese and in¬ 
curved Chrysanthemums were contributed by Mr. 
W. J. Godfrey, Exmouth, Devon, most of which were 
novelties or comparatively new varieties. M. 
Talzer, Lord Coleridge, G. J. Warren, and Mdlle. 
Lucie Faure were the premier samples. 
An exceedingly praiseworthy exhibit of cut blooms 
of novelties was made by Mr. H. Weeks, The 
Gardens, Thrumpton Hall, Derby. Many of the 
varieties shown have recently attained to certificate 
honours. Of these were Mrs. W. Cursham, Henry 
Weeks, Edith Dashwood, Mrs. Barkley, and Emily 
' Towers, which were here shown in splendid con¬ 
dition. 
The work of the fruit and vegetable committee was 
of the lighter kind, only a few stray dishes of Apples 
being submitted, besides the dozen bulbs of Onion 
Ne Plus Ultra, sent by Mr. Lewis Dunbar, Heath 
Park Nursery, Hemel Hempstead. 
OBITUARY. 
Mr. Wm. Colchester, J.P.—We recently an- 
anounced the death of this eminent man at the 
advanced age of eighty-five, and seeing that the rise 
and progress of scientific farming and manuring were 
very largely due to him, and that the British farmers, 
and indeed the farmers of the world, have then so 
much to thank him for, a few particulars of Mr. 
Colchester’s life history cannot fail to be of interest 
to many of our readers. The deceased was the 
eldest son of Mr. Benjamin Colchester. Educated 
at the London University, he was at first intended 
for an architect, and with that end in view he 
travelled extensively in Italy, Russia, and other parts 
of the Continent. On his return to this country he 
went into business at Ipswich as an importer of tim¬ 
ber and developed into a large shipowner. Ever 
alive to the possibilities of developing the natural 
resources of his own neighbourhood, he made great 
efforts to get the Orwell at Ipswich utilised as an 
oyster fishery, and spat was actually laid down, 
although owing to dissension between the freemen 
and owners it was dredged up. In company with 
Professor Prestwich the stores of Suffolk Coprolite 
were exploited to the great benefit of farmers gener¬ 
ally. This Drought Mr. Colchester into touch with 
Mr., now Sir John Bennett, Lawes, and the Lawes' 
Chemical Company was formed, of which company 
Mr. Colchester was for many years the energetic 
chairman. Huge works for the crushing of the cop- 
rolites were erected at Ipswich, and at one 
time as many as fourteen steamers aud sailing 
vessels have been waiting their turn to load 
in the Cliff Docks. In addition to the develop¬ 
ment of chemical manures, the energy of the 
man found outlet in other useful directions, for the 
Manganese Bronze Company was one of his children. 
He was also a Fellow of the Geological Society and 
a J.P. Twelve years ago the deceased purchased 
Burwell Hall, Cambridge, and rebuilt the house 
much on the same lines as Springfield Hall, Ipswich, 
till then his residence. It was thus at Cambridge 
that his last days were spent, and here, too, that his 
wife [nee, Miss Kate Bright), preceded him to the 
land of the unknown by about three years. Although 
his illness was a long and painful one his end was 
peaceful. He was interred at St. Mary’s, Burwell, 
on the 19th ult. 
-- «B» — 
Burning Tree Stump.—The following description of 
methods of getting rid of tree stumps by burning, 
and without the troublesome and expensive grubbing, 
lately appeared in The Farmer's Gazette: —“ With a 
2-in. augur bore a vertical hole in the centre of the 
stump from the top towards the bottom. In the side 
of the stump near the ground level bore a horizontal 
hole towards the centre so as to open into the 
bottom of the vertical hole. Drop some fire down 
the vertical hole, and the draught of air rushing in 
by the horizontal hole will, like the draught of a 
chimney, maintain the fire in the centre which 
slowly spreads and ultimately burns away the stump. 
Another method :—In autumn, bore a hole 2 in. in 
diameter and 18 in. in depth, put in 1$ ozs. of salt¬ 
petre, fill with water, and plug up close. During the 
following spring put in the same hole half a gill of 
kerosene oil, and then light. The stump will smoulder 
away, without blazing, down to every part of the 
roots. 
- . 1 -- 
QOmiOBS ADD AD31DGR& 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
[ Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.] 
Stanhopea oculata.— J. Malcolm : The specimen 
you sent duly arrived, but left us no time to examine 
it before going from home, as you may remember 
happened last year. It is a good average variety of 
its kind, but not sufficiently distinct to warrant any 
varietal name. It is well worth retention in a col¬ 
lection, however, and we congratulate you on 
flowering it so regularly, that is, at the same period 
of the season in two successive years. 
Storing Turnips. — A. L. : The best plan would be 
to let them remain where they are, so long as the 
weather remains mild or open, and then lift them 
when cold weather threatens to set in. It is un¬ 
necessary to put them in a shed or any other house, 
because they will keep more fresh and sweet in the 
open. Merely take off the tops and the tap roots 
and pile them in a neat heap where you can cover 
them with a thin layer of earth. Sometimes they 
are covered with straw and then soil; but the latter 
is quite sufficient without other material. They can 
remain out till spring if so desired ; for the thin layer 
of soil will be sufficient to prevent rapid changes of 
temperature or sudden thawing which often ruins 
Turnips left in the lines during frost and snow. Pro¬ 
vided the ground will be required before the Turnips 
are likely to be used, you can provide against that by 
storing them upon a piece of waste ground or even 
in the soil yard. 
ShowingCryaanthemums in Yasea. — A. Johnson : 
We have never seen wires used as collars for 
supporting the blooms of Chrysanthemums in com¬ 
petitive classes, and should say that if they were 
used it would render them liable to disqualification. 
In any case it would not be a point in their 
favour. If the stems are not sufficiently strong 
in themselves to support the heads, a stake 
may be tied to them to strengthen the same. The 
blooms themselves should be allowed to hang in 
their natural position ; and this is as it should be. 
The florets of the blooms under these conditions can 
maintain their natural direction, whereas on the 
show boards they are more or less forced to assume 
unnatural positions. Every effort should therefore 
be taken to maintain the natural forms of the blooms 
in vases. 
Growing Yiolets for Winter Flowering — Violets : 
For one double and two single blue varieties we 
should select Marie Louise, the freest flowering and 
most easily grown of the doubles; and The Czar and 
Princess of Wales for the single blue sorts. The 
latter is the best of the large-flowered and long- 
stalked new varieties of recent introduction. It is 
quite necessary to get young plants each year for 
flowering in frames during the winter. To get them 
you must select the young rooted runners in April 
and May. The old stools may also be carefully 
divided into single crowns with a knife, taking care 
that all the crowns retained are young, healthy, and 
capable of making good growth during summer. 
The oil crowns with thick rootstocks should be 
thrown away. Select a piece of good, rich ground, 
fully exposed, and not under the shade of anything. 
Dress it with leaf soil and old mushroom bed manure, 
dig it well, and plant the crowns with a trowel, 9 in. 
from plant to plant in the row, and 12 in. to := in. 
from row to row. Give an occasional watering 
during the early part of the season if the weather be 
dry, and keep the surface hoed to aerate the soil and 
keep down weeds during the summer. Watering or 
syringing in the afternoon or evening will assist them 
greatly and help to keep down red spider. About 
the middle or end of September, lift the best of them 
to plant in the frames. The latter should have a 
shallow hot-bed of manure made up, so that when 
the soil is placed over the manure, the foliage of the 
plants will be close to the glass without touching it. 
The crowns should be put in so thickly as to cover 
the soil without crowding one another. Any 
ordinary fibrous, mellow loam will be good enough, 
and 6 in. of it should be put over the hot-bed. 
Close up the frames for a week after planting, then 
give air freely on all favourable occasions during 
winter. We have not heard of the Clevedon Violets, 
but suspect the name to be local. You should have 
no difficulty with the above in Monmouthshire. 
Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society — 
Sobralia : You would be eligible for election as a 
Fellow, for the simple reason that you are interested 
in horticulture. Forms for the proposing of new 
Fellows may be obtained from the Secretary, Royal 
Horticultural Society, 117, Victoria Street, West¬ 
minster, London, by application. You will require 
to get two Fellows of the society to propose you by 
signing the form of application that will be sent you. 
Tne terms are four guineas, two guineas, and one 
guinea, according to your desire. The higher fees 
simply carry more benefits than the one guinea 
fellowship. A bona fide gardener, or employe in a 
nursery, private, or market garden, or seed establish¬ 
ment may become an Associate of the society by sub¬ 
scribing 10s. 6d. a year, after he has been proposed 
by two Fellows and elected. 
Names of Plants.— A. L.: 1, Alocasiasanderiana ; 
2, Goody era discolor; 3, Sanchezia nobilis variegata; 
4, Choisya ternata.— J. Maxwell: 1, Poly podium 
plesiosorum, often grown in gardens under the name 
of Goniophlebium appendiculatum. It has also 
several other synonyms. — J. B.: 1, Cestrum 
aurantiacum; 2, Libonia floribunda; 3, Gymno- 
gramme schizophylla ; 4, Davallia Tyermanni.— A .D. 
J.: 1, Solanum venustum; 2, Habrothamnus 
elegans. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Dicksons & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.— 
Select Catalogue of Fruit Trees. 
Fisher, Son & Sibray, Ltd., Royal Nurseries 
Handsworth, near Sheffield.—Catalogue of Fruit, 
Rose, Forest and Ornamental Tree, Deciduous, 
Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, &c. 
Letellier Fils & Ccr, Caen (Calvados), France. 
—Catalogue of Roses, Forest Trees, and Ornamental 
Trees ana Shrubs. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
1 
November 30 th, 1898. 
Apples ...per bushel 2 6 
Cobs .50 0 52 6 
Grapes, per ib. 08 16 
Pme-apples 
—St Mlohael’s each 26 76 
Strawberries per lb. 
Black Currants, per 
half sieve 00 00 
s. d. s. d. 
Red Currants, per 00 00 
halt sieve 
Cherries, per half 
sieve 00 00 
Raspberries.per cwt. 00 00 
Ripe Gooseberries, 
per halt sieve 00 00 
Fecit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1, rf. i. d. 
6 0 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
1, d. 1. d. 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 20 40 
Asparagus,per bundle 30 80 
Beans, French, per 
per ib. 0916 
Beet.. per dozen 1 0 
Brussels Sprouts 
per half sieve 10 16 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 20 30 
Celery.per bundle 10 16 
Cucumbers per doz. 26 36 
Endive, French, djz. 16 20 
s. d. s. d. 
Herbs .per bnnch 0 2 
Horse Radlsb, bundle to 20 
Lettuces ...per dozen 13 16 
Mnshrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bnnch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bnnch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen 10 13 
Seakale...per basket 16 20 
Small salad, punnet o 4 
Spinach per bushel 20 30 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 10 
Turnips ....per bun. 0 3 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1. d. s. i. 
Atom Lilies, 19 blms. 30 40 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 2 030 
Bonvardlas, per bun. 06 08 
Carnations doz.blms. 10 20 
,, doz. bun. 40 80 
Enoharls ...per doz 3040 
Gardenias ...per doz 10 20 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 40 60 
Llllum longlflorcm 
per doz. 40 50 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 10 20 
Mrrguetltes, 12 bun. 1630 
s. d. s. d. 
Vfaidenha!rFern,i2bs.4 060 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 16 30 
OroUlds, doz. blooms 10 80 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 30 60 
Red Roses, per doz. 10 10 
Roses (indoor), doz. 06 10 
,, Tea,white, doz. 10 20 
,, Perle . 10 20 
,, Safrano . 10 20 
„ (English), 
Pink Roses, doz. 10 2 o 
Smllax, per bunch ...16 20 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms.04 06 
Plants m Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
>, d. ». d 
ArborVltae.per doz. 12 0 36 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 0 
„ specimen 5 0 10 0 
Dtaoaena, various, 
per doz. 12 o 30 0 
Dracaena vlrldls.doz. 90180 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 0 18 o 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 0 24 c 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 012 o 
Ferns, small, per too 40 f r 
Ficus elastica, each 10 50 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 10 50 
». d. 1. d. 
Ivy Geraniums, 
per doz. 40 60 
Llllum Harrissii, 
per pot 1620 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Marguerite Daisy doz.4 o y 0 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Palms in variety,each 1 o 15 o 
Palms, Spaclmen ...21 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums ... 8 0 10 o 
Scarlets per doz. 30 40 
