April 8, 1899. 
HE GARDENING WORLD 
stems, so that the flowers require no tyiDg or wiring 
when cut. Milo is a yellow ground Carnation, having 
light lilac edges and lines extending on to the pale 
yellow ground. Harry Dickson is a large flower, 
flaked and mottled with red. Cecil Rose is a 
Picotee with a rose edge to a pure white ground. 
Lord Nelson is a fragrant flower of the same type 
as Uriah Pike, but it succeeds better in the open 
border than the latter variety, in this northern 
district at least. All of the above were raised as 
seedlings by Messrs. A Lister & Son, a fact which 
should indicate with what diligence they apply 
themselves to the raising of Carnations, as well as 
other florists’ flowers, suitable for the open border. 
©Icattimjs fttmt ffte JDmrli) 
of Skii'tue. 
Fertilisation of Araujia albens.—At a meeting 
of the Linnean Society of London, on March 16th, 
Dr. John Lowe, F.L.S., communicated some obser¬ 
vations on the fertilisation of Araujia albens, G. Don, 
a Brazilian climber, which in the South of England 
grows in the open air. Last summer it was bloom¬ 
ing freely in Lord Ilchester’s garden at Abbotsbury’ 
Castle, Abbotsbury, Dorsetshire, where the flowers 
were visited by numbers of butterflies, diurnal moths, 
humble-bees, wasps, and large flies, many of which 
were captured and imprisoned for a time in the 
pinching-bodies (Kletnm-korper of Muller). All these 
insects, with the exception of some humble-bees in 
their visits to the nectar left their proboscis behind, 
and sometimes a leg, being not strong enough to 
detach the pinching-body. Dr. Lowe described the 
structure of the pinching-bodies, which are flat, horny 
plates, situated above the nectar-cups, at each aDgle 
of a 5-sided hollow cone in the centre of the flower, 
in which is placed the stigma. There is only asmall 
opening at the apex and a narrow slit at the base of 
each facet of the cone. To the upper poiot of the 
pinching-body the pollinia are attached. When an 
insect has its proboscis caught in the slit, which 
narrows always to its point, it can only escape by 
tearing away the body with its pollen-masses or by 
leaving its proboscis in the slit. In the former case 
it carries the pollinia to the next flower it visits, and 
thus effects cross-fertilisation by leaving the pollen- 
mass between the anther-wings, whence it rapidly 
passes into the cone. He had received a number of 
flowers of Araujia from Mr. Benbow, the gardener at 
Abbotsbury, in some of which he found the proboscis 
of a butterfly or moth in each of the five angles of 
the cone, showing the great destruction of insect-life 
caused by the plant. 
Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.S., who has made a special 
study of the Asclepiadaceae, gave an interesting 
account of the manner in which the pollinia reach 
the stigma ; and some further remarks were made by 
Mr. A. W. Bennett. 
Ttie Drcnifl Brower’s Calendar. 
Working of the Houses. —It is not the first time 
that I have pointed out the importance of giving air, 
shading, and affording moisture, &c., intelligently. 
It is, however, worth repeating, for no matter how 
skilfully you may do the potting, or how particular 
you may be as to the quality of the compost used, it 
will be all lost if due attention is not paid to giving 
air, affording shade, &c.,as indicated by the weather. 
The weather of the past week has been such that 
enables us to make a more free use of that essential 
instrument,the syringe. I very much question whether 
we make free enough use of the syringe in the culture 
of Orchids. We ourselves, of necessity, have had to 
do a lot of our watering by the aid of it, especially 
so has this been the case with Odontoglossums. We 
have some hundreds of plants in spike suspended 
over the bulk of the plants, neither of which have 
been taken down to be watered, but have received 
attention by means of the syringe for this past 
month. That they like the treatment there is no 
question, for they were described only yesterday by 
one of the leading men in the trade as marvellous. 
With Cattleyas and Laelias we are pursuing the 
same course, with the result that what little moss is 
nsed is growing much better than before, and the 
plants themselves are keeping much plumper and 
the roots more active. 
It should be stated, though, that the syringing is 
done when the temperature is at the maximum point, 
say about ten o’clock ; thus the plants become dry 
again by the afternoon, when the damping of the pots 
only is necessary. With Vandas, Aerides, Sacco- 
labiums and Angraecums, more care should he 
exercised on account of the difference in structure at 
this early season; but later on even these East 
Indian and African plants may be lightly sprayed 
over with advantage. 
The mention of Angraecums reminds me that our 
spring flowering forms are again just bursting several 
of their large star-like flowers. These, as I have had 
occasion to mention before, are grown all the year in 
the Cattleya House, and right well do they come out 
of the cooler treatment. The only thing to be 
observed when grown cool is to keep them very dry 
during the winter or the foliage is almost bound to 
spot, which of course disfigures them for many 
years. 
Potting.— The potting of that useful old friend, 
Coelogyne cristata.may now be done with advantage, 
for I notice the new roots have just now become 
active at the base of the most forward of the new 
growths. When this occurs most things may be 
re-potted, short of those actually in flower; and this 
is a golden rule to be observed always if you are to 
be successful with this aristocratic family of plants. 
— S.C. 
- » 1 - - 
Peaches and Apricots.— It is to be feared that in 
many cases the rigour of the recent spell of frost has 
been too much for all ordinary coverings placed over 
Peaches and Apricots in bloom, and that the crop 
has been destroyed as a consequence. Where 
bloom was plentiful, however, and the coverings 
were fairly complete, sufficient flowers may have 
escaped to yield a crop, if only a thin one. Do not 
expose the trees too soon to the full rays of the sun, 
but allow them to thaw gradually, so as to give them 
every chance. Where protection has been given by 
blinds, let the latter remain fixed as long as there is 
any fear of sharp frost. At this time of the year, 
and for the next two months, the value of glass 
copings is fully demonstrated. They soon repay 
their cost by the increase in the crops of fruit and its 
improved quality. 
Late Planted Fruit Trees.— Those trees which 
were assigned to their respective quarters late in the 
planting season have had practically no rain to help 
them, for although the ground was fairly moist for a 
while after the numberous south-westerly gales and 
storms that came to us in the early part of February, 
March was a very dry month, and the soil has dried 
up wonderfully under the influenceof thecold east and 
north-east winds. Do not long delay,therefore,in giving 
late-planted trees a good mulching of short stable 
manure,for from this they stand to receive a great 
deal of benefit. The geDial rains of April will work 
wonders with trees of this kind, especially if the 
weather be warm and kindly. 
Grafting is now claiming the attention of those 
who have old trees to turn into young ones. The 
great essentials to success are health and cleanliness 
in stock and scion, free movement of the sap, and 
clean cutting with keen-edged tools. Whatever 
process of grafting is favoured amongst the many in 
use, the cambium layer of stock and scion must be 
brought into close contact, and kept there, for this 
is the principle of all grafting. If the bark of the 
scion is made to coincide with that of the stock 
success is usually assured, other conditions 
being favourable. Old trees that were headed back 
some time during the winter in readiness should 
have another slice taken off each limb immediately 
before operations commence. The stocks, where 
they have also been prepared, should be kept in a 
cool place in readiness until they are required. 
Have at hand a sufficient supply of graftiDg-wax, or 
tough, well-kneeded clay, and give an occasional 
peep at grafts in position to see that the clay or wax, 
as the case may be, is in its proper place. 
The Bark of Quercus Ilex, the Holly or Holme Oak 
is said to contain more tannin than that of any other 
tree. 
507 
NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY. 
Urgent and Important. 
It being considered by my committee most impor¬ 
tant that societies in affiliation with the N.C.S. be as 
much as possible brought into line with, and follow 
the practice of the parent society, I am instructed to 
urgently press upon you the necessity of accepting 
the enlosed list of varieties of Chrysanthemums 
classified since 1896, and of too-much-alike varieties, 
and printing them in your future schedules of prizes 
as binding upon all your exhibitors. If this be done, 
it will secure a much-to-be-desired harmony in 
making awards on the part of judges; and relieve 
both judges and committees of much vexation arising 
from disputes as to the distinctness or otherwise of 
certain popular varieties much exhibited. 
It will be understood by my committee that in the 
case of societies which may not be desirous of 
coming under the operation of these lists, and not 
printing them in their schedules, that they are not 
binding upon the exhibitors at such societies’ shows ; 
but they do earnestly desire that all affiliated societies 
may adopt them, and make them obligatory upon 
their exhibitors. 
I am sending with this for your information a copy 
of the Jubilee Official Catalogue of the Society issued 
in 1896 .—Richard Dean, Secretary. 
The following list of varieties which have been 
distributed since the publication of the Jubilee 
Edition of the Society’s Official Catalogue in 1896, 
are classed as— 
Incurved Varieties. 
Ada Owen. 
Austin Cannell. 
Baronne de Veillard. 
C. S. Bates. 
Chrysanthemiste Bruant. 
Dome d'Or. 
Duchess of Fife. 
Ernest Cannell. 
General Maurice. 
Golden Gem. 
Golden Nugget. 
Hanwell Glory. 
Harold Wells. 
Ialine. 
Ideality. 
John Miles. 
King of Orange. 
Lady Isabel. 
L'Amethiste. 
Le Marcadeon. 
Leonard Payne 
Lyne Junior. 
Ma Perfection. 
Madame Edmond Roger. 
Madame Ferlat. 
Mdlle. Lucie Faure. 
Miss Annie Hill. 
Miss Dorothy Foster. 
Miss Godsmarck. 
Miss Louise D. Black. 
Miss Phyllis Fowler. 
Miss Violet Foster. 
Mrs. Airdrie. 
Mrs. Col. Goodyear. 
Mrs. F. Hepper. 
Mrs. Gerald Williams. 
Mrs. H. J. Jones. 
Mrs. James Eadie. 
Mrs. N. Molyneux. 
Mrs. Sarah Owen. 
Mrs. W. Howe. 
Mr. J. Kearn. 
Mr. James Murray. 
Mr. M. Russell. 
Mons. Desblanc. 
Owen’s Crimson. 
Pearl Palace. 
Percy Surman. 
Perle Dauphinoise. 
R. D. Douglas. 
Rena Dula. 
Rose Owen. 
Sir Trevor Lawrence. 
The Egyptian. 
Thomas Singleton. 
Topas Orientale. 
Triomphe d'Eve. 
W. Carpenter. 
Yvonne Desblanc. 
The following are classed as— 
Japanese Incurved. 
Duke of Wellington. 
President Nonin. 
Swanley Giant. 
SYNONYMOUS, OR TOO-MUCH-ALIKE 
VARIETIES. 
The following is a list of varieties of Chrysanth¬ 
emums, either classed as synonymous, or as toor 
much-alike, or which at times so nearly approach 
each other in general appearance that they must not 
be shown on the same stand. 
Incurved Varieties. 3 
C. H. Curtis. > 
Major Bonafion. ) 
Duchess of Fife. ) 
Mrs. Airdrie. J 
Empress of India \ 
Lady H. St. Clair. 
Mrs. Cunningham. - 
Snowball. 
White Queen. ' 
Golden Empress oflndia 1 
Bruce Findlay. j 
Golden George Glenny) 
Mrs. Dixon. 
Mrs. C. H. Glover. 1 
John Doughty. } 
Mrs. Robert Mudie. [ 
Bronze Queen of Eng. ' 
John Lambert. 
Golden Queen of Eng. 
Emily Dale. 
Emily Dale Improved., 
John Salter. ^ 
Mr. Howe. i 
Lady Dorothy. , 
Charles Gibson. > 
Lord Alcester. , 
Princess Imperial, j 
Miss M. A. Haggas., 
Richard Parker. j 
Mrs. George Rundellj -1 
Mrs. George Parnell, f 
Mrs. W. C. Egan. ) 
Countess of Warwick, J 
Princess of Teck. 1 
Charles Shoesmith. r 
Christmas Number. ' 
Princess of Wales. 
Beauty of St. John's 
Wood. 
Mrs. Heale. 
White Princess. 
Queen of England. J 
Blush Queen of Eng. / 
