558 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
April 29, 1899. 
and substitute without the consent of the owner of the soil 
a stile or ga te giving equal facilities to the public using the 
path, and that a Parish Council may substitute gates 
for existing stiles if they obtain the consent of the owner 
of ;the soil to the consequent enlargement of the rights 
of the public. In Section ii, Sub-section i, of 
the Local Government Act, 1894, it is clearly laid 
down that a Parish Council shall not, without the 
consent of a parish meeting, incur expense, &c., ex¬ 
ceeding 3d. in the £ for any local financial year. It 
then reads (Sub-section 2 of Section 13) thus:—“A 
Parish Council may, subject to the provisions of this 
Act with respect to restrictions on expenditure, 
undertake the repair and maintenance of all or any 
of the public footpaths within their parish not being 
footpaths at the side of a public road, but this power 
shall not, nor shall the exercise thereof, relieve any 
other authority or person from any liability with re¬ 
spect to such repair or maintenance."— Occasional 
paper by Mr. John Miller, Acting Secretary, 42 , Essex 
Street, Strand, W.C., in the “South Wales Daily News,” 
February 6th, 1899 . 
Footpath Notes. 
The law is clear that when once land has been dedi¬ 
cated as a highway, the right of the public is to have 
the whole width of the road so dedicated, preserved 
free from obstruction, and is not confined to that 
part which is actually used as the trodden way.— 
“ Justice of the Peace,” November, 25 th, 1882 . 
A footpath can only be destroyed: (1) By Act 
of Parliament, or (2) by an order of Justices, en¬ 
rolled in Quarter Sessions, pursuant to the pro¬ 
visions of the Highways Acts. No definite time is 
laid down by which user of a path will make it 
public. Lord Kenyon, C.J., said that, in one great 
case, which was much contested, six years was held 
sufficient. 
It is well-established law that if the land be let 
out on lease the acquiescence of the tenant will not 
bind the landlord without evidence of his knowledge 
sufficient to presume a grant from him of the land as 
a highway. " In order to constitute a valid dedica¬ 
tion to the public of a highway by the owner of the 
soil, it is clearly settled there must be an intention 
to dedicate, of which the user by the public is 
evidence, and no more.”—Baron Parker (Poole v. 
Huskinson, 11 M. & W.). As a rule, no evidence of 
any actual intention to dedicate is forthcoming ; in 
such cases an intention to dedicate is presumed from 
the use of it by the public. Shortly, evidence of un¬ 
interrupted user, if unrebutted, is sufficient to estab¬ 
lish a public right of way; such evidence is, how¬ 
ever, capable of being rebutted by slight evidence of 
interruption. One act of interruption is of far 
greater weight than many acts of user without 
interruption. 
- » t— - 
SOCIETIES. 
WISBECH AND DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION.— April 19 th and 20th. 
The above Association held their third annual 
Daffodil (Narcissus) Show in the " Public Hall," 
Wisbech, on April 19th and 20th. The show was 
opened by the Hon. Mrs. Ashton Curzon. The 
institution promises to be a good one, especially so 
as the soil and climate of Wisbech and district are so 
adapted to the cultivation of these lovely spring 
flowers. The blooms shown were remarkable for 
their size and colour. In the competitive classes, 
there were 175 entries, an increase of 13 over those 
of last year. The recent frosts, however, did not 
pass Wisbech, for many were obliged to withdraw 
their entry on that account. Trade exhibits were 
as usual to the fore, and so Wisbech does not escape 
such old established firms as Barr, Ware, and Pear¬ 
son. The judges were Mr. R. Sydenham, Birming- 
ton and Mr. W. Firmie, of Walter Ware, Bath. 
In the classes for open competition Mr. W. Welch¬ 
man was first in the entry for six distinct varieties of 
single trumpet Narcissus. Messrs. Cross & Son 
were second. For twelve varieties of Narcissus, the 
same two held the unreversed positions. For six 
double Narcissus (from any sectiun), first, Mr. G. 
W. Millar. For the most tastefully arranged group 
of Tulips the prize went to Mr. F. J. Gardiner. In 
the entry for twelve bunches of Primroses and 
Polyanthus Mr. Millar was also leader, and Mr. H. 
Martin next him. 
For six plants in bloom, not less than four distinct 
species, in pots, first, Mr. J. Rutter ; second, Mr. G. 
W. Millar. For a beautiful shower Daffodil bouquet 
Mr. W. M. Mills secured the prize. 
For a wreath composed of Narcissus Mr. G. W. 
Millar carried off premier honours; Mr. W. M. 
Mills came second, and Mr. E. W. Perry, third. 
An epergne of Narcissus bloom was arranged, and 
the prize secured by Mr. W. M. Mills, while Mr. H. 
Wells was second. For a basket of Narcissus, first, 
Mr. R. W. Green ; second, Mr. W. M. Mills. For 
twelve spikes of Hyacinths, Mr. Gill, first; Mr. G. 
W. Millar, second. For six pots of Narcissus (any 
variety), first, Mr. G. W. Millar. 
Special prizes, offered by Messrs. Barr & Sons, for 
the best collection of Daffodil flowers, first, Mr. G. 
W. Millar; second, Messrs. Cross & Son; third, 
Mr. H. Wells. For the prize given by Messrs. De 
Graaff Bros., Leiden, for twenty bunches of trumpet 
Narcissus, first, Mr. G. W. Millar ; second, Messrs. 
Cross & Son ; third, Mr. H. Wells. For the prize 
given by Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, for a collection 
of thirty varieties of Daffodils, first, Messrs. Cross 
& Son; Second, Mr. G. W. Millar; third, Mr. H. 
Wells A special prize, given by Mr. R. Sydenham, 
for six pots of Tulips, was secured by Mr. F. J, 
Gardiner, and Mr. H. Brown followed, Mr. R. W. 
Green coming next. 
Open to Amateurs.-— For bunches of single 
trumpet Narcissus, first, Mr. J. W. Free; second, 
Mr. H. Brown. For six varieties of Narcissus, 
first, Mr. G. Stevens ; second, Mr. J. W. Free. In 
the class for a collection of Tulips, Mr. G. Stevens 
was first; and Mr. H. Wells, second. 
Miscellaneous. 
Messrs. Barr & Sons, of Covent Garden, London, 
staged a collection of Daffodils in eighty varieties, 
for which they were awarded a Gold Medal. The 
quality of the entire lot was excellent and consisted 
of many of the choicest and rarest varieties. 
Narcissus Duke of Bedford here received a First- 
class Certificate, which adds another to the list 
already awarded for this handsome new variety. 
They also showed Gloria Mundi with bright orange- 
scarlet cup and yellow perianth, and N. apricot 
having a cup of the colour indicated by the name; 
also the beautiful Weardale Perfection, and the 
delicate Duchess of Westminster, &c., &c., all of 
which received a large amount of attention and 
interest. 
Messrs. Bath, Ltd., Wisbech, contributed a nice 
lot of well developed blooms comprising such hand¬ 
some forms as N. Emperor, N. M. J. Berkeley, 
Mme. Plemp, Sir Watkin, and N. Barri conspicuus, 
(Gold Medal.) 
Messrs. De Graaft Bros., Leiden, Holland, sent 
some very good blooms of the Sampson, Mme. 
Plemp, Glory of Leiden, and Shakespeare types. 
Mr. T. Kime, of Marcham-le-Fen, Boston, Lines., 
had some fine bunches of N. Barri conspicuus, 
Emperor, Cernus, and Sir Watkin. For N. Mrs. 
Kime a Certificate of Merit was duly awarded. 
The flowers are large and pure white, the trumpet 
wide at the brim. 
Messrs. Pearson & Sons, Chilwell, were awarded 
a Silver Gilt Medal for a comprehensive collection of 
Daffodils very beautifully arranged. 
Rose Manda’s Triumph.—That Polyantha Rose, 
Crimson Rambler, has been comparatively unique 
and isolated in its special class until recently, but 
in Manda’s Triumph we should judge, from a hand¬ 
some specimen figured in “ American Gardening," 
that now it has a compeer. The habit and general 
likeness is tnat of the Crimson Ramblers but with 
flowers of a snowy whiteness and fragrant. Then 
the Dawson Rose resembles these two, and has 
peach-coloured blooms with a white centre. Manda’s 
Triumph is among the first of a series of Wichuriana 
hybrids which include also a new variegated form. 
A varied selection should soon be secured.— D. 
-- 
Questions add snstneRS 
*** Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
[Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargonium!, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.] 
Gray’s Elegy. — Omega : Possibly the writer of the 
article in which the reference occurs may say what 
book he was quoting from, and from where it is to 
be had. The elegy has been printed many times in 
all sorts of books, but the only one to hand at pre¬ 
sent is that entitled " The Poetical Works of Thomas 
Gray, Thomas Parnell, William Collins, Matthew 
Green, and Thomas Warton.” It was printed in 
1855 by Messrs. George Routledge & Co., Farring- 
don Street, London, The price is not stated. Pro¬ 
bably it is out of print. 
Carrots and Stoney Ground— T. W.: The shape 
of the roots would be very uncertain in the stoney 
ground you mention ; but you can insure good roots 
by making holes in the ground at regular distances 
apart in the rows, and of the required depth, by 
means of a large dibber. These holes should be 
filled with a compost of finely sifted loam, sand, and 
wood ashes, pressing the material moderately firm, 
and sowing a few seeds over each hole. After the 
seedlings are sufficiently advanced to show which is 
to be the strongest, pull out all but the largest one in 
each hole. 
Superphosphate and Muriate of Potash.— Omega: 
These two artificial manures are very good so far as 
they go, but they could not in any sense of the 
term be considered an all-round manure even if 
mixed in equal proportions. They would supply 
phosphorus and potash, but you require nitrogen in 
addition to make a complete or all-round manure. 
You can dress the ground over the roots of your 
fruit trees at once, with the manures you mention, 
and apply an equal quantity of nitrate of soda during 
May or June in three distinct applications. In other 
words, if you apply, say, 1 cwt. each of superphos¬ 
phate and muriate of potash, you could apply t cwt. 
of nitrate of soda to the same area of ground. The 
three ingredients would constitute what is termed an 
all-round manure. 
Returfing Cricket Ground.— W. Mason-. As far 
as the turf or grass is concerned you could lift and 
relay it with every hope of success, especially in 
view of the frequent falls of rain and the moist 
nature of the ground. The grass would grow and 
become firmly established in a few months, but it 
could hardly become sufficiently consolidated in time 
for playing cricket in the early part of the season at 
least. The turf would be liable to break and make 
the grass become patchy before the drought of 
summer is over. Even this, however, would depend 
upon the nature of the turf itself, and upon the fre¬ 
quency that cricket might- be played upon it during 
the next two months. If the turf is tough it might 
stand the rough usage. A better plan would be to 
wait till the playing season is over, and then relay 
the turf when the autumn rains come. 
Lifting a Holly Tree— W. Easton ; If you had 
root-pruned the tree a year ago, or even during the 
early part of last autumn, there would have been no 
difficulty in the matter. The moist weather, how¬ 
ever, has been very favourable for transplanting 
operations, and if it continues fora short time longer 
the safety of the tree would be almost insured. You 
must lift the tree, with a large ball of soil, about 5 ft. 
in diameter, that is, 2J ft. from the trunk to the cir¬ 
cumference of the ball of soil. The latter must be 
held together with mats, and if you have a trans¬ 
planting machine you may undertake the operation. 
Ringing Crotons.— T. B. : If you have a propa¬ 
gating case with bottom heat, ringing will be un¬ 
necessary for the tops of stems and branches. In 
the absence of this convenience you can cut out a 
ring right through the bark and tie pieces of sphag¬ 
num round the cut till roots are freely emitted ; then 
you can cut off the rooted plant from its parent. 
Names of Plants.— H. H.: 1, Origanum siphy- 
leum ; 2, Saxifraga granulata flore pleno.— Lector, 
Cornwall : Daucus Carota, the wild Carrot.— Chemist ; 
1, Alchemilla arvensis; 2, Cerastium glomeratum ; 
3, Montia fontana ; 4, Carex panicea ; 5, Cardamine 
hirsuta; 9, Petasites fragrans. (Look for flowers 
about Christmas or soon after.)— J. W. : 1, Doroni- 
cum plantagineum excelsum ; 2, Fritillaria imperi¬ 
als lutea ; 3, Primula elatior caerulea; 4, Lunaria 
biennis; 5, Arabis albida.— A.L .: 1, Odontoglossum 
constrictum; 2, Odontoglossum pulchellum; 3, 
Oncidium pulvinatum ; 4, Oncidium sarcodes.— J, 
Bliss: 1, Eupatorium ianthinum ; 2, Primula verti- 
cillala; 3, Elaeodendron orientale, generally known 
as Aralia Chabrieri.— V. W .:—Vinca major. 
Communications Received. —W. P. R.—M.C. C. 
—H. C. Thompson.—W. G.—J. C„ Chard.—B. M. 
—J. Smith.—R. W.—A. C.—D.—A. L.—Western. 
-A. G. B.—R. C.—W. W.—T. G.—Aro.—Spade.— 
R. M. 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
James Veitch & Sons, Ltd., Royal Exotic Nursery, 
5+4, King’s Road, Chelsea.—Catalogue of Plants, 
iacluding Novelties, &c.; a'so List of Hardy 
Nymphaeas. 
Theodore Turner, Begonia Nurseries, Great 
SuttoD, Chester.—Special List of Roses, Begonias, 
Gladiolus, Paeonies, Cannas, Lilies, Fruit Trees, &C, 
