588 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
May 18, 1899. 
rubrorum, the latter a fine bedder and darker red 
than the former We have also T. Tournesol and 
the commoner Tournesol, fine yellows both; T. 
Murillo, pale rose; T. Agnes, one of the best 
doubles there is, being bright crimson; T. Miss 
Nightingale, a pure white; and T. La Citadelle, 
crimson and yellow. These were the chief selections 
among the single and double Tulips. 
The Darwin Tulips and the later English and 
Cottar's Tulips were showing fine buds, and, of 
.course, will come in for the Temple and other shows. 
Of species of Tulips we saw Tulipa acuminata, T. 
linifolia, T. australis, T. armena, flowering 3 in. 
from the ground ; T. clusiana, T. Eichleri, T. undu- 
latifolia, and T. Greigii, but as comments might only 
interest a few we abstain from giving any. 
We may add a note on the alpine and other 
plants we saw in flower. These included Gentiana 
verna, Scilla italica, and others ; Adonis vernalis, 
Aubrietia Royal Purple, Trollius Orange Globe, 
Anemone blanda, A. b. scythinica, a lighter form of 
the former; A. b. cypriana, larger still and light 
lavender ; and A. b. alba ; Muscari botryoides, M. 
b. album, M. paradoxum, of a black colour; 
Erythronicum giganteum, E. revolutum, and the 
smaller Narcissi, with the strong and handsome 
Crown Imperials, which, however, we cannot 
include with alpines. 
--*•- 
PLANTS RECENTLY CERTIFICATED. 
The undermentioned awards were made by the 
Royal Horticultural Society on the 2nd. inst. 
Orchid Committee. 
Odontoglossum andersonianhm Raymond Craw- 
shay. Nov. var. —The flowers of this new variety are 
of large size, with acuminate segments, all of which 
are richly spotted with brownish-purple for three- 
fourths of their length on a creamy ground. It is 
certainly a very handsome variety. (Award of Merit.) 
De B. Crawshay, Esq. (gardener Mr. S. Cooke), 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks. 
Odontoglossum andersonianum, Mrs. De B. 
Crawshay. Nov. var. —The sepals in this case are 
oblong-ovate, and creamy, with a few red spots on 
the centre of each. There are one to two spots on 
each petal, and one large blotch in front of the 
crest of the lip. It is a delicately coloured and 
distinct variety. (Award of Merit.) De B. Crawshay, 
Esq. 
Odontoglossum ruckerianum rosefieldense. 
Nov. var. —The sepals and petals of this grand variety 
have a rich rose-purple band along the middle, 
except towards the base. There is a group of blotches 
below the middle of the sepals, and a few smaller 
spots on the petals. The lip has one larger lobed 
blotch in front of the crest. (Award of Merit.) De B. 
Crawshay, Esq. 
Epidendrum elegantulum luteum. Nov. hyb. 
var. —In this we have a charming and pretty variety 
of a hybrid originating from E. Wallisii, and E. 
Endresii. The oblong sepals and ovate petals are 
golden yellow, while the broad, four-lobed lip is 
nearly white, with a yellow crest. (Award of 
Merit.) Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Ltd., King’s Road, 
Chelsea. 
Odontoglossum excellens mc’beanianum. Nov. 
var .—Here we have a remarkably distinct and fine 
variety of a supposed natural hybrid between O. 
crispum, and O. triumphans. The elliptic sepals 
are blunt, and bright yellow, with three broad, 
transverse bars of the same brownish-crimson hue 
as seen in O. triumphans. The petals are ovate, 
acuminate, crisped at the edge, yeliow, with a paler 
centre, and having three groups of large blotches. 
The lip is oblong and takes closely after that of O. 
crispum ; it is pale yellow with three large blotchds 
in front of the crest. We understand this changed 
hands at the handsome figure of 55 guineas, before 
it left the meeting. (Award of Merit.) Messrs. J. 
Mc’Bean & Sons, Cooksbridge, Sussex. 
Odontoglossum triumphans Dulcote var. 
Nov. var. —The sepals and petals of this noble 
variety are very broad, elliptic, and of a rich 
chocolate-brown or brownish-crimson, with yellow 
tips and a few yellow streaks. The broad, upper 
portion of the lip is brown, and the lower half 
white. (Award of Merit ) Walter Cobb, Esq. (gar¬ 
dener, Mr. J. Howes), Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells. 
Floral Committee. 
Richardia Pentlandi Tring Park var. —The 
broad, orbicular lamina of the spathe of this 
variety is of great substance, and golden-yellow, 
almost orange, and certainly very handsome. The 
tube of the spathe is not very much paler, and the 
usual green tint has almost disappeared in this case. 
The black blotch in the throat is moderate in size. 
(Award of Merit.) Lord Rothschild (gardener, Mr. 
E. Hill), Tring Park, Tring. 
Richardia suffusa.— The spathe of this form is 
orbicular, shortly-pointed, and creamy-white. 
While it is smaller than that of R. africana, it is 
certainly very much larger than the spathe of R. 
aurita, with which it is liable to be confused. There 
is a large brownish-black blotch in the throat, about 
one-third the length of the spathe. That of R. 
aurita is much smaller, pale yellow, and the black 
blotch is also small. (Award of Merit) Lord 
Rothschild. 
Narcissus Committee. 
Narcissus Hesperus — The flowers of this hybrid 
are of large size, with the broad, overlapping seg¬ 
ments of a good N. poeticus, but creamy instead of 
pure white. The crown is short, widely spreading, 
plicate, and orange coloured, recalling to some ex¬ 
tent the form of the crown of Princess Mary. It is 
a very handsome form. (Award of Merit.) Rev. 
G. H. Engleheart, Appleshaw, Andover. 
Narcissus marina. —Here again we have a 
hybrid of the medium-crowned type. The flowers 
are large, with roundly-oval, overlapping, white 
segments. The crown in this case is clear yellow, 
plicate, and spreading very widely, thus reducing its 
real depth. Altogether it is distinct and handsome 
(Award of Merit.) Rev. G. H. Engleheart. 
Narcissus Cecily Hill.— This would appear to 
claim affinity with the poeticus and Barrii sections, 
The segments are broad, overlapping, and white, 
with pale yellow edges, thus simulating a Picotee. 
The crown is short, plaited, orange at the mouth, 
and yellow downwards. (Award of Merit.) E. O. 
Backhouse, Esq., Sutton Court, near Hereford. 
Narcissus Dorothy Kingsmill.— This has 
somewhat the aspect of Mme. de Graaff, but was 
raised by crossing N. grandis with N. [triandrus, 
and for the latter parent is remarkably large. The 
segments are ovate, and creamy-white. The trumpet 
is very long, pale lemoD, and spreading at the 
mouth. (Award of Merit.) A. Kingsmill, Esq , 
The Holt, Stanmore. 
THE FUNGOID PESTS OF OUR 
GARDENS. 
(Concluded from p. 570.) 
Now I must add one word of caution in using any 
of these preparations, which I have named, especi¬ 
ally upon cuttings. My advice is this : use neither 
of these strong solutions until cuttings are rooted,for 
the reason that if you let any of these poisonous 
compounds come into contact with the end of the 
cutting, when it has just been severed from the old 
plant and the cut is fresh, either of these liquids will 
mix with the sap immediately, and consequently the 
cutting will damp off in a very few days. Therefore 
be very careful how you deal with these tender 
cuttings ; and as soon as rooted lay them on their 
side, commence with them at once, and continue to 
spray them every three weeks or a month, throughout 
the growing season. Then, by-and-bye, when the 
time arrives for housing the plants the rust will not 
give you much trouble, and of mildew you will have 
none. 
During the last, autumn I sprayed the plants 
under my care twice or three times after being 
housed, and with marked effect, for I have never 
seen Chrysanthemums carry more foliage than those 
plants so treated up to the end of their flowering 
period. True, on some of the plants there was a few 
spots of rust, but as for mildew and insects there was 
not a chance for either to have a look in ; and with 
regard to the rust the foliage being so impregnated 
with the emulsion.it had no opportunity of spreading 
to any alarming degree and so its detrimental effects 
were slight. 
Then there is another thing which I should like to 
mention in connection with the spraying of Chrys¬ 
anthemums, or in fact any other plants, and that is, 
with respect to the manner in which any of these 
fungicides are applied. Now, it is an impossibility 
to apply any liquid in too fine a spray. 
It is not necessary to deluge the affected foliage of 
any plant, but to apply it evenly and thinly over the 
whole surface of the leaves and particularly on the 
under side where the fungi first make their appear¬ 
ance. There is also a danger where plants are 
treated as they stand, if enough is sprayed upon 
them to run down the stem, and there find its way 
among the roots close to the collar. 
The implement to be recommended is a spray 
pump in some form or another (of which there are 
many). 
The end to which the jet is attached should be 
bent a little so as to incline upward, so that by 
holding the tube in one hand and carefully lifting 
the foliage of the plant with the other the whole of 
the underside can be thoroughly sprayed. My plan 
is to have a pipe attached to the pump as long as 
the lines of the plants are where it is to be used, so 
that there is no more removing of the pump nor the 
vessel containing the liquid ; so when one is pumping 
steadily a batch of plants is quickly got through ; 
and to prevent any obstacle from getting into the jet, 
tie a piece of muslin, three or four times thick, over 
the strainer through which the solution is drawn. 
By this means the whole is safely strained and the 
spray will work with ease. 
Well now, if you intend to be successful in your 
struggle with these pests, do not wait until the 
fungus shows itself, but spray often, if you have any 
suspicion that the germs of disease are lingering 
within your plants; for never did the old proverb 
apply more forcibly than when used in relation to 
fungoid diseases,which is “ Prevention is better than 
cure.” This parasitical fungoid life, with which the 
gardener is confronted in the cultivation of plants, 
is one of the most serious diseases with which he has 
to deal, for two reasons ; one is, because of the 
minuteness of the spores by which this disease is 
spread, and the other is, before it can be detected, 
the mycelium is embedded within the tissue of the 
leaf. 
Therefore, the necessity of being constantly on the 
alert, and particularly if you know that the disease is 
within the neighbourhood. Then by every means in 
your power endeavour to carry cultivation to a degree 
of perfection, so that the plant has all its power of 
resistance against the attacks of fungoid pests. For 
you will find in almost every case that the breaking 
out of disease originates with an illtreated, sickly 
plant. It often happens that there are, in growing a 
batch of plants, a few more than is wanted, perhaps 
laid away on one side and kept in a starving condition; 
these are the plants which are contracting the germs 
of future trouble, unconsciously, perhaps, to the 
gardener ; but so it is. 
Wherefore, what you grow, grow it vigorously ; 
and what you do not want, away with it. This not 
only applies to fungoid pests, but also to insects 
How often do we see one sickly plant infect the 
whole house? The poet says: 
“ One scabbed sheep infects the flock 
And poisons all the rest.” 
Then again, be scrupulously particular with regard 
to weeds ; these also are often a common cause of 
disease among cultivated plants. 
I will mention one instance, and that is the 
Groundsel. This weed often carries, as no doubt 
you have noticed, a brownish-yellow dust known as 
Uredo senecionis, and in great abundance; this same 
disease will work havoc among your Cinerarias, if 
allowed a footing, and the Cineraria cannot carry 
this disease with the same amount of indifference as 
the Groundsel does. Therefore remove the causes of 
disease as much as possible ; then you will not have 
to suffer from the effects. 
This is a case of a struggle between the gardener 
and his enemies, and every little detail which will 
give you an advantage in the battle must be care¬ 
fully carried into effect. 
Rotation of crops, the cleanliness of the ground, 
the spraying of the crop occasionally with some 
fungicide will do much to prevent and eradicate a 
destructive pest. Diseases of plants are not new. 
We read in early times of the blasting of corn, the 
casting off and stinking of Grapes, Figs, etc., so that 
plants were not always healthy in the days of the 
ancients. However, in these days they were re¬ 
garded as pests of a mysterious nature, and into the 
cause of which it was most unwise to seek. 
It was in the eighteenth century, I believe, that a 
