684 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
June 24, 1899. 
in a local garden gave ioo bushels in a good year and 
not more than 20 bushels for the following two years. 
In Apples, we must always remember that a large 
proportion of the 650,000 bushels imported are 
Tasmanian and Nova Scotian, which come after our 
main crops are exhausted, and are mostly dessert 
kinds. The foreign Apples do not, as a rule, suit the 
cook, as they become leathery in puddings and 
tarts, and do not mellow or melt as our British 
produce does, so that the later British kitchen 
Apples always make good prices. Where suitable 
stores are at hand Apples pay for keeping. There, 
however, appears to be an opening for first-class 
Apples after Christmas, for the best Pearmains, 
Russets, &c., which (as stated) the public yet require 
some further education to appreciate, as they are 
mostly dull in colour and do not appear to advan¬ 
tage against the brighter imported fruits, though much 
superior in flavour. 
While I, as a Kentish man, have travelled through 
England I have been struck by the vast expanse of 
country where hardly any fruit is grown. Bearing 
in mind the teeming populations of the large northern 
manufacturing centres, the collieries of Wales and 
the North of England, it is evident that there is and 
must be a growing output for all produce grown ; 
being aft er all produced in a comparatively small area. 
Cider.— As already stated in olden days cider was 
largely made in Kent, and most old farmhouses had 
a cider press, but beer has now almost taken its 
place as a local beverage. Your Society has already 
had a paper from Mr. C. Radcliffe Cooke, M.P. for 
Hereford, and we need not further allude to the 
subject, except incidentally, to mention that during 
the past few years it has been taken up by a society 
in the Swanley district of Kent, and they find a ready 
sale; but they import some of their fruit from 
Somersetshire and Herefordshire, although on the 
other hand, many tons of fruit find their way from 
Brenchley and Paddock-wood orchards to the 
Norfolk cidermakers, who certainly turn out a 
beverage that is refreshing and agreeable to those 
who are not born in a cider country, and who do not 
know the crucial points of excellence. Cider-makiDg 
undoubtedly helps the prices of Kentish Apples, 
large bulks of good sorts, but not of a size quite up 
to market sale, being sold for cider, must relieve the 
London markets. The Hereford makers, however, 
maintain that unless special “ vintage ” fruit is mixed 
with our Kent Apples the cide r will not keep, because 
of the absence of tannin. 
In conclusion, I would state that naturally the 
time at my disposal will not allow me to go into 
further particulars, but there are many useful 
pamphlets printed on the culture of fruit for market, 
and further details can be found in them and be 
studied at the reader’s leisure. There is also much 
suitable information in the descriptive catalogues 
published by nurserymen who make the growth of 
fruit trees a speciality. Attached is a list of what 
we in Kent consider the best market sorts as distinct 
from the more choice fruits which are cultivated in 
gardens. 
To indicate the interest taken in fruit culture by 
cottagers and small holders of land, no less than 
jo,000 lists of fruits in leaflet form with hints for 
culture have been sold by the Royal Horticultural 
Society, and a new edition is now issued and sold 
cheaply to county councils, the clergy, &c. 
Tables of Weights and Measures for 
London Markets. 
Sieve, 8 gallons ; half-sieve, 4 gallons; pecks, holding 
12 lbs.; punnets, $ lb., 1 lb., and 4 lbs. 
Fruit is Marketed thus :— 
Apples—Kitchen and dessert in sieves, choice dessert 
in halves. 
Pears—Choice in halves, common in sieves. 
Plums—Damsons in halves, gages in pecks and 
halves. Plums in halves. 
Cherries, Gosseberries, and Currants in halves, con¬ 
taining 24 lbs. nett. 
Raspberries, without stalks, “slipped” or “ plum- 
med,” in tubs 30 lbs. and 50 lbs. each. 
Strawberries in gallons and pecks, choice in J lb. and 
x lb. punnets. 
Dessert Gooseberries, ripe in 1 lb. punnets and 
gallons. 
Choice Pears, in boxes of 2 doz. 
Raspberries, with stalks, for dessert, 1 lb. punnets. 
Cob-nats in sieves of 50 lbs. 
Vegetables. 
Potatos—New, in 1 cwt. bags, or sieves of 8 
gallons; old, in 1 cwt. bags (2 bushels), or at per 
ton. 
Greens—Brussels sprouts in half-sieves. 
Headed Cabbages, 60 to a tally in pads and crates. 
Cauliflower, 60 to a talley in pads and crates. 
Collards, in bunches of 12, at per doz. bunches. 
Onions— Per 1 cwt. bag. 
Parsnips—Bunched or per ton. 
Carrots—Bunched or per ton. 
Turnips—Early, in bunches ; late, in 1 cwt. bags. 
Celery—Per doz. heads. 
The markets for vegetables of all kinds vary from 
season to season, and the leading kinds only are 
quoted in the reports. 
Distances to Plant. 
Orchard trees, standard Apples, Cherries, Pears, 
or Plums in orchards should be planted about 15 to 
30 ft. apart, and must be well staked and protected 
from rabbits and stock. 
Number of Market Trees required per 
Acre :— 
1,210 at 6 ft. apart—Closely pruned Pears on Quince, 
or Apples on Paradise, and for Gooseberries and 
Currants. 
680 at 8 ft. apart—Apples on Paradise (every other 
one to be moved in a few years). 
435 at 10 ft. apart—Feathered Apples or Plums. 
303 at 12 ft. apart—Permanent bush trees, pyramids, 
and Nuts. 
193 at 15 ft. apart—Standard Plums, Damsons, or red 
Cherries. 
134 at 18 ft. apart—Ditto. 
108 at 20 ft. apart—Standard Apples, Pears, &c. 
75 at 24 ft. apart—Ditto and Cherries. 
48 at 30 ft. apart—Cherries where pastured under¬ 
neath. 
40 at 36 ft. apart—Cherries or Apples. 
36 at 40 ft. apart—Cherries or strong Pears. 
In plantations where there is both a top and 
bottom crop the standards may be placed at greater 
distances, noting that the Apples and Pears give a 
heavier shade than Plums. 
Strawberries for market (about) at ij ft., 19,350 ; 
at 2 ft., 11,000, per acre. 
List of the best paying Market Fruits. 
Apples. 
Dessert Apples to sell direct from the tree. 
{Mr. Gladstone.July-August 
fBeauty of Bath. ,, 
Yellow Ingestre, or Summer Golden 
Pippin.September 
{Devonshire Quarrenden .. .. August 
{Colonel Vaughan .Sept.-Oct. 
Lady Sudely . .. Aug.-Sept. 
{Worcester Pearmain.September 
Dessert A pples which require to be stored for a time before 
Marketing. 
{Duchess Favourite (or Duchess of 
Glo'ster) .Sept.-Oct. 
{King of Pippins . Oct.-Jan. 
{-Cox's Orange Pippin. Nov.-Jan 
fGascoyne’s Scarlet Seedling .. .. Nov.-Feb. 
{Cox’s Pomona.Oct.-Nov. 
{Baumann’s Winter Rennet .. .. Dec.-Jan. 
{Cockle's Pippin . Oct,-Nov. 
{Allington Pippin .Nov.-Feb. 
‘Duke of Devonshire.March-May 
Kitchen Apples which require storing before Marketing. 
{Stone's, or Loddington .. Aug.-Dec. 
{Warner's King .. .. .. .. November 
{Lord Derby .Nov.-Dec. 
‘Queen Caroline (or Brown’s Codlin) Oct.-Dec. 
‘Tower of Glamis . Oct.-Dec. 
‘Wellington .Nov.-March. 
‘Winter-Queening . Dec.-Feb. 
{Bismarck. Oct.-Jan. 
‘Newton Wonder .. .. .. Nov.-May 
{Graham’s Jubilee .Oct.-March 
‘Bramley’s SeedliDg .Dec.-April 
‘Golden Noble .. .. .. .. Nov.-Dec. 
Lane’s Prince Albert .. .. .. Nov.-April 
*Hambledon Deux Ans.March-May 
Northern Greening .Jan.-March 
*Hambling's Seedling.Dec.-March 
‘Alfriston.Nov.-March. 
Those marked * are recommended for orchard standards, 
the rest as plantation bushes or pyramids on Paradise stocks, 
t These are suitable for either purpose. 
The following make grand trees and bear regularly 
when about twenty years old. A proportion should 
be placed in every grass orchard : — 
Blenheim Orange .Nov.-Feb. 
Kent Fillbasket .. .. .. November 
Striped Beefing .Nov.-Feb. 
Mere de Menage .. .. Dec.-Jan. 
Kitchen Apples to market direct from the tree. 
{Early White Transparent .. .. July-Aug. 
‘Early Julian .Aug.-Sept. 
{Pott’s Seedling .. 
{Lord Grosvenor 
{Lord Suffield 
{Keswick Codiin 
{Early Rivers 
{Domino .. 
{Duchess of Oldenburg 
{Ecklinville Seedling.Sept.-Oct. 
{Grenadier Codlin .. „ 
Manks Codlin. „ 
{Golden Spire. Oct.-Dec. 
Stirling Castle.Oct.-Nov. 
{New Hawthornden .Nov.-Dec. 
The softer kinds of Apples are best for local sales 
as they bruise in transit to markets. 
Pears. 
Market Pears for orchard trees. 
Hessle 
Crawford, or Chalk 
.. August 
Jargonelle .. 
Williams’Bon Chretien.. 
.. September 
Dr. Jules Guyot. 
Pitmaston Duchess 
.. Oct.-Nov. 
Fertility. 
Beurre Bose . 
Beurre Capiaumont 
.. Sept.-Oct. 
Catillac (for stewing) 
.. Dec.-MarJ 
Vicar of Winkfield 
.. Dec.-Jan. 
Pears as bush trees on quince stock. 
Beacon (Rivers’) .. 
Williams' (Bon Chretien).. 
.. September 
Dr. Jules Guyot 
Souvenir De Congres 
• • M 
Conference .. 
Marguerite Marrillat .. 
• • M 
Louise Bonne of Jersey .. 
• • II 
Pitmaston Duchess 
.. Oct.-Nov. 
Marie Louise d’Uccle 
Buerre Clairgeau .. 
Emile d'Heyst 
Durondeau .. 
Princess 
Buerre Jean van Geert 
Fondant de Thirriott 
Doyenne du Comice 
The list mentioned on quince stock can also be 
grown as standards where the soil is suitable for 
Pears, and many other kinds grown in gardens can 
be introduced to meet any special local demand. 
November 
Nov.-Dec. 
Plums. 
Profitable Market Plums, either as standards in 
orchards or as half-standards and bushes in planta¬ 
tions. 
Rivers’ Early Prolific .July-Aug. 
Czar (Rivers’) .. .. .. .. August 
Heron (Rivers’). „ 
Early Orleans and Prince of Wales .. „ 
(Only in places where they succeed.) 
Belgium Purple.September 
Belle de Louvain. ,, 
Black Diamond. „ 
Curlew (Rivers’). „ 
Jefferson’s Gage .. .. .. .. ,, 
Smith’s Blue Prolific . „ 
Bush Plum of Kent .. .. .. „ 
White Magnum Bonum. „ 
Oullin’s Golden Gage . August 
Pond’s Seedling .. .. .. .. September 
Victoria or Royal Dauphin .. .. August 
Sultan . „ 
Early Transparent Gage.September 
Wyedale .. .. .. .. .. Oct.-Nov. 
Monarch.Sept.-Oct. 
Greengages require a favourable situation. The 
best are — 
Denniston's Gage. August 
Early Transparent.September 
Bryanstone's late Gage. „ 
Late Transparent. ,, 
Jefferson's. «• „ 
