718 
THE GARDENING WORLD July 8, 1899. 
excelsa introduced was growing in the conservatory, 
along with a fine collection of hard-wooded plants, 
While here he conceived the idea of some more 
handy means of turning large plants out of their pots in 
order to examine the roots than the custom of break¬ 
ing the pots. He communicated the idea to the fore¬ 
man, who put his veto on the plan in a summary 
manner. When Mr. Fry became gardener to Mrs. 
Dent, of Lee, he was his own master, and resolved 
to put his invention to some practical purpose. He 
spoke to several gardeners and others about his 
invention, but Dr. Lindley, of The Gardeners' 
Chronicle, with whom he sought an interview, told 
him to keep his own counsel and secure the patent 
for himself. This he did, and the invention was at 
once registered as the “ West Kent Garden Pot.” 
Mr. Wm. Barnes, gardener to George Ward 
Norman, Esq., was one of the first gardeners to 
approve and use the new flower pot. The "West Kent 
Garden Pot ” was illustrated in most of the garden¬ 
ing papers of that day. 
He next tried his hand inventing a self-acting 
fumigator, which was exhibited at a meeting of the 
Horticultural Society, 21, Regent Street, in 1850. 
This was followed by his " sulphurator," and soon 
after by fumigator £tpd sulphurator combined. 
Mr. Fry was of a philanthropic turn of mind, and 
took a deep interest in everything that tended to 
educate young gardeners, and otherwise further their 
welfare. This was subsequent to 1840, and in 1843 
we find him writing to the Gardeners' Gazette urging 
his fellow gardeners to join in helping the Philan¬ 
thropic Society of Gardeners, He was honorary 
secretary to a similar society, and a member of the 
West Kent Gardeners' Association. 
Mr. Fry patented his Seakale and propagating 
pots, Fern and seed pans in 1855, and these, like the 
•• West Kent garden pot," all passedjmto the hands 
of Mr. Joseph Pascall, of Chislehurst, to whom he 
sold the patent rights. After having been gardener 
to Mrs. Dent for fourteen years, the latter purchased, 
the Homewood Estate at Chislehurst, and Mr. Fry 
resigned his position and entered into a partnership, 
which, proving unsatisfactory, was dissolved after a 
period of three years. He still remained at the 
Manor Gardens, Lee, where he raised several fine 
Fuchsias, including Lord of the Manor, Blue Boy, 
Miss Lizzie Vidler, Ethel Fry, Mrs. Gladstone, Mrs. 
George Grote, &c., all of which were sent out by 
different nurserymen. 
After living at the Manor Gardens for twenty-three 
years, Mr. Fry was induced in 1875 to offer himself 
as a candidate for the post of superintendent of Lee 
Cemetery, just then laid out. He was successful, 
and here he remained till his death on the 28th ult. 
His talent as a gardener, and his courteous, gentle¬ 
manly demeanour to everyone earned him the satis¬ 
faction and confidence of his employers, as well as 
the friendship of all with whom he came in contact. 
- - • » - - 
Questions ADD AQSOJeHS 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers he so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
[ Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniumi. 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.} 
Caterpillars on Morelia Cherries — C.A. : The 
curious creature sent with the brush-like tufts of 
hairs on its head, back, and tail, is the caterpillar 
of the Vapourer Moth (Orgyia antiqua). There 
should be no difficulty in reducing the caterpillars 
to a minimum by hand picking, seeing that they are 
so conspicuous and easily seen. In case your hands 
may be sensitive and liable to irritation from the 
hairs on the caterpillars you can use gloves while 
picking them. By destroying them at once you will 
save much trouble afterwards by the laying of eggs 
and the hatching of the grubs later on. You may 
also find clusters of eggs on tufts of wool, laid by the 
wingless and inconspicuous females of other broods. 
The tufts of wool consists of cocoons made by full- 
fed caterpillars that lay up underneath the same to 
pass into the pupa state. By removing these tufts 
of wool, which may be fixed up to almost any garden 
plant, you will thus be destroying pupa and eggs at 
once. After the fruit has been gathered you could 
syringe the trees with Paris-green, if they are still 
infested with caterpillars. 
Ants in a Melon Pit. -T.M.: It would be unadvis- 
able to use any poisonous material in a Melon pit 
or other fruit‘house for fear the ants might carry it 
about. A little paraffin dropped into their burrow 
now and again, if you can find the same, would have 
the effect of making the ants shift their quarters; 
but if they settled in another part of the house the 
nuisance would still remain. You can destroy them 
in large numbers by sinking jars in the beds, partly 
filled with some sweet liquid such as treacle in water, 
London stout or even sugar and water. If you can¬ 
not sink the jars on account of the roots of the 
Melons, then place some sticks so that the ants can 
get to the edge of the jars and topple in in trying to get 
at the liquid. Another plan is to lay about bones 
with a small quantity of meat upon them. When 
these are swarming with ants dip them into boiling 
water. 
Caterpillar on Ragwort.— IF. B. G. : The cater¬ 
pillar you sent us was that of the Cinnabar Moth 
(Callimorpha Jacobaeae, known also by many 
as Euchelia Jacobaeae). It is widely distributed in 
England, but less so in Scotland and Ireland where 
it is regarded as rare. We have also picked it up in 
the south-east corner of Surrey upon the Ragwort 
(Senecio Jacobaeae) its usual food, and the only plant 
that seems recorded for it. Your finding it eating 
Groundsel and Cineraria cruenta would indicate that 
it is unusually [plentiful at Marden Park, and is 
being driven to eat the next best thing it can find, 
namely plants allied to the Ragwort (S. Jacobaeae). 
We do not think it is likely to attack anything but 
Senecios, of which Cineraria cruenta is usually 
regarded as one by many of the best botanists. You 
must therefore keep the Cinerarias out of the way of 
these, intruders, which seldom, we believe, come into 
the garden. The perfect moth flies by day, and is 
very beautiful. We frequently see it in gardens, 
looking for food on which to deposit its eggs probably. 
The forewings are gray with a red stripe near the 
front margin, and the hind wings are red. You may 
regard it is as a friend if you like, but we should 
depend more upon the hoe for cutting down weeds 
than upon the labours of this or any other moth. 
Bracts, Bracteoles, Involucres, Involucels.— 
E. C. H. D. : You are right in your surmise about 
the use of the terms. When applied to the Umbel- 
lifers, for instance, the terms “ bracts " and " in¬ 
volucres ” are applied to the small leaves or organs 
which you find at the base of the primary umbel. 
The terms "bracteoles” and "involucels” are 
diminutives of the words already given, and are 
applied to the organs (when present) at the base of 
the secondary umbels or divisions of the inflores¬ 
cence. Some authors prefer one set of terms and 
others prefer another set to describe the same thing. 
Species of Siam.— E. C. H. D. : The other two 
species to which you refer are S. sisarum and S. 
helenianum. The former is a native of China and is 
cultivated as a vegetable, under the name of Skirret, 
being used much in the same way as Parsnips. It 
has been more or less cultivated in this country 
since 1548. The latter is a native of the island of St. 
Helena. Since the statement was made that there were 
only four known species, others have been discovered, 
namely, S. Burchelli (Island of St. Helena), S. cali- 
fornicum (California), Carsonii (N.W. America), 
cicutaefolium (North Temperate regions), and nine 
others. Of course, many of them are closely allied 
and much alike. We shall make enquiries about 
your other question. 
Ornus rotundifolia — Sigma : This is a garden name 
for Fraxinus Ornus var. latifolia. It has also been 
named Fraxinus rotundifolia in gardens, Paxton 
had merely been quoting this name though not 
otherwise responsible for it. Mistakes like these are 
frequently made in gardens. 
Insect in Pear.— M. M’Laren : The young Pear 
you sent us was partly dried up and black before it 
reached us, but from 'what you say, and from the 
appearance of its work in the Pear we have little 
doubt that it was the larva of the Codlin Grub 
(Carpocapsa Pomonella) which is widely distributed 
in this country as well as on the Continent and in 
America. The larva appears in June and July, and 
may be found in Apples and Pears up to August and 
September, if not later. Some believe there are two 
broods, one in early summerjand one in early autumn. 
The perfect moths may be found in August and 
September. The larvae cause the Apples to 
become what is termed worm-eaten. All such, and 
the early fruits that drop should be destroyed by 
burning, by burying them deeply or giving them to 
pigs to eat. This will prevent the pupae from passing 
through their various stages and laying up to pass 
the winter and commence their depredations again. 
On a large scale Apple trees are sprayed in America 
soon after the flowers have dropped, and a second or 
even third time later on. This is done with London 
Purple at the rate of 1 lb. in 200 gallons of water, 
using a proper spraying machine. You can do much, 
however, by destroying all fallen Apples and Pears. 
Cultivation of Acacia riceana — M. M’Laren; 
We never experienced any difficulty in the growing 
and flowering of this plant, even when it only got 
indifferent treatment. We frequently meet with it 
in greenhouses in various parts of Britain, and it is 
always healthy, and flowers most profusely. We 
can quite understand your desire to put such a 
beautiful plant in your dwelling-room, but that was 
where the mistake commenced. You should have 
kept it in the greenhouse till it came into bloom, and 
you could then have taken it indoors in spring till 
the flowers were over. It is a native of Tasmania, 
where it gets far more light and direct sunshine than 
it can get here in winter. Then it wants a free play 
of air about it, and the roots to be kept moderately 
dry during winter. By placing a saucer under the 
pot, the water was retained too long about the roots, 
which were no doubt the first part of the plant to 
suffer aud die. You should treat it more like a 
Heath in winter in the greenhouse. The roots must 
be kept continually moist, but all surplus water 
should be allowed to drain away immediately. 
Names of Plants.— L. M .: 1, Veronica agrestis; 
2, Euphorbia exigua; 3, Trifolium procumbens; 4, 
Caucalis nodosa; 5, Crithmum maritimum; 6, 
Cargx extensa; 7, Tilia vulgaris.—IF. ft.: 1, Cam¬ 
panula persicifolia grandiflora alba; 2, Geranium 
Endressii; 3.Veronica spicata; 4,Lilium umbellatum; 
5, Eychnis Flos Jovis; 6, Lathyrus latifolius.— J. R .: 
The green form is Zenobia speciosa, and Z. cassine- 
folia and Andromeda cassinefolia are merely 
synonyms. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 
970, under the latter name. The form with the 
powdery-looking white leaves is Zenobia speciosa var. 
pulverulenta.— A. J. : 1, Spiraea ariaefolia; 2, Jas- 
minum revolutum ; Daboecia polifolia; 4,Rhododen¬ 
dron ferrugineum; 5, Kalmia angustifolia rubra; 6, 
LOnicera alpigena; 7, Symphoricarpus orbiculatus 
variegatus.— R. M.: 1, Tilia cordata; 2, Tilia vul¬ 
garis; 3, Sambucus racemosa serratifolia; 4, 
Teucrium fruticans.— J. H B.\ 1, Cypripedium cal¬ 
losum; 2, Dendrobium Pierardi; 3, Oncidium 
maculatum ; 4, Angraeceum falcatum; 5, Den¬ 
drobium moschatum ; 6, Masdevallia harryana var. 
L.M .: 1, Sedum album ; 2, Coronilla varia; 3, Aren- 
aria serpyllifolia; 4, Echium vulgare; 5, Galega 
officinalis; 6 , Mimulus moschatus.—O mega: 1, The 
Hemlock (Conium maculatum); 2, Hemerocallis 
fulva.— W.M.M.: 1, Spiraea filipendula flore pleno; 
2, Veronica Teucrium latifolia ; 3, Tellima grandi- 
flora; 4, Funkia lancifolia albo-marginata. 
Communications Received. —W. S.—E. Webb & 
Sons.—W. B. H.—S. C.—E. G. Sheppard (See next 
week's issue). — Cyril Harding.—Parks . — W, 
Gardener.—L. Brown—J. Douglas.—J. C. B.— 
A L.—C. M. 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, 
Surrey.—List of Carnations, Tree Carnations, 
Picotees, and Auriculas. 
CLAY’S MANURES. 
LONDON# 
LAYS’ SUCCESSFUL 
W Is, post free. GARDENING 
A*** 
+Tl 
LAY & SON, Stratford, London, E. 
TRADE MARK 
TRADE MARK. 
Messrs. Dicksons, Limited,Chester, write: "The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied us with are light, 
strong, and well made, and in every respect highly satisfactory. , , . ... 
Messrs. Richard Smith & Co , Worcester: write: * We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your Garden 
Pots. They are well made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any other we have ever used. . 
Messrs. Fisher, Son &Sibray, Ld., Handsworth Nurseries, Sheffield, write. We have pleasure in testi¬ 
fying that after having used your pots for the past twenty-five years we have found them ail that could be desired. 
