July 22 •; 1899. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
789 
BEGONIAS. RARE SINGLE TULIPS. 
NE WEST DAFFODIL S. 
H ARTLAND’S LIST for 1899 and 1900 
now ready. Most beautifully illustrated from photos 
taken at Ard Cairn. Write— 
Wm. Baylor Hartland, 
Ard Cairn, Cork. Seed Warehouse-Patrick St. 
ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!! 
Quantity Immense! 
INSPECTION of OUR NEW RANGE of 
HOUSES 
IS CORDIALLY INVITED BY 
HUGH LOW & CO., 
Basil Hill Park. Mlddle.ex 
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, aid CILCEOLARIAS. 
H. CANNELL & SONS 
Have now a very grand lot from their well-known 
best strains in existence. 
Calceolarias and Cinerarias at 2/- per 
doz.; in pots, 3/6. 
Primulas, new star kinds, Lady E. Djke, Lady 
M. Marsham, Lady Whitehead, and Mrs. R. 
Cannell, at 3/- per doz.; in pots, 4/6. 
Primula The Lady Improved, 2/- per doz ; in 
pots, 3/6. 
Illustrated and Descriptive List of these elegant pyramidal 
decorative Primulas Post Free. 
Our dwarf Sinensis kinds, possessing such colours 
and merits not found in any other collection, also 
supplied at 2/- per doz ; in pots, 3/6. 
SWANLEY, KENT. 
ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!! 
Den. Bensonae, 1/6, 2/6, 3/6. 
„ Crassmode, 1/6, 2/6, 3/6. 
,, nobile tour superior type), 2/-, 3/-, 4/-, 6/-. 
Thunia Bensonae, each, 2/6. 
„ Marshallianum, each, 2 /-. 
(.ilium Nepalense, 2/6 to 5 /-. 
„ Wallichianum, 2/6 to 6/-. 
J. w. Moore, Ltd , Orchid Importers, Rawdon, Nr. Leeds. 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of 5* pages and eover 
Exponent of scientific and high-farming; advocate of oo-opera 
tion in agrloulture, in the supply of farm requisites and the sale 
of produce; organ of the Agricultural and Horticultural Associ¬ 
ation, the pioneer society tor mutual supply of pure oilcakes 
complete manures,reliable seeds and Implements on wholesale 
terms. Specimen copy free. Subscription per annum, 5s. 
Inclusive of postage. Single Copies 6 d. each, through all 
Newsagents.— 3, Agar Street. Strand, London. W.C. 
THE CARNATION ; ITS HISTORY, 
PROPERTIES, and MANAGEMENT; with a de- 
criptive list of the best varieties In cultivation. By E. S. 
Dodwell. Third edition, with supplementary chapter on the 
yellow ground. Price is. 6 d .; post tree, is. 7 d —PUB¬ 
LISHER, 5 & 6, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C. 
WEBBS’SEEDS 
XA/E7RRQ’ 
EMPEROR CABBAGE. 
The Earliest and Best. 
6d. and Is. per packet; Is. 6d. per oz. 
“ I gained First Prize with Webbs’ Emperor Cabbage, 
also First Prize with Webbs’ Tripoli Onion at the Red Hill 
and Reigate Society's Show, and I had to compete with 
over 900 entries.”—MR. W. HUMPHREY, Earlswood. 
WEBBS', WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. 
ORCHIDS. 
Clean Healthy Plants at Low Prices. 
Always worth a visit 0/ inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue, 
JAMES CYPHER, 
Exotic Knrserles, CHELTENHAM, 
CUTBUSH’S 
MILLTRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. 
Everyone can readily grow Mush¬ 
rooms, and by using this Spawn will 
ensure success. All growers speak 
in the highest possible praise of the 
quality. Numerous testimonials. 
None genuine unless in sealed pack¬ 
ages and printed cultural directions 
enclosed, with onr Signature attached. 
Price 6s. per bushel, or is. per cake, 
free per parcels post. 
Wm. CUTBUSH & SON, 
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. 
Highgate Nurseries, LONDON, N., and Barnet, HERTS. 
CARMICHAEL’S SEEDLING STRAWBERRIES. 
1 Princess of Wales, 2 Queen of Denmark, 
Richard Gilbert, Britannia, Miss Knoliys. 
Retail price, 15 /- per 100. All named laid runners. 
C. A. M. Carmichael, 25 plants, 25 /- per 100. 
Duke of Montrose, 25 plants, 25 /- per 100. 
The above two new seedlings are grand distinct 
sorts being a cross between Queen of Denmark and 
Richard Gilbert. As the stock is limited orders will 
be booked and sent out as received. 
SPECIAL QUOTATIONS TO THE TRADE. 
Printed Lists may be obtained by application to 
WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, 
14, Pitt Street, Edinburgh. 
TRADE MARK. 
•.VAV 
*A 
& 
-V 
nLQNDONg 
TRADE MARK 
CLAY’S MANURES. 
C LAYS’ SUCCESSFUL 
Is, post free. GARDENING 
QlAY & SON, Stratford, London, E. 
XL 
VAPORISING 
FUMIGATORS 
(WILL LAST FOR YEAR8.) 
To do 5,000 cubic feet of space at 
a time, 2/- each. 
To do 2,000 cubic feet, 1/9 each. 
SPECIAL AMATEUR size of 
the above, 9d. each complete 
—Fumigator, Compound, and 
Wax Burner, for 500 cubic ft. 
FROM ALL NURSERYMEN 
SEEDSMEN & FLORISTS. 
RICHARDS’ PATENT. NO. 11.297. 
ALL 
FIIMIGATOB 
COMPOUND 
For using in the Fumlgators. 
Bottle. Enough for cubic feet. 
FROM ALL NURSERYMEN, 
SEEDSMEN & FLORISTS. 
From Mr. Samuel Heaton, Hon. Sec. of Isle of Wight Horticultural Improvement Association. 
Dear Sir, June 6th, 1899. 
I am pleased to inform you that your XL ALL (as obtained from your agents) is meeting 
with great approval in the island. Scores of our members are using it and find it most serviceable in 
the destruction of greenhouse pests. 
G. H. RICHARDS, Manufacturer & Patentee, Southwark St., LONDON, 
Telegraphic Address *' VAPORIZING-, LONDON.’’ s,s, 
Gardening is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man.”—B acon. 
<r# ( 
Edited by J. FRASER, F.L.S. 
SATURDAY , JULY 22nd, 1899. 
NEXT WEEK’S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Tuesday, July 25th.—R.H.S. Meeting at Drill Hall; Tibshelf 
Rose Show ; Southern Counties Carnation Society's Show 
at Southampton. 
Wednesday, July 26th.—Beckenham Show; Redhill, Reigate 
and District Carnation and Picotee Show at Redhill. 
Thursday, July 27th.—Kenilworth Show; St. Ives (Hunts.) 
Show; Tiverton Show. 
YBRIDISATION AND CROSS-BREEDING.- 
We continue our remarks on this sub¬ 
ject, which were commenced in last week’s 
issue, chiefly to call attention to the con¬ 
dition in which we find some of the more 
common and highly improved modern races 
of garden plants. The term “ common ” is 
synonymous with “ popular,” and corres¬ 
ponds to the frequency with which such 
plants are cultivated in gardens. As in the 
case of garden Primulas we shall mention 
some other garden subjectswhich tend most to 
demonstrate the limitations of hybridisation 
proper, and extol the superiority of cross¬ 
breeding for garden purposes. This is not 
meant to imply that hybridisation cannot 
be effected, but that the immediate results 
destroy the decorative value of such sub¬ 
jects for garden purposes. Nor would we 
maintain that beautiful garden races could 
not be produced by hybridisation, but 
merely assert that the primary results have 
the effect of discouraging horticulturists, so 
that most of them relinquish their efforts in 
the initial stages, and follow the customary 
practice of breeding from the most highly 
evolved or best forms of existing strains. 
f ARNATioNs and Pinks.— Many of the 
species of Dianthus hybridise readily ; 
and occasionally we hear of hybrids between 
the Pink and the Carnation, but hitherto 
we have failed to notice any evidence of 
it in the different strains of the. modern 
garden races. Dianthus Caryophyllus 
(Carnation) and D. plumarius (Pink) belong 
to two very distinct sections of the genus, 
the petals of the former being beardless, 
and of the latter bearded. In some of the 
white varieties of Pink,such as Mrs.Sinkins, 
the beard is practically absent, but a 
greenish blotch marks the spot where it 
should he, and we prefer to regard the 
petal as bald, rather than a sign of hybridity. 
The beard is usually sufficiently well marked 
in those varieties which have a dark centre 
or zone, and in the laced Pinks it is well 
developed, notwithstanding the highly 
evolved condition of the race from a garden 
point of view. According to Mr. F. N. 
Williams^ who mographed the genus 
Dianthus, the production of hybrids can 
no longer be prevented by their own pollen, 
five or six hours after the stigmas are in a 
receptive condition. If this applies to the 
two species under notice, it would lead one 
to infer that hybrids between them should 
be frequent in gardens where they are so 
often cultivated side by side. Should this 
actually be the case then they must as 
frequently be destroyed as worthless by 
those engaged in the raising of superior new 
varieties. An artifically produced hybrid 
