850 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
January 30, 1897. 
Questions add AnsraeRS 
Will our friends who send us newspapers he so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged b\ their so doing. 
[ Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.'] 
Grubs Under Old Leaves .—James Dymock : The dark 
coloured grubs you sent us are known as Leather 
Jackets, and are the larvae of Daddy Long Legs 
(Tipula oleracea).The grubs are very destructive to 
the roots of grass, and to various garden subjects 
including Carnations. They are not very particular 
as to what they eat in the way of vegetation of any 
kind, and prove a veritable pest, more particularly 
in damp situations, where they often abound in 
hundreds or thousands, according to the extent of 
ground infested. You cannot do better than destroy 
all of them you can find, and save all further bother 
with them. The yellow grubs you sent along with 
the above were wireworms. They also should be 
destroyed, as their destructiveness is well known. 
Those you sent were about full grown. They feed 
on the roots of vegetation for three years. The cold 
weather is making them dormant or inactive, but as 
soon as the temperature rises, they will commence 
feeding again. 
Caterpillars on Roses.— James Dymock : The slate- 
coloured grubs you sent have nothing to do with the 
mutilation of the leaves of your Roses in summer ; 
they cannot leave the ground. The caterpillars that 
infest Roses, are very numerous in kind ; but most 
of them maybe destroyed by s) ringing or dusting 
with some of the numerous insecticides in use. 
Before the Roses are in bloom, or at any time during 
the season, when caterpillars are present, you may 
syringe the bushes with a decoction of White 
Hellebore powder. This is a poisonous drug, and 
should be used carefully. To make a decoction, pour 
two gallons of boiling water over one ounce of the 
drug ; stir the mixture, then cover the vessel with a 
slate or board, and leave it to cool. Add an ounce 
of glue that has previously been dissolved, then pour 
in sufficient water to make the mixture up to three 
gallons. This insecticide kills by contact with the 
insects or by being eaten. Persian insect powder, 
Dalmatian insect powder, and Buhach are made 
from the powdered flower heads of several species of 
Pyrethrum, and may be used in the same way as 
White Hellebore. They are not poisonous except to 
insects. A simpler way is to syringe the bushes and 
then dust them with the powder. Be sure you get 
the powder good. 
Derivation of Orchid. — J. M. : This word and 
all other compounds in which the same etymological 
root occurs are derived from the Greek orchis, in 
allusion to the shape of the root as found in Orchis 
maculata, O. mascula and O. latifolia. Orchid is 
the root of the word as shown in the genitive, dative, 
or accusative case, as for instance orchis becomes 
orchidis, orchidi and orchidem in the three cases men¬ 
tioned. 
Origin of the old Primula sinensis alba plena.— 
J. M. would feel greatly indebted to anyone who 
could tell him where and when this popular old 
variety originated, or by whom it was raised. 
An idea is prevalent that its origin is lost in 
obscurity. 
Cubic feet of Air in a house— J. W., Ealing : In 
the case of a lean-to house 34 (t. long, 10 ft. high at 
the back, and 12 ft; wide, take half the height (5 ft.) 
and multiply 34 with it. This will give 170, which 
multiplied by 12 will give 2,040 cubic feet. In like 
manner a house 36 ft. long, by 10 ft. high at the 
back, and 12 ft. wide will give 2,160 cubic feet. 
This will be correct provided the roof slopes 
gradually from the top to the ground line. If, on 
the contrary, the houses have eaves standing at some 
height from the ground, this would alter the figures 
to some extent, and it would be necessary to measure 
their height before a correct calculation could be 
made. If you want this, measure the height of the 
houses from the ground to the eaves (inside measure¬ 
ment), and send us the particulars. 
Size for Orange Boxes. — Omega : It is difficult or 
impossible to say how much larger the new boxes 
should be than the old ones, without knowing the 
size of the latter, and the size, age, and vigour of the 
trees. For young trees of vigorous growth we should 
give a greater shift than in the case of old trees that 
are not desired to be much larger. It is a point that 
can best be settled by the discretion of the gardener 
on the spot. If the trees are about as large as you 
have convenience for, we should reduce the balls 
somewhat 33d put the trees in the same size of tub. 
Supposing me trees are of moderate size and healthy 
you may allow ij in. to 3 in, of space all round the 
ball, in making the new boxes. 
Square perches in a piece of ground — Omega : 
A piece ot ground measuring 54 ft. by 42 ft. would 
contain perches. 
Scions for grafting.— Omega : If you mean the 
scions of Apples, Pears, or Vines, then take them off 
and lay them in by the heels at once. Scions of 
Oranges and other evergreen trees should not be 
taken otf till wanted. 
Names of Plants — J. L. : 1, Odontoglossum luteo- 
purpureum var.; 2, Odontoglossum luteo-purpureum 
sceptrum ; 3, Oncidium Cheirophorum.— J.C.: 1, 
Doodiaaspera ; 2, Blechnum occidentale ; 3,Lomaria 
ciliata ; 4, Polypodium liDgua ; 5, Davallia elegans. 
— W. W. : 1, Eupatorium riparium, 2, Polypodium 
subauriculatum; 3, Pelargonium denticulatum ; 4, 
Pelargonium Radula; 5, Oxalis floribunda; 6, Oxalis 
valdiviensis.— A. Henderson'. 1, Rivina laevis; 2, 
Selaginella Martensi robusta ; 3, Dracaena rubra; 
4, Aralia Veitchi. 
Address of Correspondent.— J. Parnell : The 
name you refer to as appearing in this column some 
weeks ago was J. EIsod, and not the man you intend. 
We do not know the address of Mr. J. Elsom, whose 
name appears in the Kew Guild, but without any 
fuller address than Australia. Evidently nobody in 
this country knows his address, beyond the fact that 
he went to Australia. 
Cockroaches in a stove.— J. A. : Searching for 
and killing these pests when found must be a mere 
labour of love, as it can neither pay nor prove 
effective. They quickly disappear when a light is 
turned upon them at night, so that we fear, judging 
by experience, they will breed as fast as you kill 
them. Several methods of poisoning them and 
trapping them are adopted. A very effective method 
is to lay bits of phosphorus paste on crocks or pieces 
of tile laid about in their haunts just before leaving 
off work, and then collect them in the morning to 
put in a safe place for the day. By eating this they 
will die by hundreds. There must be nothing in the 
house to which the paste might be carried by the 
cockroaches, if that is used as food for animals of any 
kind. Pyrethrum powder or Buhach is not poisonous, 
and may be dusted about in every crack and crevice 
of the house where the cockroaches can take shelter. 
Clear away loose rubbish of all kinds about the 
bouse, and fill up all cracks and crevices with cement 
or mortar. Both phosphorus paste and Buhach 
powder, we believe, can be obtained from the local 
chemist. If you explain what the powder is wanted 
for you might be able to get it under another name, 
for it is made in different countries, and gets many 
names. Your other request we shall remember when 
opportunity serves. 
Catillac Pear not ripening— Pyrus : Stewing 
Pears never ripen, and this is one of them. If 
you keep the fruits long enough they will either decay 
and become rotten, or they will shrivel up according 
as you keep them in a moist or dry atmosphere. 
They never become soft and eatable like Williams’ 
Bon Chretien or Louise Bonne, of Jersey. They 
may be stewed or otherwise cooked, however, soon 
after they are gathered, and during the time they 
keep sound and in good condition. Look up your 
lists and you will see that Catillac is described as a 
stewing Pear. 
Communications received.—W. Swan.—W. B. G. 
—Croton.—Mum.—E. Webb & Sons.—W. Norman 
Brown. — C. Darmer. — Sutton & Sons. — 
A. J.—C. W.—H. M. 'L.—S. H — W. G.—B. S — 
X.—F. Ames.—W. Johnson.—Meg —Mum.—R. O. 
— Scottie.—T. Benham. 
— «». 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Wm. C- G. Ludford, F.R.H.S., Fern Lee, Four 
Oaks, Sutton Ccldfield, near Birmingham.—List of 
Rare, Curious, and Beautiful Cacti and Succulent 
Plants. 
The Leeds Orchid Company, Roundhay, 
Leeds.—Catalogue of Orchids, and Copies of Testi¬ 
monials. 
Thos. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, 
London.—Catalogue of Chrysanthemums, Lilies, 
Calochortus, Begonias, &c.; also Catalogue of 
Vegetable and Flower Seeds. 
John Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh.— 
Begonias and new dwarf Cannas. 
Francis G. E. Bonnett, Heathfield, Sussex, 
England.—List of Choice Garden Seeds, and Garden 
Requisites. 
Dobbie & Co., Rothesay.—Dobbie's Farm-Seed 
List, and Farmers' Guide. 
B. R. Davis, Yoevil Nurseries, Yoevil, Somerset, 
—B. R. Davis's Gold Medal Begonias. 
Edward Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge.— 
Spring Catalogue. 
Fotheringham & King, Corn Exchange,Dumfries. 
—Seed L ; st. 
John Turner, North Street, Wetherby, Yorks.— 
Catalogue of Vegetable, Flower and Farm Seeds. 
Charles Walker, F.R.H.S., 93a, Fishergate, 
Preston.—Vegetable and Flower Seefs, and Horti¬ 
cultural Sundries. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
January 2gth, 1897. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Pkices. 
>. d S. d 
Apples.per bushel 264 
Black Currants J sieve 
Red „ i sieve 
Cherries half sieve... 
Nova Scotia Apples 
per barrel 
Cob Nuts 
per ioolbs 50 0 
J. d. 1. d 
Grapes, per lb . 10 1 g 
Pine-apples . 
—St. Michael s each 26 60 
Plums per J sieve. 
Strawberries, per lb. 
| Tasmanian Apples 
per case 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
r. d. i. d. 
ArtichokesGlobedoz. 20 30 
Asparagus,per bundle 
Beans, French, per 
ha t sieve 2629 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Brussel Sprouts, 
per half sieve 16 19 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunco o 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 2030 
Celery.per hurdle 1 0 
Cucumbers per doz. 16 30 
Endive, French, djz. 1 6 
>, d. s. d. 
Kerbs .per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 1 3 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 0 
Onions.per bunoh 64 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen 1 b 
St-akale...per basket 
Smallsaiadlng,punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 20 23 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 3 04 
Turnips.per bun. 3 0 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d 
Arnm Lilies, lablms. 30 60 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 16 30 
Azalea, doz. sprays... 06 10 
Bcuvardlas, per bun. 06 09 
Carnations doz.blms. 16 30 
Chrysanthemums, doz. 
blooms 1040 
Chrysanthemums, doz. 
bnches. 3060 
Euoharls ...per doz 30 40 
Gardenias ...per doz. 40 So 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 60 90 
Hyacinths (Roman) 
doz. sprays 0 6 10 
Lllium longtflorum 
per doz. 40 80 
Lilac, White (French) 
per bnch. 3050 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 06 10 
Mrrgueiites, 12 bun. 20 40 
MaiUennalrFern,i2bs.4 080 
Mimosa, per bnch, ...10 16 
.<. d. s. d. 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 12 o 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 60 90 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 20 40 
Roses (indoor), doz. 10 16 
,, Tea,white, doz. 1020 
„ Niels . 60 90 
,, Safraro . 10 20 
„ (English), 
Red Roses, doz.10 16 
Pink Roses, doz. 30 50 
Smilax, per bunch ...40 70 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms .10 16 
Primula, double, doz. 
sorays 06 09 
Poinsettia, doz blms. 40 90 
Violets (French) per 
doz. bnches. 1016 
Violets (English) per 
doz. bnches. 1626 
Violets (Parma) per 
bnch. 30 40 
Violets Czar, large, per 
bnch, 20 30 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesali Prices 
j. d. 1 . d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) 
per doz. 6 0 12 o 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 0 
„ speoimen 30 50 
Azalea, per plant. 20 36 
Chrysanthemums, per 
doz. 60 90 
Cyclamen,per doz.... 9 o 15 0 
Dtacaena, various, 
per doz. 12 o 30 0 
Dracaena vlridls.doz. 90180 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 0 18 0 
Evergreens,Invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Erica Hyemalis, per 
doz. 12 0 15 0 
Erica, per dcz. 9 o 12 o 
1. d, 1. i. 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 012 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 40 f 0 
Ficus elastica, each 10 50 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 10 50 
Genista, per doz.10 o 15 0 
Hyacimhs, per doz. ...9 0 12 0 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Marguerite Daisy doz 9 0120 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Palms in variety,each 1 0 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 o 63 0 
Poinsettia, per doz.... 9 o iS 0 
Solanums, per doz. 9 o 12 o 
Tulips, doz. pots.6 090 
INDKX TO 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris. 
...333 
Catalogues. 
Barr & Son . 
Bunyard & Co. 
Carters’ .. 
...337 
Cutbush & Son. 
...338 
Dobbie & Co. 
-339 
Kelway & Son . 
..-337 
Litile & Ballantine. 
C. Sharpe & Co. 
-339 
R. Smith & Co. 
...338 
Sutton & Sons . 
-337 
R. Sydenham . 
—337 
J. Veitch & Sons. 
Webb & Sons . 
•••339 
B. S. Williams & Son 
-339 . 
Chrysanthemums. 
Church Bros. 
■•337 1 
Head Gardener . 
-337 
H.J.Jones. 
R. Owen. 
-337 
W. Welch. 
W. Wells . 
Young & Co. 
337 . 
Florists’ Flowers 
| 
H. Brochner. 
-337 
J. Laing & Sons . 
-339 ’ 
Young & Co. 
-339 
Flower Pots. 
j 
Sankey & Sons, Ltd.... 
-352 
Fruit Trees. 
R. Smith & Co. 
-338 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Insecticides. 
Gishurst Compound.337 
Manures 
Clay & Sen...352 
W. Colchester.337 
Cockburn’s.337 
Ichthemic .338 
Kirk's .337 
Native Guano .351 
H. G. Smyth.351 
W. Thomson & Sons ...352 
W. Wood & Son.352 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold.337 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst, ...337 
Porter’s Crocks.337 
W. Wood & Son .322 
Heating Apparatus. 
W. Cooper, Limited .352 
Thames Bank Iron Co .. 352 
Horticultural Builders. 
T. Boyd & Sons. 337 
W. Clark. 337 
W. Cooper, Ltd.352 
J. Gray.337 
W. Richardson & Co .337 
J. Weeks & Co .337 
Darlington.351 
Epp’s Cocoa.352 
Gishurstlne .337 
Outram’s Holder .351 
Smyth’s Baskets.337 
Orchids 
H. Brochner.337 
J. Cypher .338 
Leeds Orchid Co.337 
W. L. Lewis & Co.337 
P. McArthur.338 
E. Sander & Co .337 
Roses. 
R. Smith & Co...33S 
J. Walters.351 
! Seeds. 
Barr & Son.338 
J- R- Box .337 
Carters’ .339 
H. J. Jones.339 
Little & Ballantine.338 
Rudland .337 
R. Smith & Co.338 
B. Soddy.33S 
Sutton & Sons.337 
R Svdenham ..337 
J. Vtltch & Sons.338 
R. Veitch & Son.338 
Webb’s .3jg 
B. S. Williams & Son ...339 
Young & Co.337 
Strawberries. 
B. G. Berry .337 
J. Chivers .337 
head.537 
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS 
Small Advertisements, solid type, 6d. per line of about nine 
words. Displayed Advertisements, per inch, 6s.; per column 
(12 ins. long), £3 5s.; per halfpage, £5; per page, £g. Special 
quotations given for a series. Gardeners and others Wanting 
Situations thirty words for is. 6d., prepaid. 
GARDENING WORLD" OfRoe, 1, Clement't 
Strand, London, W.C. 
Inn, 
