February 20, 1897. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
397 
Peas (like some other early crops) draws them up 
weekly and renders them subject to injury from the 
elements when they are planted in the open ground. 
Our plan for some years past, for earliest crops, has 
been to sow the seed on rough soil, such as chopped 
turf, placed in shallow boxes, covered with old mush¬ 
room manure, and placed in a late Peach house or 
vinery till the green tops were about two or three 
inches high. Then the Peas were put out under a 
south or west wall till the end of March (using pro¬ 
tection according to weather). Then they were 
planted in a sheltered border, with kindly soil at the 
roots, which are kept intact. 
We have for over a dozen years used Pea trainers 
only. The first expense was considerable, but they 
are still as good as new, and are largely used for the 
protection of flowering plants and tender vegetables, 
when not required, to support the Peas. We sow 
for succession early in February in open borders, 
(also Sweet Peas for cutting) and prefer ground 
moderately rich and well trenched. To be safe from 
drought, deep tilth is imperative; and as Peas often 
are injured on heavy soil by being tightly wedged by 
the soil after rain, we use decayed rubbish or half 
decayed manure, for surfacing after the seed has been 
sown. This is also a protection against drought. 
We prefer sowing every ten or twelve days, and such 
sorts as will succeed closely to each other. Favourite 
dwarf's for earliest use are Chelsea gem, American 
W’onder, and Blue Peter. Taller earlies are Gradus, 
William the First, Sangsters No. r, Dickson's 
favourite, Dr. McLean (our best cropper), Duke of 
Albany, Laxton’s Supreme, Stratagem, Veitch’s Per¬ 
fection and Ne Plus Ultra which have proved the best 
against many others. Mr. Clarke, Messrs. Drum¬ 
mond’s seed manager,Stirling,recommends along with 
these, Duke of York, Criterion, and Sharpe’s Queen. 
I have great confidence in that gentleman’s recom¬ 
mendation. The late Mr. Waterer of Knap Hill 
Nurseries, once told me he sowed regularly Ne Plus 
Ultra for supplying Peas in June.— M. Temple, Canon, 
N.B. 
a stronger constitution. Only a few individuals, we 
take it for granted, first showed increased vigour, 
and were subjected to rigid selection for a number of 
successive years, until the stronger habit and other 
description ; but in this particular case we desire to 
call the attention of our readers to the well-estab¬ 
lished branching habit of the variety when grown 
under suitable conditions, and accorded proper treat¬ 
Veitch’s Exonian. 
CANNELLS’ ENGLISH WONDER. 
We may take it for granted that this originated from 
American Wonder, of which it may be regarded as a 
desired qualities were fixed. The British gardener 
is quick in perceiving a good thing, and ever ready 
to use his best efforts to improve it. Several growers 
have devoted a considerable amount of attention to 
American Wonder and possibly a greater number have 
been selecting English Wonder. The accompanying 
ment. Peas of all kinds are usually too crowded in 
the lines to give the best results. The variety under 
notice is a first early wrinkled Pea, 12 in. to 16 in. 
high, and bearing an abundance of dark green, 
slightly curved pods, well packed with seeds of 
excellent flavour. 
VEITCH’S EXONIAN. 
For some years past this has enjoyed a high reputa¬ 
tion as a first early Pea of a prolific character. It 
is ready for use before William I., but is d.warfer in 
stature, and a wrinkled marrow instead of being a 
round-seeded variety. It received a First-class Certifi¬ 
cate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1887, 
and was first put into commerce by Messrs. R. 
Veitch & Son, Exeter, in 18S8. Since then we have 
frequently seen it grown as an early Pea, growing 
about 3$ ft. high and producing wonderful crops, 
quite putting the old round-seeded early varieties in 
the shade, both with respect to its general appear¬ 
ance and prolific character. The pods a r e of the 
Ne Plus Ultra type, being straight, cylindrical and 
well-packed, with seven to nine peas of excellent 
flavour, resembling that of the well-known variety 
ust mentioned. The peas themselves are of a rich 
dark green, though the haulm, on the contrary, is pale. 
For the requirements of private establishments it is 
well adapted, becauseamenable to good treatment in 
the rich soils of o'd gardens, and well repays liberal 
feeding. A very favourable account was given of it 
jn the Royal Horticultural Society’s report of iheFea 
trials at Chiswick last year. Many cultivators con¬ 
sider it of better flavour than William I., while it is 
dwarfer and comes into use a few days earlier—a 
matter of no small importance to the gardener in the 
season. Seeds so wn in the open ground on January 
6th have given Peas fit for gathering on May 16th. It 
appeared at a time when early varieties of good 
flavour were sorely wanted, bathas since maintained 
its reputation, and is more extensively sown each 
successive year. Messrs. R. Veitch & Sor. have given 
us the opportunity of placing the accompanying 
illustration before our readers. 
Cannells’ English Wonder. 
more vigorous and prolific variety, so that the 
sojourn of the original on this side of the Atlantic, 
and under the influence of the British climate, has 
been favourable to its welfare, giving it, so to speak, 
illustration represents a plant of the strain selected by 
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, who placed it at 
our service. The qualities of this strain or race of Peas 
are so well knowD, as hardly to require comment or 
Salep is a drink curiously resembling cocoa used 
to some extent in the East, although but slightly 
known in England. It is also used as a sweet-scented 
jelly. It contains in small compass a great deal of 
nutritive starch, associated with a peculiar gum. It 
is produced from the tubers of several species of 
Orchis, including O. Morio, O. militaris, and 
maculata. 
