?46 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
July 24, 1897 
to see the fruits hanging by thousands in various 
stages, and everything so clean and nice. 
To carry on such an extensive place the labour is 
a serious matter ; but Mr. Rochford does not believe 
in cheap labour. He believes in paying young and old 
according to their work. Hence he gets the best of 
labour. He has hitherto found great difficulty in 
finding accommodation to house his labour. He has 
now completed rows of cottages with every accommo¬ 
dation and convenience, on the most approved 
principle, for bis married men. For the single men 
he is just completing what I consider a novelty. A 
large and commodious building has just been com¬ 
pleted, a fine lofty building with accommodation for 
upwards of fifty men. There is a fine large dining 
hall where meals will be served at a most moderate 
sum. Good substantial solid living is the motto, 
and the men can get their ale and at cost price. This 
will be under the care of an experienced caretaker. 
There is also a splendid library, he having just pur¬ 
chased a thousand books of various kinds for the 
same Billiard rooms &c. are all on the ground 
floor. Upstairs there is splendid sleeping accommo¬ 
dation there, being 52 single bedrooms furnished in 
a most solid and comfortable manner, lofty, airy and 
well lit up. At the end of each corridor is bath-room 
and lavatory accommodation galore—in fact, quite 
luxuries for working men. This I trust will be fully 
appreciated by them. It shows the noble spirit of 
their liberal employer. His ambition is to live 
and let live and as comfortably as one can. It is 
intended also that lectures and modest amusements 
will be held in this institution from time to time, 
educational to the young men, and at no cost to them 
either. The spacious offices are everything that can 
be desired. 
The necessity of keeping a good stud of horses 
receives attention. A splendid lot of animals, well 
groomed and well housed, is another good feature. 
The packing accommodation is extensive, and every¬ 
thing that is required for that purpose has been well 
studied and carried out. For the accommodation 
of railway goods he has his own sidings, conveniently 
to hand. All the best machinery has been erected 
for various purposes, including the pumping of 
water ; and, which is one of the principal items, this 
is done with safety and ease. The houses are of the 
best workmanship, nothing but 2 roz. glass being used. 
To Mr. Tucker, of Tottenham, is the credit due of 
erecting these splendid specimens of plant-growing 
houses. To Mr. Thomas Rochford, I offer my con¬ 
gratulations upon having the largest, finest, and 
best kept establishment I have ever seen in the whole 
of my horticultural career, either at home or abroad. 
It contains the best stock I have ever seen, and 
suitable for all requirements. To those who intend 
visiting this grand place I may add it will take them 
a full day to go through the houses and see the 
stock ; and should they be as fortunate as I was to 
be conducted round the establishment by the enthu¬ 
siastic owner, they will, I am sure, spend a pleasant 
and most profitable day 
One thing that haunted me when going round was 
the wonderment of where all the produce went to, 
especially when one considers the many hundreds 
there are at the same business. But Mr Rochford 
dispelled all this by stating many times he could 
dispose of double the quantity he can produce. This 
shows that the demand must be much more exten¬ 
sive than is known to many of us. — Alfred Outram, 
F.R.H.S., 7 , Moore Park Road, Fulham, London, S.W. 
-* 5 *- 
EXAMINATION IN HORTICULTURE. 
(Concluded from p. 731). 
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY’S 
EXAMINATION IN HORTICULTURE. 
April 6th, 1897. 
QUESTIONS. 
Eight questions only to be answered; four from Division 
A and four from Division B. 
DIVISION A. 
Elementary Principles. 
1. What are the three chief mineral ingredients of 
a soil ? Name garden plants or shrubs which 
delight in each kind respectively. 
2. What differences may be expected from grow¬ 
ing unripe, perfectly ripe, and long-kept seeds 
respectively ? 
3. In transplanting, why is it necessary to preserve 
the extreme and most delicate tips of the root- 
fibrils ? 
4. Why does covering Rhubarb redden and 
lengthen the leaf-stalks and stop the growth of the 
blade ? 
5. Describe the structure of a Hyacinth bulb, and 
explain why the Dutch method of slashing or hollow¬ 
ing out the bottom induces the formation of bulbils ? 
6. What are the essential conditions for successful 
grafting ? 
7. How does the structure of a Plum differ from 
that of an Apple ? Explain the origin of each. 
8. Name the natural orders or families to which 
the following plants belong;—Cyclamen, Rhododen¬ 
dron, Clematis, Stock, Pelargonium, Borage, Potato, 
Onion, Parsley and Turnip. 
DIVISION B. 
Horticultural Practice. 
9. Explain the process of cross-fertilisation in 
garden flowers, and give examples of both hardy and 
exotic plants that have been improved thereby. 
10. After seed of the Chinese Primula has been 
ripened describe the method of sowing and subse¬ 
quent treatment of the plants up to the period of 
their flowering. 
11. What is the native country of the Celery 
plant, and under what conditions does it grow 
naturally ? Give a short account of its culture, such 
as time of sowing and subsequent treatment. 
12. When and under what conditions is Sea Kale 
found in a wild state ? Describe its culture and 
state the time of the year it is in use. 
13. Where is the common Asparagus said to be 
found in a wild state ? State all you know of its 
culture, and for how long a period it may be had in 
use. 
14. Give an account of the Apple. How are the 
trees propagated ? State what you know of its 
culture, and the diseases to which the trees are liable, 
and the remedies. Name one good cooking variety 
for use in each month from August to April inclusive. 
15. State all you know about the Raspberry. 
What sort of soil is best adapted to its culture ? 
Give method of training and pruning, and the best 
varieties to cultivate, both yellow and red. 
16. Give an account of the usual method of 
Gooseberry culture adopted in gardens ; and also the 
Lancashire method to obtain prize fruit. Name six 
of the best prize varieties and six best for ordinary 
garden culture. 
-- 
SOCIETIES 
NOTTINGHAM HORTICULTURAL, July 14th, 
and 15 th. 
The show of this society, held on the above date in 
the Arboretum, Nottingham, was splendid all round, 
the exhibits being grand. The glorious weather also 
assisted the show. The entries exceeded those of 
any previous year in number and quality. 
Class I. was for a group of stove and greenhouse 
flowering and foliage plants, arranged in a space not 
exceeding 200 sq. ft. The first prize was taken by 
Mr. C. J. Mee, Daybrook Vale ; the second and third 
respectively by Mr. G. B. Worthington and Mr. C. 
J. Cox. For a group of plants, not exceeding 100 sq. 
ft., Mr. J. W. Levers led the way, and was followed 
by Mr. R. Wilkinson and Mr. T. Smith, in the order 
named. 
For six stove and greenhouse plants, three flower¬ 
ing and three foliage, a special prize of a pair of 
handsome Silver Mounted Fishcarvers in a case was 
presented by the Ichthemic Guano Company, as the 
first prize, and this was secured by Mr. C. J. Mee. 
Mr. J. W. Levers took the second place in this 
instance, and was followed by Mr. C. J. Cox. 
For twenty varieties of Roses, arranged on a table 
6 ft. by 4 ft. , the prizes were taken by Mr. G. Taylor, 
Mr. J. Honeyshell and Mr. W. J. Sanders in this 
order. In the class for twelve Roses, the first prize 
was secured by Mr. J. Honeyshell, who was followed 
by Mr. J. Sanders and Mr. E. Parry. 
Considerable interest attached to the class tor a 
collection of indoor grown fruit ; and the premier 
award was secured by Mr. G. B. Worthington, 
beating Mr. E. Parry. Mr. J. G. Ward had the best 
collection of outdoor-grown fruit; and was followed 
by Mr J. Sanders. Mr. E. Parry came to the front 
for two bunches of Black Grapes, and was followed by 
Mr. G. B Worthington and Mr. J. T. Farmer. The 
same order was observed for the first two awards for 
two bunches of White Grapes. 
Mr. J. Baker, of the Asylum Committee, staged 
the best collection of vegetables. He was followed 
by Mr. L. Brown, and Mr. E. Parry, in this order. 
Amongst miscellaneous exhibits not for competition 
a fine group of Gloxinias, Liliums, and Begonias, 
was set up by Mr. S. Harvey, Blyth Street Nurseries, 
Nottingham. Mr.W. Colchester, Ipswich, exhibited 
a fine group of plants grown with pure Ichthemic 
Guano. 
The hon. secretary, Mr. J. M. Steward, was pre¬ 
sented with an Illuminated Address, a gold watch, 
and a gold bracelet for his wife, in recognition of his 
services for the last seven years. The presentation 
took place at a public luncheon, by the Mayor, who 
had previously performed the opening ceremony of 
the show. 
SELBY HORTICULTURAL.— July i 5 th. 
The flower show of the above date was no exception to 
the rule, a very excellent display being made. In 
the open classes for plants in pots, the various ex¬ 
hibits were quite up to the average, but in a few 
classes, more noticeably 1 in that of six Fuschias, 
there was evidence of the damage sustained by 
exhibitors at the recent York Show. In appearance, 
Messrs. Simpson & Son’s six plants, which have 
hitherto always figured prominently at the various 
shows in the district, are utterly ruined—certainly 
for the present season, and it may be difficult to 
recover their original beauty. There were four 
entries for the twelve stove and greenhouse plants, 
in which Mr. H. Harrison Broadley, of Welton 
House (Mr. C. Lawton, gardener), maintained the 
position he has previously held at Selby Show 
with a very effective dozen, Messrs. Simpson 
& Son coming second with an excellent lot, 
and Mr. Jno. Sunley, Monkfryston, being third. 
The group of miscellaneous plants, of 120 sq. ft., 
arranged for effect (open), brought out four com¬ 
petitors, each of whose exhibits was of a most 
creditable order and commanded considerable 
attention on the part of the judges, none less than 
that of the visitors, who, in no stinted manner, 
expressed their admiration. That of Mr. J. S. 
Sharpe, Almondbury, was really a magnificent 
group, whilst those of Messrs. Simpson & Son, and 
Messrs. R. Blackburn & Co., Selby, fell little short 
of it in merit. In the case for groups (80 sq. ft ), by 
gentlemen gardeners, Mr. James Blacker, of Thorpe 
Villas, Selby, exhibited two pretty groups, containing 
some choice Crotons, as well as other fine foliage and 
flowering plants, and was deservedly first. Mr. H. 
Harrison Broadley, of Welton House, Brough, 
however, ran him very close. In other classes of 
plants, those gentlemen already mentioned were the 
principal successful exhibitors, as was also Mr, 
John Sunley, of Monkfryston. 
In cut flowers, the Roses were the prominent 
feature, and Messrs. J. & R. Calaro, of Wakefield, 
and Messrs. Robt. Mack & Son, of Cattrick Bridge, 
were the successful exhibitors, carrying off first and 
second respectively in each class. The wreaths of 
Messrs. Shaw & Son, Leeds, and Messrs. Calam 
were really magnificent specimens of the florists’ art, 
and the same may be said of the various exhibits of 
bouquets, epergnes, etc. 
Fruits and vegetables were all fairly represented in 
the open classes, in which it only remains to mention 
the specimens of hardy flowers shown by Messrs. 
Webb & Sod, of Stourbridge, who were represented 
by Mr. Andrew, of Doncaster. In the amateur 
classes the plants in pots and cut flowers were only 
moderate, with the exception of the Roses, which 
were better than have been shown in these classes 
for some years past. Mr. J. K. Burton, of Selby, 
and Messrs. Tattersall, of Thorne, were the principal 
exhibitors here. The garden produce was exceedingly 
fine. The Ichthemic Guano Co. were also repre¬ 
sented by a very creditable display staged by Mr. J. 
W. Beasley, of Selby. The judges were : — 
Flowers, fruit and vegetables : Open classes—Mr. 
W. Link, Everingham, York ; Mr. J. W. Frankland 
(gardener to Sir John Barran, Bart., Chapel Aller- 
ton Hall, Leeds). Amateur classes—Mr. Charles 
Lawton (gardener to Mr. H. Harrison-Broadley, 
J.P., Welton House, Brough) ; Mr. G. Cottam, 
Alma Gardens, Cottingham, Hull 
NATIONAL VIOLA.— July 17th. 
The annual show of this society was held in the 
gardens of the Royal Botanic Society in fine 
weather, in fact, too fine for Violas, which delight in 
a cool moist atmosphere. The exhibits were 
