July 24, 1897. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
749 
Passing on to tttfe reproductive series of organs, 
Professor Henslow remarked that bracts are usually 
metamorphosed leaf stalks, as in the common Helle¬ 
bore. 
Colour is developed in the corolla for the purpose 
of attracting insects, but occasionally it is exhibited 
by other parts, as in the well-known bracts of Poin- 
settia and in Cornus. The bracts of the latter often 
so closely imitated the flower as to be mistaken for 
it. Not infrequently some of the stamens change into 
a pistil. In other cases pistils have turned into 
stamens, or into petals. In Begonia the stamens 
sometimes produce pistils on their tops. Occa¬ 
sionally ovules become petals, or the latter may all 
become like ordinary foliage leaves, as in the instance 
of the green Rose. Thus everywhere might be seen 
instances of the mutual accommodation between the 
various organs composing a plant. 
Throughout the lecture the interest of the audience 
never flagged, and the remarks of the lecturer were 
rendered clearer by numerous illustrations and dried 
specimens of the numerous plants dealt with. 
A vote of thanks to the Rev. Professor Henslow 
proposed from the chair at the close was passed en¬ 
thusiastically. 
--- 
SWANLEY HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE. 
Distribution of Prizes. 
Previous to the commencement of this function in 
the grand ball of the college we had just time for a 
few minutes’ inspection of the exhibits in one of the 
side rooms and the glasshouses, in company with 
the gardener or practical instructor. The exhibits 
from the gardens included a fine display of Potatos, 
Onions, Tomatos, Scarlet Runners, Peas, Cucum¬ 
bers, Sutton’s Miniature Marrow Cabbage and other 
vegetables; also Peaches, Grapes, Raspberries, Red 
and Black Currants, and other fruits. The dinner 
table decorations arranged by the lady students were 
very gracefully and tastefully set up, attracting a con¬ 
siderable amount of attention. 
We next visited a bouse containing Melons and 
Asparagus (Myrsiphyllum) medeoloides, then another 
filled with well flowered Gloxinias arranged amongst 
Ferns, Asparagus and Celosias. A stove is filled with 
Crotons, Dracaenas and Asparagus. Experiments 
with Cucumbers w ere being conducted here, and with 
Tomatos in another house by the process known as 
water culture. A fine sight was presented by a house 
of Lockie’s Perfection Cucumber, bearing a heavy 
crop of fruits. All the fruit houses are each ioo ft. 
long. 
Four rows of Tomatos, consisting of Sutton’s Per¬ 
fection and Sutton’s Abunlance, bore remarkable 
crops of fruit, but particularly the last named. 
Maidenhair Ferns occupy the body of three houses 
beneath Vines which are bearing a heavy crop of 
fruit; and elsewhere beneath Cucumbers. Black 
Hamburgh in another close by was nearly ripe. Four 
houses are occupied with Cucumbers planted out and 
in various stages of progress. They are all in remark¬ 
able health and vigour. Three other houses are 
filled with Tomatos in various stages of growth. 
Peaches in pots occupy one house, while the trees 
in another house are laden with an enormous crop 
of fruit, more in fact, than would be permitted to 
hang on the trees by gardeners in private estab¬ 
lishments. The fruits, to the number of 3,000, in 
the early house have been gathered, which will 
give an idea of the weight of the crop. Hales 
Early, Early Louise and Noblesse, are some of 
the varieties grown. 
At 3.30 p.m. the chair was taken by Lord Carlisle, 
who intimated that he was not a specialist in the 
horticultural question, but would preface his remarks 
by the well known quotation from Bacon, com¬ 
mencing, " God Almighty first planted a garden, 
&c.” Gardening in some form or other has been 
appreciated in every age of the world. At the present 
time it is the most universal taste prevailing in 
cottage and hall, from a small greenhouse to a lordly 
conservatory. He was afraid that modern commerce 
and utilitarianism would tend largely to crush out 
the beautiful in gardening. In the question of 
modern tendencies, he would refer not alone to 
market gardening and allied industries, but to the 
national disgrace accruing to us from the great im¬ 
portations of things which we ought to grow. He 
could not believe that, with our climate and other 
conveniences, we cannot compete with the foreigner. 
Education was relatively slow in horticul ural 
matters, and did not receive that encouragement 
which other occupations did. Schools are growing up 
in towns to encourage arts and crafts, but gardening 
is overlooked in that respect. 
There was another side to the question to which 
he wished to allude, namely, the women’s side. The 
pursuit is obviously a good one for women, and he 
was pleased to hear that in practice it had proved 
so. It had been said that women as gardeners would 
tend to lower the salary accorded to men, but the 
facts are that women were receiving as good pay. 
Women were particularly suited for one branch of 
the profession such as floral decorations, as was 
shown at the competitions. He himself came as a 
sympathiser and not as an expert, though he wished 
to learn more about the gardening question. 
F. Graham Powell Esq., the resident principal of 
the college, then read bis report, in which he stated 
that during the year there had been a mean annual 
average of forty-five students at the classes, eighteen 
men and twenty-seven women. One important 
particular was that they had been finding places for 
their qualified students after leaving the college. 
They do not profess to send out competent gardeners, 
but only young men and women well grounded in 
the science and practice of their profession. Some 
of the subjects taught were botany, chemistry, 
geology, physics, mensuration, decorations, &c. The 
directors were pleased that the men students had 
vindicated their honour at the May examination of 
the Royal Horticultural Society. Mr. Langford had 
taken full marks. The medal of that society had 
twice come to the college during the last three 
years. At this point Lady Cecilia Roberts dis¬ 
tributed the prizes to the successful students. Sir 
John Farnaby Lennard, the Chairman of the Kent 
County Council, then addressed the audience, after 
which Miss Goodrich-Freer took the platform and 
spoke in complimentary terms of the diligence and 
perseverance of several of the students. This year 
had been characterised by the quality of the men at 
the classes, though a number of the women students 
were close up. She humorously put it, however, that 
the lady students could afford to allow this concession 
to down-trodden man. Some extra prizes were 
accorded for collections of wild flowers, dried 
plants, table decorations, &c. 
List of Prize Winners, July, 1897. 
Silver Gilt Medal and Chiswick 
Scholarship Royal Horticultural 
Society 
• • . . 
Mr Langford. 
Microscopic Botany 
Mr. Langford. 
Horticultural Chemistry 
. . . , 
Mr. Goodlet. 
Theoretical Chemistry, 1st year .. 
Miss Bryson. 
,, ,, 2nd year.. 
Mr. Flower. 
Practical Chemistry 
• • •• 
Mr. Cocks. 
Geology, 1st year .. 
Mr. Goodlet. 
,, 2nd year .. 
Mr. Pilcher. 
Physics 
. . . . 
Mr. Pilcher. 
Botany, 1st year 
• ► . . 
Miss Bryson. 
,, Elementary 
. . . . 
Miss Betty. 
,, Advanced .. 
Mr. Langford. 
Bee-keeping, 1st year 
. . . . 
Mr. Goodlet. 
,, 2nd year 
Mr. Pilcher. 
Diary, Ladies 
. . , « 
Miss Watts. 
,, Men 
Mr. Collard. 
Miss Watts. 
Practical Work 
Miss Webb. 
Mr. Cocks. 
Mr. Collard. 
Principles and Practice; 
1st year 
Miss Broade. 
of Horticulture ) 
2nd year 
Mr. Cocks. 
oa 
iARDENING 
If ISCELLANY, 
ANTIRRHINUM HENDEPSONII. 
Seeing that Antirrhinums can be so readily raised 
from seed, few varieties attain a very great age, 
except named varieties which are perpetuated for 
exhibition purposes. This would apply more particu¬ 
larly to the northern counties of England and to 
Scotland, where the Antirrhinum has for many years 
been regarded as an exhibition flower, special classes 
being scheduled for its reception. The variety under 
notice has been in commerce for the last forty years, 
and owes this fact to the unique character of its 
flowers which we have never seen exactly matched. 
The corolla is white, with a heavy and distinct purple 
margin surrounding all of the five segments. The 
disc is pale yellow, fading to lemon. It is readily 
propagated by cuttings, and can sometimes be repro¬ 
duced true from seed; but as often as otherwise the 
two colours part company, some of the seedlings 
being of a dirty purple and others white. Strange 
to say, nothing good and certainly nothing at all 
approaching the original has been raised by cross¬ 
breeding. The pure white ground has the effect of 
setting off the purple margins very distinctly. Some 
fine spikes of this interesting and beautiful old variety 
were sent us by Mr. John Forbes, Buccleuch 
Nurseries, Hawick, Scotland. 
CARNATION JIM SMYTH. 
The brightness of this border Carnation is indispu¬ 
table whenever it makes its appearance in public and 
when shown against other varieties. Being purely a 
border flower it has not the qualities of form that 
would tally with the canons of the florist; but for 
cut flowers and garden decoration it is valuable and 
most effective on account of its brilliancy. It has 
more than once secured the first prize at the Crystal 
Palace as the best border Carnation. The variety 
was raised in the neighbourhood of the Crystal 
Palace and is still grown there by Mr. H. G. Smyth, 
21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, who has now 
grown it for some years at his private residence at 
Forest Hill. Here the plants grow from 2J ft. to 
3 ft. in height, and carry brilliant scarlet flowers 
2 i in. to 3 in. in diameter. The calyx is not liable to 
split but keeps its petals in compact form. Nor is 
the colour liable to be burnt by the sun, as many 
richly coloured varieties are. 
VIOLA MR. DANIELS. 
A bouquet of a new sweet scented Viola was sent us 
by Mr. John Forbes, Buccleuch Nurseries, Hawick. 
The plant is very dwarf and compact, being only 
about 3 in. to 5 in. high, sturdy and branching. 
The flowers are produced in abundance, and are 
pure white with the exception of a small golden 
blotch at the eje. An examination of the leaves 
and stipules shows that the variety is allied to Coun¬ 
tess of Hopetoun, Sylvia, and others of that ilk. It 
has the short and broad stipules derived originally 
from V. cornuta. The golden blotch extending down 
from the eye wculd point to Violetta as being one of 
its ancesters ; and some would say that the fragrance 
is also derived from the same source. While that 
may be so, we also know that many of the ordinary 
types of Viola are sweet scented, the scent being a 
thing of degree amongst Violas and Pansies 
generally. Mr Daniels belongs to the rayless type, 
and its various qualities should recommend it for 
extended cultivation. 
-—■ f 
Questions add AnstneRS 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers he so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
[ Correspondents , please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them .] 
Carnation Flowers — W.J.Foulks : Of the two you 
sent we like the appearance of the purple one very 
much. It will not agree with the canons of the 
florist owing to the petals being toothed at the 
edges; but otherwise there is little to complain of. 
The broad rounded petals are of the richest dark 
purple, the principal veins being violet. What we 
consider of more importance, the flowers possess the 
strong aromatic scent of the Clove, that is all too 
scarce amongst Carnations. If the habit of the 
plant is good, and plenty of young shoots are pro¬ 
duced for layering, we should consider it a good 
border variety with rich colour and a delicious 
scent to recommend it; and for those reasons it is 
worthy of a name, and deserving of cultivation. The 
Other variety, with red flowers shaded scarlet, is very 
good in its way, but would not be difficult to match 
amongst existing varieties. The outer petals are 
entire and refined, but the inner ones are small and 
less satisfactory. 
White Fly on Tomatos — X. Y. Z. : The white 
fly you mention as infesting Borecole, also infests 
Cabbages, and is Aleyrodes proletella, or as some 
say A. Brassicae. The white fly infesting your 
Tomatos is Aleyrodes vapororiarum. You say that 
it enjoys tobacco smoke, but that is not strictly 
correct. When the flies are in the perfect or winged 
state, tobacco is sure death to them in a very short 
time. If you examine the leaves of your Tomatos 
you will see small, white specks upon them like 
