750 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
July 24, 1897. 
scales. These specks are pupae cases in which the 
resting stage of the fly is passed. Tobacco smoke 
has no effect upon the fly when sealed up in these 
white cases. A day or two after fumigation is suffi 
cient to hatch cut a fresh brood of the fly, so that the 
house swarms with them again in a short time. You 
will hardly be able to exterminate them this season, 
but if you commence next year with the first 
appearance of the insects, you should be able to des¬ 
troy them by lightly fumigating at intervals of two 
days for a time. You could remove some of the 
worst leaves at the same time, and burn them at 
once to get rid of the pupae and prevent them from 
hatching out. If you care to you might use X L All 
Vaporiser instead of tobacco. In any case begin 
early before the pupae cases cover the leaves with 
white specks, and before the flies make the leaves 
black with excrement. 
Caterpillars on Parsnip seed.— J. T. Tliunton : 
r, The caterpillars you sent us were those of a small 
and insignificant, brown moth known as Depressaria 
Pastinacella. The moth and the caterpillars have 
been known to entomologists and to growers of Par 
snip seed for many years, though it does not always 
prove troublesome, and may exist in small numbers 
without being noticed. The moth is not very wide 
spread in this country, but is often very destructive 
on the Continent. In collecting the caterpillars a 
good plan would be to get a shallow box or tray, 
cover it with tar, and while a boy carries this holding 
it close to the Parsnip seed another might shake the 
plants over the tray. This will cause the caterpillars 
to drop amoDgst the tar where they will stick fast and 
soon die. A white cloth laid under the plants would 
answer the same purpose, but j ou would have to 
destroy them quickly for they move away nimbly. 
Many of them will now be in the pupa or resting 
condition and hung up to the Parsnip seed. Those 
you sent us are now in that condition. Look care¬ 
fully over the plants, picking off the pupae and 
destroying them. 
Treatment of Tuberous Begonia.— 0 . H .: When 
shifting this class of plants from 6o size to 48-size 
pots use a compost of three parts of turfy, fibrous 
loam, two parts of leaf-mould and one part of well- 
rotted cow manure, or that obtained from an old 
hot-bed, with sufficient sharp silver sand to keep the 
whole porous and open. The whole should be used 
in a lumpy condition and not sifted at all. Grow 
them on in a greenhouse or frame shading the plants 
with tiffany during the hotter parts of the day. The 
house or frame should be well ventilated during the 
day, leaving a little air on at night. No artificial 
heat will be required during the summer months. 
In the earlier parts of the year they will require a 
night temperature of about 6o°, rising higher by day. 
As the weather becomes warmer they should be more 
freely ventilated, especially from the beginning of 
April onwards. Less artificial heat will then' be 
required to keep up the temperature, but it will all 
depend upon the weather. From the end of May 
onwards they should be well ventilated and shaded 
during strong sunshine to keep them cool and prevent 
the stems from getting drawn. Keep them well 
supplied with water, especially when the pots are 
getting filled with roots. 
Treatment of Coleus — 0 . H. : These should re¬ 
ceive stove treatment from their earliest stages. In 
winter and early spring a night temperature of 55 0 to' 
6o° will be necessary to bring them along freely As 
the temperature outside rises, the house may be 
allowed to rise to 65° or 70° during the day with sun¬ 
shine, but plenty of ventilation will be necessary 
always on fine days. When growing freely, they 
require a good supply of water. Plenty of exposure 
to sunshine at all times, and ventilation during fine 
weather is necessary to keep them sturdy and short 
jointed, and make them colour well. Good fibrous 
loam, with a quantity of leaf mould and sufficient 
sand, will answer in the matter of compost. 
Onions Diseased. — Omega : They seem to be 
attacked by the Onion Mildew (Peronospora schlei- 
deniana), but you must admit it is difficult to judge 
from a small piece cf leaf in a letter, dried up in 
transit. Assuming that this is really the case, we 
may state that the fungus consists of a great number 
of mycelial threads that live in the interior of the 
leaves, and send out fruiting branches which are all 
that appear on the surface. These forking branches 
bear a kind of spores known as conidia, which are so 
light as to be blown about by the wind, so that 
healthy plants soon get affected by them. Nothing 
you can apply to the Onions can kill the fungus 
without killing the plants; and the application of 
poisons is a dangerous proceeding when the Onions 
may be consumed in the green state or otherwise. 
Damp soils and very sheltered spots favour the 
disease; therefore, see that the soil is properly 
drained, and choose open, sunny spots for the Onions 
so that the air can play freely all around them. Per¬ 
haps your soil contains too much humus from long- 
ccntinued applications of farmyard manure. You 
might use dressings of nitra.e of soda and salt to 
make the plants grow freely. Burn affected leaves if 
not too numerous. These are preventatives rather 
than remedies. 
“ Rules for judging.” — D. N.: The pamphlet was 
prepared by the Royal Horticultural Society, and is 
issued from their offices at 117, Victoria Street, 
Westminster, London. Apply to the Secretary at 
that address. 
Names of Plants.— Scilen . 1, Nephrolepis exaltata ; 
2, Ophiopogon Jaburan variegatus ; 3, Kalmia 
latifolia ; 4, Verbascum pulverulentum ; 5, Pteris 
Wimsetti ; 6, Rhus typhina. — A’. Y. Z. : Galega 
officinalis alba.— J. T. : 1, Aconitum Lycoctonum ; 
2, Antirrhinum majus var. ; 3, Sibthorpia europaea 
variegata ; 4, Dianthus sinensis Heddewigi ; 5, 
Lathyrus sativus ; 6, Lychnis fulgens.— A. R. : 1, 
Todea superba ; 2, Struthiopteris germanica ; 3, 
Cystopteris fragilis ; 4, Asplenium septentrionale.— 
G. Thompson : r, Cypripedium bellatulum ; 2, C. 
barbatum var. ; 3, C. callosum ; 4. Oncidium 
flexucsum. — James Herd : 1, Myrtus communis ; 2, 
Tilia cordata ; 3, Berberis vulgaris purpurea ; 4, 
Cotoneaster Nummularia ; 5, Spiraea ariaefolia ; 6, 
Rosa villosa tomentosa.— J. B. : 1, Selaginella 
Braunii ; 2, Selaginella uncinata ; 3, Pteris hastata ; 
4, Asplenium bulbiferum minus ; 5, Pteris longifolia ; 
6, AnguloaRuckeri. 
Communications Received — A. E. Stubbs. — 
H. B.—J. H. Fraser.— H. Cannell & Sons — W. P. 
B —R. Bryson. — L. N.—James F. — T. Browning.— 
J. Fletcher. —S. A. Peters. —T. R. — M., Hendon. 
-4.- 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
Little and Ballantyne, Carlisle.—Bulb Cata¬ 
logue. 
-•*-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
July 20 th, 1897. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 132, Houndsditch, and 27, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report full supplies of new 
English Trifolium incarnatum of good quality, and 
prices open low. New Italian Rye-grass and Rape 
seed and Rye are shewing, but prices are not 
established. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
July 21st, 1897. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
t. d j, d. 
Apples.per bnshel 
Black Currants J sieve 
Red „ j sieve 
Cherries half sieve... 
Nova Scotia Apples 
per barrel 
Cob Nuts 
per ioolbs, 
j. i . j. d 
Grapes, per lb . 20 36 
Pine-apples 
—St. Miohael’s each 26 60 
Plums per 4 sieve. 
Strawberries, per lb. i 6 2 
| Tasmanian Apples 
per case 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
i. d, i. d. 
ArtlohokesGlobedoz. 20 30 
Asparagus,per bundle 26 30 
Beans, French, per 
pound 10 15 
Beet. per dozen 2 0 
Brussel Sprouts, 
per half sieve 
Cabbages ... per doz. 10 13 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 2030 
Celery.per bundle 10 16 
Cucumbers per doz. 26 30 
Endive, French, djz. 16 20 
1. d. . d. 
Herbs .per bnnch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 1 3 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 0 
Onions.per bunoh 04 0 6 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen 1 c 13 
Seakale...per basket 10 13 
Small salad, punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 30 40 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 10 
Turnips.per bun. 0 3 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 20 40 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 2 030 
Bouvardlas, per bun. 04 06 
Carnations doz.blms. 10 30 
Carnations, doz. bun. 30 60 
Cornflower, doz.bun. 10 20 
Euobarls ...per doz 20 40 
Gardenias ...per doz. 20 40 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 30 60 
Lilium candidum, 
doz. bun. 9 0 18 o 
Lilium longlfiorum 
per doz. 30 40 
Lily of the Valley doz. 
sprays 10 20 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 20 40 
MaxdenbalrFern,i2bs.4 080 
s. d. s. d. 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 12 o 
Pansies 12 bun. 1620 
Primula, double, doz 
sprays 06 06 
Pelargonlums.12 bun. 40 60 
Poppy, various, doz. 
bunches 10 30 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 16 30 
Roses (Indoor), doz. 610 
„ Tea,white, doz. 10 26 
,, Niels . 16 40 
,, Safrano . 10 20 
„ (English), 
Red Roses, doz.1 020 
Pink Roses, doz. 30 50 
Roses, doz. bun. 30 60 
Smilax, per bunch ... 2 0 40 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms ... ... 1 0 16 
Plamts ik Pots.—Average Wholesal* Prices 
>. d. r. d. 
Arbor Vitae 
per doz. 12 0 36 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 0 
„ specimen 5 0 10 0 
Diaoaena, various, 
per doz. 12 0 30 0 
Dracaena vlrldis.doz. 90180 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 0 18 0 
Evsrgreens.lnvar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar..per doz. 4 012 o 
Ferns, small, per too 40 f 0 
Ficus elastica, each 10 50 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 10 50 
Fuchsias, per doz. ... 4 0 60 
Heliotrope...per doz. 40 60 
Hydrangeas per doz. 9 0 12 0 
1 d. t.% 
Ivy-leavedGeranium, 
per doz. 3060 
Lilium Harrissii, 
per pot 16 30 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Lobelia .per doz. 30 50 
Marguerite Daisy doz.6 0 xo 0 
Marguerite Yellow, 
per doz. 50 90 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Palms in variety,each 1 0 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums ...doz. 6 o 10 o 
Spiraea ...per doz. ... 8 o 10 o 
Scarlets .per doz. 26 50 
Bedding out plants 
plentiful and great 
variety, 
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