July 31, 1897. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
755 
WEBBS’ 
EMPEROR CABBAGE. 
The Earliest and Best 
6d. and Is. per packet; Is. 6 d. per oz. 
From Mr. G. H. BALL, Comer Gardens. 
“I herewith forwarJ you a photograph of your valuable 
Cabbage—the Emperor. I find it is the earliest, largest, 
and most compact variety I ever grew.” 
WEBBS’, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. 
LILIES OF THE VALLEY 
For Everybody and at any Time! 
Retarded crowns, i.e., crowns kept dormant by 
means of refrigeration, can be supplied twice a 
month. These crowns will bloom within 14-20 days; 
send for a list at once to 
T. JANNOCH, 
Lily Nursery, Dersingham, King s Lynn, Norfolk. 
ORCHIDS. 
Clean Healthy Plants at Low Prices. 
Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue. 
Exotic Hnrseries, CHELTENHAM. 
£25 in PRIZES. 
DANIELS’ GOLDEN ROCCA ONION. 
Splendid variety of fine globular form, pale golden 
yellow skin, and mild delicate flavour. When well 
grown will produce bulbs 2 lbs to 3 lbs. in weight. 
A superb exhibition variety, and the best for Autumn 
sowing. We offer £25 in prizes in 1898 for bulbs 
grown from seed sown this season. All purchasers 
of not less than one ounce of seed will be eligible to 
compete. Seed, with full cultural directions, per oz., 
is. 6d. ; per packet, 6d. Post free. 
DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers, NORWICH. 
THE FINEST CABBAGE IN THE WORLD. 
DANIELS’ DEFIANCE. 
A very fine, short-legged, compact, and early 
variety ; growing quickly to the weight of 8 lb. or 
10 lb. each ; exceedingly tender and of the most 
delicate marrow flavour. A grand Cabbage alike for 
the market or private grower. Our own splendid 
stock, specially selected, per oz., is. 6d. ; per packet, 
6d. Post free, 
DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers, NORWICH. 
H, CANNELL & SONS’ 
Cannas, Begonias, Pelargoniums, 
Carnations, Gloxinias, &c., &c. 
FINEST DISPLAY & COLLECTIONS IN THE WORLD. 
Our Nurseries will be found now and all the 
season the most interesting and edifying probably 
of any similar establishment in England. All ad¬ 
mirers of good gardening will save and derive con¬ 
siderable benefit by sending for Catalogues and 
making themselves thoroughly acquainted with 
our firm. All kinds of Bedding Plants are ready 
and sent off at an hour's notice. 
SWANLEY, KENT. 
AMATEURS 
Wha follow the lnatraatlona riven la 
•Th# Amateur Orchid Cultivators’ Guide Book.' 
Bt H. A. BURBERRY. F.R.H.S., 
ORCHID OKOWim TO 
The Right Hon* JOS. CHAMBERLUH, M.P* 
GAN GROW o rchids 
Cool, Intermediate, or Warm Kou.ee, 
SUCCESSFULLY 
There la a Calendar of Operation! for 
each month, and fall Information a. to 
tho treatment required by all Orchldi 
mentioned la the book. 
With some fim coloured illustration < 
Second Edition. 
5s. od.; post free, 5s. 3 d. 
"Gardening World' Office, 
1, Clement’s Inn, Strand, London. 
_ EXHIBITIONS. _ 
SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Great Royal Commemorative Horticultural Exhibition 
under the auspices and with the co-operation of the 
Royal Horticultural Society, at 
SHREWSBURY, 
Wednesday & Thursday, August 18 & 19. 
SCHEDULES ARE NOW READY, and may be obtained 
post free from— 
Messrs. ADNITT & NAUNTON, Hon. Secs.. Shrewsbury. 
BOSGOMBE (SHELLEY PARK), 
CARNIVAL and HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, 
AUGUST 17 and 18, 1897. 
£250 in PRIZES. GOOD OPEN CLASSES. 
GROUPS, 200 square feet, £20, £15, £10. 
TWELVE STOVE or GREENHOUSE PLANTS,£20,£15,£10. 
Schedules now ready. 
JAMES SPONG, Secretary, 
Liodisfarne Gardens, Bournemouth. 
" Gardening Is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man.”— Bacon. 
Edited by J. FRASER, F.L.S. 
SATURDAY , JULY 31 st, 1897. 
NEXT WEEK’S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Monday, August 2nd.— R.H.S. of Southampton’s Show 
(second day). 
Liverpool Show (second day). 
C: anfield Show. 
Beddington, Caishalton, and Walllngton Show. 
Northampton Show (two days). 
Tuesday, August 3rd.— Leicester Show (two days). 
Friday, August 5th.—Maidenhead Show. 
National Carnation and Plcotee Society's Show at Birming¬ 
ham (two days). 
Sale of imported Orchids by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. 
H?xtension of Fruit Culture.— Some 
^ years ago, when the extension of fruit 
culture as a commercial industry was ad¬ 
vocated in the horticultural and daily 
press, as well as at conferences and 
meetings of various kinds, there were not 
wanting people to pooh, pooh the whole 
thing as worse than wasted talk. There 
was the man who had made his fortune 
and pocketed the money, therefore in his 
opinion it was safe only to grow early 
varieties which could be put on the market 
and the value realised at once. Neverthe¬ 
less, the planting of too many early varieties 
has resulted in much loss, because the 
owners had not looked abroad for markets 
to dispose of the whole of their produce 
within a given time. Then there were 
those who had their eye upon the decayed 
and ruinous cider orchards, without con¬ 
sidering that outworn plantations could 
and should be replaced by fresh ones on 
other soil; and those who had surveyed 
the land from Dan to Beersheba and 
imagined that all was barren. The 
attempts that were made by the various 
county councils to educate their people have 
also been ridiculed in scornful epithets as 
the veriest humbug, not to use a stronger 
designation. Then the bogey of foreign 
competition has been held up as something 
not to be encountered. Our climate is as 
suitable as many others from which we get 
supplies, and we can hardly find fault with 
the foreigner who discovered a tempting 
price for his produce in the British markets, 
and was enterprising enough to meet the 
demand. 
It remains for the people of this country 
to take the hint and be ’ up and doing. 
This conviction is gradually dawning upon 
the inhabitants of Cornwall, where the mild 
and equable climate is suitable for the pro¬ 
duction of early crops of various kinds. 
Not only is there a demand in the London 
markets, but in the large towns and cities 
of the Midlands and Northern counties. 
The efforts of the County Council of Corn¬ 
wall are beginning to take effect, especially 
since they employed Mr. C. Illot about a 
year ago to disseminate information 
amongst the rural population concerning 
fruit culture. They are now beginning to 
recognise that good crops may be obtained 
in suitable localities by an industrious 
application of the knowledge obtainable. 
It is not everyone who can grow fruit, a 
statement which may mean that he lacks 
either the capability, the perseverance, the 
energy, or all of these requisites ; neverthe¬ 
less, the enterprising are slowly but surely 
finding out their own capabilities and that 
of the soil, so that a considerable extension 
of fruit culture in Cornwall may yet be 
expected. Apples, Strawberries, Rasp¬ 
berries, Gooseberries, and Currants are 
some of the subjects for which the Cornish 
climate is suitable, independently of flowers 
and vegetables, which can be had in readi¬ 
ness for market in advance of the supplies 
from more Northern counties. Moreover, 
there is evidence already in some parts that 
growers are becoming alive to the advan¬ 
tages of growing good varieties of Apples 
instead of the rubbish with which the 
ground has for many years been cumbered. 
The budding of good varieties on vigorous 
young stocks is being rapidly accom¬ 
plished. 
Coming nearer to London we notice fruit 
culture in Kent is already very extensive 
and rapidly extending. Any one can see this 
for himself who gets on to some of the 
breezy heights overlooking Swanley in one 
direction and Eynsford on the other. In 
some directions fruit culture is monopolising 
the agricultural land to such an extent that 
some of the fruit farmers are obliged to buy 
straw for packing and similar purposes. 
There are thousands of acres of fruit under 
the care of people who have little knowledge 
of the practical details of fruit culture and 
nothing at all of the science of it. On the 
rising ground above Swanley Junction is a 
very extensive and model farm where fruit 
of various kinds is grown and disposed of 
with great success. About forty to fifty 
acres are planted annually. Apples, Plums, 
Black Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries, 
and Strawberries are amongst the most im¬ 
portant crops. To give an instance of the 
method of proceedure we may state that 
Apples and Plums are planted at regular dis¬ 
tances all over the ground. Between them 
are rows of Gooseberries or Black Currants, 
and also Strawberries. The latter would 
furnish the earliest returns, and by the 
time the plantations are getting exhausted, 
the Gooseberries or Currants have grown 
sufficiently to monopolise the ground, and 
furnish supplies of fruit. They in their 
turn are finally superseded by the Apples 
or Plums that by and by shade the ground 
heavily. For some years, however, the 
shaded Gooseberries furnish a late supply 
of fruit, owing to their being retarded in 
the cool shade of the trees. We noted an 
immense field of 500 acres occupied by 100 
acres of Apples, it may be, and equal 
extent of Strawberries, and so on for other 
kinds of fruit. 
These crops do not always occupy the 
ground in mixture but are often planted 
separately. This is often the case with 
Strawberries and Raspberries, the extensive 
fields of which testify to their importance. 
Raspberries look not unlike a hop field in 
