128 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
spot on blue paper. The extract was evaporated at the ordi¬ 
nary temperature. The residue was a solid, and it had the odor 
and characteristic crystalline structure of fatty acids, suggest¬ 
ing the presence of a fixed oil. Its melting-point was taken. 
The substance melted at 6o° C., and on cooling solidified 
amorphous. To determine the total amount of solids extracted, 
a definite volume of the extract was evaporated, dried, and 
weighed. 
TOTAL SOLIDS. 
Petroleum spirit residue dried at ioo° C.1.24 per cent, of solids. 
“ “ “ no°C.1.20 „ „ „ 
0.04 „ „ loss. 
The residue was identified as a fixed oil. It was soluble 
in petroleum spirit, ether, benzole, chloroform, amyl alcohol, 
carbon di-sulphide, and cold aqueous alkalies; incompletely 
soluble in cold or boiling 86 per cent, alcohol, 95 per cent, alco¬ 
hol, absolute alcohol, acetic ether, and ammonium hydrate. 
No change of color was observed on treating the fixed oil 
with concentrated sulphuric acid, nor on the addition of 
syrupy phosphoric acid, thoügh it was partially soluble in 
these acids. Phosphoric acid colored it yellow; it was col- 
ered yellowish by concentrated hydrochloric acid and nitric 
acid of 1.22 specific gravity. A mixture of concentrated sul¬ 
phuric acid and nitric acid of 1.22 specific gravity changed 
the color of the fixed oil to a reddish-brown; it was colored 
pale green by sulphuric acid of 1.634 sp. gr. and of 1.53 sp. 
gr. Calcium di-sulphide gave a bright green color reaction 
with the fixed oil, but did not form an emulsion with it; 
aqueous solutions of gold and platinum chlorides were re¬ 
duced by it. The fixed oil was saponified with difficulty by 
alcoholic soda; but readily by boiling aqueous soda; a white 
fragile soap was separated and filtered from the liquid. The 
soap was decomposed by hydrochloric acid and the fatty 
acids separated. The filtrate from the soap was examined 
for glycerin. By the method 1 used, an oily liquid was ob- 
1 Plant Analysis, G. Dragendorff, p. 12. _ 
