i 4 o PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
extract was neutral in reaction. It was faintly colored and 
slightly bitter to the taste. It was not colored by iron salts or 
precipitated with alum and gelatine solution, showing absence 
of gallic acid or tannin. Copper solutions were not reduced, 
indicating absence of glucosides, though the precaution was 
observed of boiling the aqueous extract with acid, and rendering 
alkaline before adding the copper solution. The aqueous ex¬ 
tract was agitated with acetic ether and a distinctly crystalline 
residue separated. Under the miscroscope these crystals were 
white, needle-shaped, and arranged in bundles. They did not 
respond to tests for gallic acid. Potash solution formed a 
yellow mixture with the crystals. The color was discharged 
by a drop of hydrochloric acid. Chloroform did not dissolve 
any substance from the ethereal residue. The ethereal residue 
was treated with acidulated water and tested negatively for 
alkaloids. 
The ethereal residue insoluble in water was treated with 
alcohol. The amount of substances insoluble in water, and 
soluble in ether and alcohol, was 0.15 per cent. The alcoholic 
solution was evaporated, and the residue was crystalline in 
structure. Concentrated sulphuric acid imperfectly dissolved 
it, and gave a reddish-yellow color reaction; acetic ether dis¬ 
colored the solution. The alcoholic residue was insoluble in 
acetic ether, cold and boiling aqueous alkalies; soluble in 
chloroform. It saponified with alcoholic soda. 
The amount of the ethereal residue insoluble in water and 
alcohol was 0.65 per cent. It was not soluble in alcoholic or 
aqueous soda. This would indicate a resin anhydride. Con¬ 
centrated sulphuric acid gave no color reaction with it; and 
a mixture of sulphuric acid and cane sugar dissolved the 
residue. 
The ethereal residue , on treating with cold ether, was not 
entirely soluble in it. It was soluble in chloroform, benzole, 
and carbon di-sulphide; incompletely soluble in cold alcohol, 
and insoluble in amyl alcohol. The ethereal residue was treated 
with 95 per cent, alcohol, in which it was slightly soluble. A 
turbidity formed in the alcoholic solution on adding lead ace¬ 
tate, ferric chloride, ammonium hydrate, and sulphuric acid; 
